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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6-Cyclopentyl-6-[2-[4-(difluoromethyl)-3-fluorophenyl]ethyl]-3-[(2,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]oxane-2,4-dione —— C24H28F3N3O3
    6-Cyclopentyl-6-[2-[4-(difluoromethyl)-3-fluorophenyl]ethyl]-3-[(2,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]oxane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-(Methyliminomethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C6H9NO2
    3-(Methyliminomethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (2E)-2-[4-(5-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)butan-2-ylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide —— C10H17N3O2S
    (2E)-2-[4-(5-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)butan-2-ylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide
    —— 4,6-Diethyl-1,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-3-one;oxolan-2-one —— C15H24O4
    4,6-Diethyl-1,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-3-one;oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-(2-Ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-4-hydroxyoxolane-2,3-dione —— C9H12O6
    5-(2-Ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-4-hydroxyoxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (4R,5R,6aS)-4-(3-hydroxy-3-methyloct-1-enyl)-5-trimethylsilyloxy-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C19H34O4Si
    (4R,5R,6aS)-4-(3-hydroxy-3-methyloct-1-enyl)-5-trimethylsilyloxy-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 3-Propan-2-ylidene-4-propyloxolan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    3-Propan-2-ylidene-4-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-8-one —— C10H16O2
    3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-8-one
    —— 3-(Buta-1,3-dien-2-yl-tert-butyl-phenylsilyl)oxyoxolan-2-one —— C18H24O3Si
    3-(Buta-1,3-dien-2-yl-tert-butyl-phenylsilyl)oxyoxolan-2-one
    —— [(9E)-15-hydroxy-5-methylidene-6-oxo-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-3-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H22O7
    [(9E)-15-hydroxy-5-methylidene-6-oxo-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-3-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— Ethane;6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one —— C11H22O2
    Ethane;6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— 6-But-2-enyl-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one —— C9H14O3
    6-But-2-enyl-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— 7-Hydroxy-5-oxaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-one —— C6H8O3
    7-Hydroxy-5-oxaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-propan-2-yloxyoxolane-2,4-dione —— C9H14O6
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-propan-2-yloxyoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 3,4-Diethyl-4-methyloxetan-2-one —— C8H14O2
    3,4-Diethyl-4-methyloxetan-2-one
    —— 5-Methoxy-4-(3-methyl-5-phenylpentyl)-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C20H28O3
    5-Methoxy-4-(3-methyl-5-phenylpentyl)-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (5R)-3-prop-2-enyl-5-propyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C10H14O3
    (5R)-3-prop-2-enyl-5-propyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 5-Methyl-2,4-dioxo-5-phenyloxolane-3-carbaldehyde —— C12H10O4
    5-Methyl-2,4-dioxo-5-phenyloxolane-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (4R,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylidene-4-(2-methylpropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C23H35BrO2
    (4R,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylidene-4-(2-methylpropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— [5-(4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl)-6,7-dihydro-4H-[1,2]oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-3-yl] N-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl)carbamate —— C23H32N4O6
    [5-(4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl)-6,7-dihydro-4H-[1,2]oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-3-yl] N-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl)carbamate
    —— 2,6-Dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one —— C7H10O3
    2,6-Dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-methyl-5-(2-phenylethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C13H16O2
    (3R,5S)-3-methyl-5-(2-phenylethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4,4-Dimethyl-6-(3-propan-2-yl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-3-propyloxan-2-one —— C15H24N2O3
    4,4-Dimethyl-6-(3-propan-2-yl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-3-propyloxan-2-one
    —— 8-Methoxyimino-3-(2,4,5-trimethylphenyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-2,4-dione —— C18H21NO4
    8-Methoxyimino-3-(2,4,5-trimethylphenyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-2,4-dione
    —— 1,2,2-Trimethyl-5-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,8]undecan-6-one —— C13H20O2
    1,2,2-Trimethyl-5-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,8]undecan-6-one
    —— (4R,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-4-butyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C23H35BrO2
    (4R,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-4-butyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— 5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-propan-2-ylideneoxolan-2-one —— C21H31BrO2
    5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-propan-2-ylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— [1-[[7-(3,5-Dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-7-oxooxepan-2-yl)-3,7-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethylhept-5-enyl]-methylamino]-3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-1-oxodeca-7,9-dien-5-yl] carbamate —— C32H54N2O10
    [1-[[7-(3,5-Dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-7-oxooxepan-2-yl)-3,7-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethylhept-5-enyl]-methylamino]-3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-1-oxodeca-7,9-dien-5-yl] carbamate
    —— 1,1-Bis[4-methyl-4-(5-oxooxolan-3-yl)pentyl]thiourea —— C21H36N2O4S
    1,1-Bis[4-methyl-4-(5-oxooxolan-3-yl)pentyl]thiourea
    —— 3-(3-Methylbutan-2-yl)oxolan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    3-(3-Methylbutan-2-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (2E)-2-(nitromethylidene)piperidin-3-yl 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C16H22N2O6
    (2E)-2-(nitromethylidene)piperidin-3-yl 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— [(2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4,5-dioxooxolan-3-yl] hydrogen carbonate —— C7H8O8
    [(2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4,5-dioxooxolan-3-yl] hydrogen carbonate
    —— Ethane;2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one —— C11H22O2
    Ethane;2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one
    —— Ethyl 3-(3-hydroxyoxiran-2-yl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C9H12O6
    Ethyl 3-(3-hydroxyoxiran-2-yl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3R)-4-hydroxy-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-3-thiophen-3-ylprop-2-enyl]-3-methoxyoxolan-2-one —— C12H14O5S
    (3R)-4-hydroxy-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-3-thiophen-3-ylprop-2-enyl]-3-methoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 2,4-Epoxymenthanophenanthren-12-one, 1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,7,8,10,10a-dodecahydro-1-hydroxy-1-(2-ethoxyvinyl-2-propyl-4b-methyl-7,7-(2,5-dioxocyclopentyl)- —— C25H36O6
    2,4-Epoxymenthanophenanthren-12-one, 1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,7,8,10,10a-dodecahydro-1-hydroxy-1-(2-ethoxyvinyl-2-propyl-4b-methyl-7,7-(2,5-dioxocyclopentyl)-
    —— (7-Oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4-yl) 2-fluoro-2-oxidoperoxysulfanylpropanoate;(7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4-yl) 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-methyl-2-oxidoperoxysulfanylpropanoate —— C21H24F4O14S2-2
    (7-Oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4-yl) 2-fluoro-2-oxidoperoxysulfanylpropanoate;(7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4-yl) 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-methyl-2-oxidoperoxysulfanylpropanoate
    —— Ethane;4-methyloxolan-2-one —— C7H14O2
    Ethane;4-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— Methyl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one —— C14H24O4
    Methyl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— (5R,6S)-3,3,5-trimethyl-6-pent-3-en-2-yloxane-2,4-dione —— C13H20O3
    (5R,6S)-3,3,5-trimethyl-6-pent-3-en-2-yloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-(Butan-2-yliminomethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C9H15NO2
    3-(Butan-2-yliminomethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— Ethyl 3-(2-methylpropylsulfonyl)-2-(2-methylpropylsulfonylmethyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C16H26O9S2
    Ethyl 3-(2-methylpropylsulfonyl)-2-(2-methylpropylsulfonylmethyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— (4S)-4-butoxyoxolan-2-one —— C8H14O3
    (4S)-4-butoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 4,6,7-Trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    4,6,7-Trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— (5S)-6-ethyl-3,4,5-trimethyloxan-2-one —— C10H18O2
    (5S)-6-ethyl-3,4,5-trimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (3E)-3-[2-[6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C20H30O4
    (3E)-3-[2-[6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-Ethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.2]decan-8-one —— C11H18O2
    4-Ethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.2]decan-8-one
    —— 3-[(2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4,5-dioxooxolan-3-yl]oxyprop-2-enal —— C9H10O7
    3-[(2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4,5-dioxooxolan-3-yl]oxyprop-2-enal
    —— Ethane;(1-methoxy-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl) 2,2-dimethylpropanoate;oxolan-2-one —— C20H42O6
    Ethane;(1-methoxy-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl) 2,2-dimethylpropanoate;oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Cyclopentyloxane-2,4-dione —— C10H14O3
    3-Cyclopentyloxane-2,4-dione