内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | <5S-(5α,6β)>-5-<(tert-Butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>tetrahydro-6-(cyclohexylmethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one | 125816-07-1 | C18H34O3Si |
| —— | (Z,3R,4S,9R,10R)-3,4,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-4,9-bis(methoxymethoxy)-3-methyl-10-pentyloxecin-2-one | 1585969-12-5 | C19H34O6 |
| —— | 5-Mesyl-2.4-benzyliden-D-glucuron-dimethylmercaptal | 109066-22-0 | C16H20O7S3 |
| —— | 5-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoroheptyl)-δ-valerolactone | 1105107-65-0 | C12H9F13O2 |
| —— | 2-methyl-3-trimethylsilylhexan-6-olide | 94059-93-5 | C10H20O2Si |
| —— | (1S,5R)-1,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one | 1236042-96-8 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 1-(5-oxo-4-pentyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one | 59647-54-0 | C14H23NO3 |
| —— | 1402922-10-4 | C11H18O2 | |
| —— | 3-deuteriodihydro-3,4,4-trimethyl-2(3H)-furanone | 93757-81-4 | C7H12O2 |
| —— | trans-5ξ,8α-Dihydroxy-1-carboxy-Δ<sup>1</sup>-octalin-lacton-(1,8α) | 91970-90-0 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | isophoto-β-santonin lactone | 54933-24-3 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | 4,5,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 4283-39-0 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | rac-(3R,3a'S)-hexahydro-2H,3'H-spiro[furan-3,2'-isoxazolo[2,3-a]azepine]-2,5(4H)-dione | 132524-20-0 | C11H15NO4 |
| —— | 3-amino-3-(α-hydroxy-benzyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one; hydrochloride | 103502-04-1 | C11H13NO3*ClH |
| —— | 77912-58-4 | C19H28O4 | |
| —— | 3-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-cyclohexyl)-4-methyl-4-(1-trimethylsilanyl-vinyl)-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 95682-40-9 | C22H36O3Si |
| —— | (5RS,1'SR)-5-methyl-5-(1'-hydroxypropyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-one | 92817-20-4 | C7H12O4 |
| —— | 1-Methyl-3-(1-brom-9-methyl-8-oxo-7-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>nonan-9-carbonyl)-harnstoff | 88134-38-7 | C12H17BrN2O4 |
| —— | 2-exo-bromo-9-exo-nitro-4,8-dioxatricyclo<4.2.1.03,7>nonan-5-one | 136613-39-3 | C7H6BrNO5 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-4-(8-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-3-hydroxyoctyl)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 1352751-74-6 | C27H54O5Si2 |
| —— | 6-methyl-7-phenyl-3,3a,7,7a-tetrahydro-3,6-methanobenzofuran-2(6H)-one | 1627214-55-4 | C16H16O2 |
| —— | (3-oxo-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-yl)phosphonic acid diethyl ester | 671247-39-5 | C14H25O5P |
| —— | 11-(phenylseleno)-12-nor-eudesm-4(5)-eno-6β,13-lactone | 125556-85-6 | C20H24O2Se |
| —— | (3R)-3-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuranyl) 2-methyl-3-oxo-1-cyclopentene-1-acetate | 152979-07-2 | C14H18O5 |
| —— | (Z)-3-benzylidenetetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1431530-88-9 | C12H12O2 |
| —— | [4-(benzylcarbamoyl-methyl)-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-yl]-acetic acid | 108872-07-7 | C14H15NO6 |
| —— | 5-acetyl-6-ethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 59958-94-0 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | 6-carbethoxyhexahydrophthalide | 96259-72-2 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | 4,5-dipropyloxolan-2-one | 22334-94-7 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | 4,5-dipropyloxolan-2-one | 22334-94-7 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | 3<R(S)>-</tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-5<S(R)>-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-one | 87598-10-5 | C11H22O3Si |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 13322-77-5 | C7H12O4 |
| —— | 5α-chloro-18-hydroxy-13,14,15,16-tetranor-ent-haliman-12,10-olide | 923976-50-5 | C16H25ClO3 |
| —— | 81060-21-1 | C11H18O2 | |
| —— | ((1<i>R</i>)-6<i>endo</i>-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-6<i>exo</i>-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester | 107153-72-0 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | 1256454-24-6 | C13H17BrO2 | |
| —— | (3R,5S,6R)-Tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-6-<(1R)-1-methyl-2-propenyl>-2H-pyran-2-on | 82917-29-1 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | Acetoxy-2-methyl-4-γ-butanolid | 34644-80-9 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,6R,6aR)-4-Dimethoxymethyl-6-iodo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 74786-35-9 | C10H15IO4 |
| —— | (3R,4S)-(+)-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid | 931411-98-2 | C6H8O4 |
| —— | (1α,3aβ,8β,9aα)-1,2,3,8,9a-hexahydro-1,8-dimethyl-3a,8-(epoxymethano)-3aH-cyclopentacycloocten-10-one | 129918-51-0 | C14H18O2 |
| —— | 88819-37-8 | C25H23BrO7 | |
| —— | (4S,5S)-5-<(1S)-1-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-cyclohexylethyl>-4-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-one | 133956-91-9 | C18H31NO4 |
| —— | (S)-6-(iodomethyl)-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1258203-92-7 | C12H13IO2 |
| —— | (2aS,4aS,7R,7aS,7bS)-7-Hydroxy-2a-methoxy-6-methyl-2,2a,4a,7,7a,7b-hexahydro-1,3-dioxa-cyclopenta[cd]inden-4-one | 125024-29-5 | C11H14O5 |
| —— | (2aR,8aS,8bR)-7,7-Dimethyl-5-vinyl-2a,3,4,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one | 106144-92-7 | C15H20O2 |
| —— | 5-Iodomethyl-3-[1-phenyl-meth-(E)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 119516-10-8 | C12H11IO2 |
| —— | 16-O-acetylbotryosphaerilactone C | 1610790-90-3 | C16H26O6 |
| —— | 4(R)-methyl-3(R)-(1(S)-methyl-2(E)-heptenyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 97277-06-0 | C13H22O2 |
| —— | (3aS,5S,7aS)-5-hydroxy-7a-methyl-3-methylidene-4,5-dihydro-3aH-1-benzofuran-2-one | 1418217-03-4 | C10H12O3 |
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