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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 7-acetoxy-2,2-dimethyl-tetrahydro-4,7-methano-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-<i>c</i>]oxepin-6-one —— C12H16O6
    7-acetoxy-2,2-dimethyl-tetrahydro-4,7-methano-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-<i>c</i>]oxepin-6-one
    —— Acetic acid, 8,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydro-2H-indeno[1,2-b]furan-5-yl ester —— C15H20O4
    Acetic acid, 8,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydro-2H-indeno[1,2-b]furan-5-yl ester
    —— 2-Oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-3-one, 4-endo-methyl-8,9-O-exo-isopropylidene-, (Z) —— C12H18O4
    2-Oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-3-one, 4-endo-methyl-8,9-O-exo-isopropylidene-, (Z)
    —— 2-Oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one, 6-(t-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)methyl- —— C24H30O3Si
    2-Oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one, 6-(t-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)methyl-
    —— 12-[2-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypent-3-enyl]-6-methyl-10,11-dioxatricyclo[6.2.2.01,6]dodecane-5,9-dione —— C32H40O5Si
    12-[2-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypent-3-enyl]-6-methyl-10,11-dioxatricyclo[6.2.2.01,6]dodecane-5,9-dione
    —— 5-Ethoxy-8,8-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydroindeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one —— C15H22O3
    5-Ethoxy-8,8-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydroindeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one
    —— D-Galactono-1,4-lactone, 5,6-O-octylidene- —— C14H24O6
    D-Galactono-1,4-lactone, 5,6-O-octylidene-
    —— 2-(5-oxooxolan-2-yl)-4-phenylbut-2-enenitrile —— C14H13NO2
    2-(5-oxooxolan-2-yl)-4-phenylbut-2-enenitrile
    —— 3-[1-[2-[1-(2,4-dioxooxolan-3-ylidene)hexylamino]ethylamino]hexylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione —— C22H32N2O6
    3-[1-[2-[1-(2,4-dioxooxolan-3-ylidene)hexylamino]ethylamino]hexylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 5-(2,2-dimethylpropylidene)-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-3-one —— C12H18O2
    5-(2,2-dimethylpropylidene)-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-3-one
    —— 4-Oxatetracyclo[6.2.1.02,7.03,6]undec-9-ene-3-carboxylic acid, 5-oxo-6-phenyl-, methyl ester, (1alpha,2beta,3alpha,6alpha,7beta,8alpha)- —— C18H16O4
    4-Oxatetracyclo[6.2.1.02,7.03,6]undec-9-ene-3-carboxylic acid, 5-oxo-6-phenyl-, methyl ester, (1alpha,2beta,3alpha,6alpha,7beta,8alpha)-
    —— 5-Butyl-3-hexyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one —— C14H26O2
    5-Butyl-3-hexyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid, 10-chlorotricyclo[4.3.1.0(3,8)]dec-4-yl ester —— C20H27ClO4
    4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid, 10-chlorotricyclo[4.3.1.0(3,8)]dec-4-yl ester
    —— 5,8,8-trimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester 91765-67-2 C12H18O4
    5,8,8-trimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— 5,8,8-trimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid 91352-88-4 C11H16O4
    5,8,8-trimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— 4-Methyl-5-penta-1,3-dienyltetrahydrofuran-2-one —— C10H14O2
    4-Methyl-5-penta-1,3-dienyltetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 5-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydro-indeno[1,2-<i>b</i>]furan-2-one 96850-10-1 C13H18O3
    5-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydro-indeno[1,2-<i>b</i>]furan-2-one
    —— 10-Oxatricyclo[6.4.0.09,12]dodecane-9-carboxylic acid, 11-oxo-12-phenyl-, methyl ester, (1alpha,8alpha,9beta,12beta)- —— C19H22O4
    10-Oxatricyclo[6.4.0.09,12]dodecane-9-carboxylic acid, 11-oxo-12-phenyl-, methyl ester, (1alpha,8alpha,9beta,12beta)-
    —— 2-Oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-7-en-3-one, 7-(1-hydroxypentyl)- —— C12H18O3
    2-Oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-7-en-3-one, 7-(1-hydroxypentyl)-
    —— 3-Benzyl-2-(5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-oxirane-2-carbonitrile —— C14H13NO3
    3-Benzyl-2-(5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-oxirane-2-carbonitrile
    —— 5,3,7-[1,2,3]Propanetriylbenzofuran-2(3H)-one, hexahydro-10-hydroxy- —— C11H14O3
    5,3,7-[1,2,3]Propanetriylbenzofuran-2(3H)-one, hexahydro-10-hydroxy-
    —— 10-Oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0(1,6)]dodecan-11-one, 9-(2-[(11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0(1,6)]dodec-9-yl)oxy]ethoxy) —— C24H34O6
    10-Oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0(1,6)]dodecan-11-one, 9-(2-[(11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0(1,6)]dodec-9-yl)oxy]ethoxy)
    —— dihydro-3-(thioacetyl)-2(3H)-furanone 20632-96-6 C6H8O2S
    dihydro-3-(thioacetyl)-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 3-Furanacetic acid, 5-decyltetrahydro-alpha-methyl-2-oxo- —— C17H30O4
    3-Furanacetic acid, 5-decyltetrahydro-alpha-methyl-2-oxo-
    —— 6,8a-Epidioxy-4a-methyl-2-oxo-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-2H-1-benzofur —— C10H14O4
    6,8a-Epidioxy-4a-methyl-2-oxo-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-2H-1-benzofur
    —— 2-Methyl-2-hydroxy-decalin-4a-carboxyic acid, 2,4a-lactone —— C12H18O2
    2-Methyl-2-hydroxy-decalin-4a-carboxyic acid, 2,4a-lactone
    —— 2-Oxatricyclo[5.5.0.04,10]dodeca-5,8,11-trien-3-one —— C11H10O2
    2-Oxatricyclo[5.5.0.04,10]dodeca-5,8,11-trien-3-one
    —— 4-Oxatricyclo[6.3.0.0(2,6)]undecan-5-one-1-carboxylic acid, 10-methylene-, methyl ester —— C13H16O4
    4-Oxatricyclo[6.3.0.0(2,6)]undecan-5-one-1-carboxylic acid, 10-methylene-, methyl ester
    —— 3-Benzyl-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-6-phenyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester —— C22H22O5
    3-Benzyl-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-6-phenyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— 3,3-diacetyl-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C8H10O4
    3,3-diacetyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 1-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)ethylurea —— C7H10N2O3
    1-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)ethylurea
    —— Perhydro-2-oxo-3-stearoylfuran —— C22H40O3
    Perhydro-2-oxo-3-stearoylfuran
    —— Methyl 1-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-carboxylate —— C9H10O4
    Methyl 1-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-carboxylate
    —— 2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbonitrile 69247-10-5 C7H9NO2
    2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbonitrile
    —— Comarin, 3,4,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydro-6,8a-epidioxy-4a,6-dimethyl- —— C11H14O4
    Comarin, 3,4,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydro-6,8a-epidioxy-4a,6-dimethyl-
    —— Norketone —— C14H20O3
    Norketone
    —— 3-Oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-2-one, 7-methylene-6,6-dimethyl- —— C10H14O2
    3-Oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-2-one, 7-methylene-6,6-dimethyl-
    —— 1-Methyl-3-oxo-1-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carbonitrile —— C17H19NO2
    1-Methyl-3-oxo-1-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carbonitrile
    —— 7,7-Dimethyl-9-oxatricyclo[6.2.2.0(1,6)]dodecan-10-one —— C13H20O2
    7,7-Dimethyl-9-oxatricyclo[6.2.2.0(1,6)]dodecan-10-one
    —— 2H,5H-Pyrano[4,3-b]pyran-5-carboxylic acid, 5-chloro-3,4,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydro-7-oxo-8-phenyl-, methyl ester —— C16H17ClO5
    2H,5H-Pyrano[4,3-b]pyran-5-carboxylic acid, 5-chloro-3,4,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydro-7-oxo-8-phenyl-, methyl ester
    —— Methyl 1-chloro-3-oxo-4-phenyl-1,3,4,4a,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-carboxylate —— C16H15ClO4
    Methyl 1-chloro-3-oxo-4-phenyl-1,3,4,4a,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-carboxylate
    —— 2-Oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-3-one, 8,9-dihydroxy-4-methyl-, cis- —— C9H14O4
    2-Oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-3-one, 8,9-dihydroxy-4-methyl-, cis-
    —— 5-(3-phenylprop-1-enyl)oxolan-2-one —— C13H14O2
    5-(3-phenylprop-1-enyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— d-Ribonic acid, gamma-lactone, cyclic 2,3-(ethylboronate) —— C7H11BO5
    d-Ribonic acid, gamma-lactone, cyclic 2,3-(ethylboronate)
    —— d-Ribono-1,4-lactone, 2,3-O-(ethylboranediyl)-5-O-(trifluoroacetyl)- —— C9H10BF3O6
    d-Ribono-1,4-lactone, 2,3-O-(ethylboranediyl)-5-O-(trifluoroacetyl)-
    —— 2-Oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl- —— C17H19ClO3
    2-Oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-
    —— 4-Ethyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione —— C18H21FO3
    4-Ethyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione
    —— 3-Oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione, 4-methyl-3-phenyl- —— C17H20O3
    3-Oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione, 4-methyl-3-phenyl-
    —— 3-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione —— C18H21BrO3
    3-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione
    —— 2-Oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl- —— C18H21ClO3
    2-Oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-