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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— tridec-5Z-en-4-olide 129908-61-8 C13H22O2
    tridec-5Z-en-4-olide
    —— (1R,4S,5S)6,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3-oxabicyclo(3,1,0)hexan-2-one 79026-47-4 C7H10O3
    (1R,4S,5S)6,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3-oxabicyclo(3,1,0)hexan-2-one
    —— (E)-4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(prop-1-enyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1375003-54-5 C9H14O4
    (E)-4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(prop-1-enyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-butyrolactone 78344-33-9 C6H10O3
    3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-butyrolactone
    —— 4,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2,3-dione 62120-42-7 C6H8O3
    4,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2,3-dione
    —— (4S,6R)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one 374688-99-0 C12H24O4Si
    (4S,6R)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (2S,3R,4R)-3,5-O-(di-tert-butylsilylene)-2-O-(trimethylsilyl)-D-arabino-1,4-lactone 260364-24-7 C16H32O5Si2
    (2S,3R,4R)-3,5-O-(di-tert-butylsilylene)-2-O-(trimethylsilyl)-D-arabino-1,4-lactone
    —— 3-Hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-furan-2,4-dione 130469-62-4 C7H10O4
    3-Hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-furan-2,4-dione
    —— (-)-simplactone B 252722-15-9 C7H12O3
    (-)-simplactone B
    —— (4R,5R)-5-ethyltetrahydro-4-(methoxymethoxy)-2H-2-pyranone 957866-62-5 C9H16O4
    (4R,5R)-5-ethyltetrahydro-4-(methoxymethoxy)-2H-2-pyranone
    —— (2S,2'S,5'R)-(R)-5'-Oxiranyl-tetrahydro-[2,2']bifuranyl-5-one 749917-42-8 C10H14O4
    (2S,2'S,5'R)-(R)-5'-Oxiranyl-tetrahydro-[2,2']bifuranyl-5-one
    —— litsenolide A1 38965-57-0 C17H28O3
    litsenolide A1
    —— 3-<(α-methylamino)ethylidene>-2H-pyran-2-one 86921-69-9 C8H13NO2
    3-<(α-methylamino)ethylidene>-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (1R,5R)-5,8,8-Trimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carbonyl bromide 502897-35-0 C11H15BrO3
    (1R,5R)-5,8,8-Trimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carbonyl bromide
    —— 4(R*)-tert-Butyldiphenylsilyloxy-5(S*)-ethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 137360-04-4 C22H28O3Si
    4(R*)-tert-Butyldiphenylsilyloxy-5(S*)-ethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 1-Oxa-spiro[5.6]dodecan-2-one 96517-21-4 C11H18O2
    1-Oxa-spiro[5.6]dodecan-2-one
    —— 3-methyl-5-(bromomethyl)-γ-butyrolactone 1258022-83-1 C6H9BrO2
    3-methyl-5-(bromomethyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 5-Ethoxy-4-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 78920-26-0 C9H16O3
    5-Ethoxy-4-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3-carbonyl-4-isopropyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 96540-44-2 C8H12O4
    3-carbonyl-4-isopropyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-acetoxy-4-isopropyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 96540-10-2 C9H14O4
    3-acetoxy-4-isopropyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-isopropyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 96540-40-8 C10H16O4
    3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-isopropyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-Hydroxy-cycloheptancarbonsaeurelacton 18543-37-8 C8H12O2
    3-Hydroxy-cycloheptancarbonsaeurelacton
    —— (Z)-3-dimethylaminomethylenetetronic acid 79099-26-6 C7H9NO3
    (Z)-3-dimethylaminomethylenetetronic acid
    —— 10α-hydroxy-3-oxo-1,7αH,6,11βH-13-acetyl-guaia-4-en-6,12-olide 1261992-87-3 C17H22O5
    10α-hydroxy-3-oxo-1,7αH,6,11βH-13-acetyl-guaia-4-en-6,12-olide
    —— (5S)-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-(4S)-(3'-phenylpropyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one 271246-01-6 C19H27NO4
    (5S)-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-(4S)-(3'-phenylpropyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (5S)-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-(4R)-(3'-phenylpropyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one 271245-92-2 C19H27NO4
    (5S)-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-(4R)-(3'-phenylpropyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (E)-3-dimethylaminomethylenetetronic acid 79099-14-2 C7H9NO3
    (E)-3-dimethylaminomethylenetetronic acid
    —— β-Nonyl-γ-butyrolacton 137669-61-5 C13H24O2
    β-Nonyl-γ-butyrolacton
    —— β-Heptyl-α-methylen-γ-butyrolacton 137669-67-1 C12H20O2
    β-Heptyl-α-methylen-γ-butyrolacton
    —— (3aR,7S,7aR)-7-tert-Butyl-4-[1-cyano-2,2-dimethyl-prop-(E)-ylidene]-2-dimethylamino-6-oxo-3a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[4,3-d]thiazole-7-carbonitrile 72258-09-4 C19H26N4O2S
    (3aR,7S,7aR)-7-tert-Butyl-4-[1-cyano-2,2-dimethyl-prop-(E)-ylidene]-2-dimethylamino-6-oxo-3a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[4,3-d]thiazole-7-carbonitrile
    —— β-Butyl-α-methylen-γ-butyrolacton 137669-65-9 C9H14O2
    β-Butyl-α-methylen-γ-butyrolacton
    —— 3-methylene-4(R),5(S)-dimethyldihydro-2-furanone 110171-21-6 C7H10O2
    3-methylene-4(R),5(S)-dimethyldihydro-2-furanone
    —— 3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-ethyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 96540-37-3 C9H14O4
    3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-ethyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (4R,5R)-cis-4,5-dihydro-4,5-dimethyl-3-methylene-2(3H)-furanone 82166-52-7 C7H10O2
    (4R,5R)-cis-4,5-dihydro-4,5-dimethyl-3-methylene-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (+)-marmelo lactone A 74133-35-0 C10H14O2
    (+)-marmelo lactone A
    —— (+)-β,γ-dimethyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone 110171-20-5 C7H10O2
    (+)-β,γ-dimethyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 6-hexyl-3-methylenetetrahydropyran-2-one 50800-98-1 C12H20O2
    6-hexyl-3-methylenetetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 3-(4-ethyl-2-methyl-2-(triethylsilylperoxy)hexyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1321200-01-4 C20H40O4Si
    3-(4-ethyl-2-methyl-2-(triethylsilylperoxy)hexyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3R,4S,7S)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-7-[(S)-2-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-propyl]-3-methyl-oxepan-2-one 906560-64-3 C32H50O4Si2
    (3R,4S,7S)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-7-[(S)-2-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-propyl]-3-methyl-oxepan-2-one
    —— methyl (S)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)acetate 1240466-93-6 C30H44O6Si2
    methyl (S)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)acetate
    —— 1-t-butoxy-c-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-c-3-phenyl-r-1-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid lactone 92609-33-1 C16H20O3
    1-t-butoxy-c-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-c-3-phenyl-r-1-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid lactone
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(R)-hydroxy-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<1(S)-hydroxyethyl>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 136432-19-4 C27H46O5Si
    6(R)-<2-<8(R)-hydroxy-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<1(S)-hydroxyethyl>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (S)-5-methyl-5-ethenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 360073-10-5 C7H10O2
    (S)-5-methyl-5-ethenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3S,5S)-3-butyl-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 55091-76-4 C9H16O2
    (3S,5S)-3-butyl-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-(2-bromophenyl)glutaric anhydride 1221962-41-9 C11H9BrO3
    3-(2-bromophenyl)glutaric anhydride
    —— 3-Methylene-5-phenyl-5-thiophen-2-yl-dihydro-furan-2-one 71741-89-4 C15H12O2S
    3-Methylene-5-phenyl-5-thiophen-2-yl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 7,9-carbolactone-7-chloro-3-oxatricyclo<3.3.1.0<sup>6,8</sup>>nonane 135922-84-8 C9H9ClO3
    7,9-carbolactone-7-chloro-3-oxatricyclo<3.3.1.0<sup>6,8</sup>>nonane
    —— 3(S)-amino-γ-butyrolactone hydrobromide 102614-12-0 BrH*C4H7NO2
    3(S)-amino-γ-butyrolactone hydrobromide
    —— methyl (S)-6-(3-oxopropyl)-1-[(1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octylcarbonyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate 666720-64-5 C21H29NO6
    methyl (S)-6-(3-oxopropyl)-1-[(1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octylcarbonyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (R)-6-(3-oxopropyl)-1-[(1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octylcarbonyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate 666720-63-4 C21H29NO6
    methyl (R)-6-(3-oxopropyl)-1-[(1S,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octylcarbonyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate