内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | Poliglecaprone | —— | C10H14O6 |
|
| —— | 2(3H)-Furanone, 5-(1Z)-1-decenyldihydro-, (5R)- | 64726-91-6 | C14H24O2 |
|
| —— | 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-5,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-3-hydroxy-4-pentyl- | 101833-12-9 | C11H14F6O3 |
|
| —— | 2-Oxaspiro(4.5)decane-3-acetic acid, 1-oxo-3-phenyl-, 1-methyl-4-piperidyl ester | 101834-42-8 | C23H31NO4 |
|
| —— | 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-5,5-bis(chlorodifluoromethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl- | 101833-10-7 | C7H6Cl2F4O3 |
|
| —— | 5-[Chloro(difluoro)methyl]-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one | 101833-15-2 | C7H6ClF5O3 |
|
| —— | 4-(N-Butylnitrosamino)-4-hydroxybutyric acid lactone | 73487-24-8 | C8H14N2O3 |
|
| —— | 3-((Diethylamino)methyl)-8-methyl-2,7-dioxaspiro(4.4)nonane-1,6-dione | 66223-12-9 | C13H21NO4 |
|
| —— | Anhydrogrossmizin | 35945-78-9 | C15H16O3 |
|
| —— | 1,6-Dioxo-N,N,N,8-tetramethyl-2,7-dioxaspiro(4.4)nonane-3-methanaminium bromide | 66223-19-6 | C12H20BrNO4 |
|
| —— | N-Hexylpilocarpinium iodide | 63868-84-8 | C17H29IN2O2 |
|
| —— | 3,8-Bis((diethylamino)methyl)-2,7-dioxaspiro(4.4)nonane-1,6-dione | 60012-88-6 | C17H30N2O4 |
|
| —— | N-Benzyl-5-oxo-4-phenyltetrahydro-2-furamide | 43159-81-5 | C18H17NO3 |
|
| —— | 5-Oxo-4-phenyltetrahydro-2-furancarbonitrile | 42013-28-5 | C11H9NO2 |
|
| —— | N,N-Diethyl-5-oxo-4-phenyltetrahydro-2-furamide | 42013-31-0 | C15H19NO3 |
|
| —— | α-Phenyl-γ-butyrolacton-γ-carbonsaeure-amid | 42013-29-6 | C11H11NO3 |
|
| —— | 4,4-diethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 33867-33-3 | C8H14O2 |
|
| —— | 2-Furoic acid, tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-2,3,4-trimethyl-5-oxo-, (2R,3R,4R)- | 26543-09-9 | C8H12O5 |
|
| —— | cis-3-butyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 19639-02-2 | C9H16O2 |
|
| —— | 3-(1,2-Dimethylpropyl)-5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 15971-47-8 | C10H18O2 |
|
| —— | 5-Oxo-2-phenyltetrahydro-3-furamide | 13390-01-7 | C11H11NO3 |
|
| —— | N,N-Diethyl-5-oxo-2-phenyltetrahydro-3-furamide | 13390-03-9 | C15H19NO3 |
|
| —— | 2-methyl-4-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-ylildenemethoxy)but-2-en-4-olide | 58141-59-6 | C10H10O5 |
|
| —— | 4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methylene-5-(prop-1-ynyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1345462-60-3 | C11H14O3 |
|
| —— | 3-((Z)-3-Triethylsilanyloxy-but-2-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 89597-52-4 | C14H26O3Si |
|
| —— | Methanesulfonic acid 2-oxo-dihydro-furan-(3Z)-ylidenemethyl ester | 76881-24-8 | C6H8O5S |
|
| —— | 116053-51-1 | C13H14O6 |
|
|
| —— | 5-(8-methoxyoctyl)-3-methylenedihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1310969-62-0 | C14H24O3 |
|
| —— | (3S,4S,6S)-4-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3-hexyl-6-undecyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 134360-67-1 | C28H56O3Si |
|
| —— | (Z)-dihydro-3-carbomethoxymethylene-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2(3H)-furanone | 72163-23-6 | C11H16O4 |
|
| —— | (E)-dihydro-3-carbomethoxymethylene-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2(3H)-furanone | 72163-26-9 | C11H16O4 |
|
| —— | (3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one | 202132-46-5 | C9H16O3 |
|
| —— | (4S,5R)-3-oxo-4-methyl-5-hydroxy-n-heptanoic acid δ-lactone | 202072-86-4 | C8H12O3 |
|
| —— | (4S,5R,6R)-6-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one | 202132-44-3 | C8H14O3 |
|
| —— | tetrahydro-2-oxo-5,5-dipropylfuran-3-carboxaldehyde | 1352039-15-6 | C11H18O3 |
|
| —— | 4,5-Dihydroxy-2-propylpentanoic acid-γ-lactone | 25093-79-2 | C8H14O3 |
|
| —— | 2,3,4,5-Tetramethyl-12-oxapentacyclo<4.4.3.0<sup>1,6</sup>.0<sup>2,4</sup>.0<sup>3,5</sup>>trideca-7,9-dien-11-on | 80673-70-7 | C16H18O2 |
|
| —— | 4,4-diethyl-3,3-dichlorooxetan-2-one | 130457-73-7 | C7H10Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | (3R,6S)-3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 243464-42-8 | C28H42O4Si2 |
|
| —— | (4S,5S,8S,9S)-5,8,9-trimethoxymethyloxy-4-heneicosanolide | 1175581-88-0 | C27H52O8 |
|
| —— | Acetic acid 4-methylene-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester | 73738-80-4 | C7H8O4 |
|
| —— | (+/-)-3-dodecyl-4-((Ξ)-tridecyliden)-oxetan-2-one | 47660-90-2 | C28H52O2 |
|
| —— | (2aα,5β,6aβ,7aβ,7bα,7cα)-(+/-)-6-ethenyl-2a,3,4,5,6a,7a,7b,7c-octahydro-5-<<(methylsulfonyl)oxy>methyl>-2a-methyl-2H-oxireno<2,3>naphtho<1,8-bc>furan-2-one | 143495-24-3 | C16H20O6S |
|
| —— | α,α-Diaethyl-β-propiolacton | 1955-43-7 | C7H12O2 |
|
| —— | 7-oxo-oxepan-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 915092-90-9 | C9H14O4 |
|
| —— | (3S,4R,5S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 792909-07-0 | C11H12O3 |
|
| —— | (4R)-4-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 201804-35-5 | C21H26O3Si |
|
| —— | 3-trifluoroacetyl γ-butyrolactone | 69243-04-5 | C6H5F3O3 |
|
| —— | trans-4-methyl-5-(2-propenyl)tetrahydro-2-furanone | 112423-33-3 | C8H12O2 |
|
| —— | cis-5-allyl-4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | 112423-36-6 | C8H12O2 |
|
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