内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2,4-Dimethyl-3-ethylvalerolacton | 40861-69-6 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | (3aS)-3,3a,5,7a-tetrahydro-2H-furo<3,2-b>pyran-2-one | 115183-65-8 | C7H8O3 |
| —— | (4aR,8aS)-8a-Ethyl-4-methylene-octahydro-isochromen-3-one | 58240-78-1 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | (1R,7R)-3-Oxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dec-8-en-4-one | 54566-21-1 | C9H10O2 |
| —— | 6β-(3-hydroxyprop-1-yl)-1α-<(methoxymethyl)oxy>-5α-methyl-1,2,3,4,4aβ,5,6,8aα-octahydronaphthalene-5β-carboxylic acid ε-lactone | 83220-49-9 | C17H26O4 |
| —— | (8'a<i>S</i>)-2'<i>t</i>,5',8'a-trimethyl-3,4,3',4',6',7',8',8'a-octahydro-(1<i>tO</i>,8'a<i>r</i>)-2'<i>H</i>-spiro[furan-2,1'-naphthalen]-5-one | 132858-85-6 | C16H24O2 |
| —— | (5,16-dioxo-1,4-dioxacyclohexadecan-2-yl)methyl 5-(dimethylamino)pentanoate hydrochloride | 1391428-54-8 | C22H39NO6*ClH |
| —— | 3-Hexyl-5-pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 117378-16-2 | C15H27NO2 |
| —— | 3-C-carboxy-5-deoxy-L-xylitol-3,1-lactone | 87864-00-4 | C6H10O5 |
| —— | α-Fluor-γ-valerolacton | 3885-24-3 | C5H7FO2 |
| —— | (1R,4S,5R,6S)-6-tert-butoxy-5-methyl-4-pivaloyloxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one | 1044593-70-5 | C17H28O5 |
| —— | 2-cyano-3-methyl-valero-γ-lactone | 75568-80-8 | C7H9NO2 |
| —— | (1S,2R,3a'R,6a'R)-2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,4'-cyclopenta[d][1,3]dioxole]-2',6'(5'H)-dione | 876144-06-8 | C16H26O5Si |
| —— | (5-methyl-2-oxo-5-propyltetrahydropyran-3-yl)phosphonic acid diethyl ester | 121726-71-4 | C13H25O5P |
| —— | 3-Dimethylamino-3-hexyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 208048-95-7 | C13H25NO2 |
| —— | (3R,5S)-5-(furan-2-yl)dihydro-3-hydroxyfuran-2(3H)-one | 1383977-30-7 | C8H8O4 |
| —— | 2-Aethyl-2-(γ-brompropyl)-γ-butyrolacton | 50994-90-6 | C9H15BrO2 |
| —— | 121878-66-8 | C14H20O4 | |
| —— | 1,2-dibromo-cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride | 2972-14-7 | C6H4Br2O3 |
| —— | (R)-5-((S)-1-bromoethyl)-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1384163-73-8 | C7H11BrO2 |
| —— | (3aS,8S,9S,9aS,9bS)-6,9-dimethyl-8-phenylmethoxy-3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one | 1294513-69-1 | C21H26O3 |
| —— | (6S,8aS)-6-Hydroxy-8a-methyl-3,4,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-chromen-2-one | 144066-52-4 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | 3-acetyl-4-(2-bromo-vinyl)-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 99180-07-1 | C9H11BrO3 |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-3-pentyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 30410-91-4 | C11H20O3 |
| —— | (2R,3R,6S)-2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-9-methoxy-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.2.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>]nonan-5-one | 61407-67-8 | C15H26O4Si |
| —— | methyl (3aS,4S,5S,7aR)-4-(2-cyanoethyl)-5-methyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | 139599-42-1 | C14H19NO4 |
| —— | 62134-28-5 | C23H25F3O7 | |
| —— | (1R,2R,6S,7R,8S)-2,3,7-Trimethyl-5,11-dioxa-tricyclo[6.2.1.02,6]undecan-4-one | 121878-67-9 | C12H18O3 |
| —— | 38409-92-6 | C16H26O4 | |
| —— | [(2S,3S,4S)-2-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-4-isopropyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl]-acetic acid methyl ester | 127231-89-4 | C27H36O5Si |
| —— | 4,6-O-di-tert-butylsilylidene-2-deoxy-D-lyxo-1,5-hexonolactone | 1157997-31-3 | C14H26O5Si |
| —— | <1R-(1α,6α,7α)>-7-methylphenyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.1.0>heptan-2-one | 145576-47-2 | C13H14O2 |
| —— | 3-(1-Methyl-cyclohexyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 138100-15-9 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | (3S,5R)-3-Allyl-5-iodomethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 130684-40-1 | C8H11IO2 |
| —— | 54878-14-7 | C17H24O4 | |
| —— | 1,3,10-trimethyl-8-oxabicyclo-<5.3.0>-dec-3-en-2,9-dione | 121878-61-3 | C12H16O3 |
| —— | (2S,3R)-2-dimethyl-t-butylsilyloxymethyl-3-vinyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone | 106659-16-9 | C14H24O3Si |
| —— | (4R<sup>*</sup>,5S<sup>*</sup>,6S<sup>*</sup>)-4-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-6-n-propyl-1-oxacyclohexan-2-one | 135973-99-8 | C11H20O3 |
| —— | 7-((3aR,4S,5R,6aR)-4-Hydroxymethyl-1,6-dioxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-5-yl)-heptanoic acid methyl ester | 60220-85-1 | C16H24O6 |
| —— | (3aR,5aR,7aS,7bR)-3a,5a,7a,7b-Tetrahydro-3H-pentaleno[1,6-bc]pyran-2-one | 58434-91-6 | C10H10O2 |
| —— | (1S,2S,3S,6R,7S,9R)-1-Methyl-5-oxo-2-phenylsulfanyl-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.2.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>]nonane-9-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 57199-15-2 | C18H20O4S |
| —— | (4aS,4bR,6aS,8S,10aS,10bS,12aS)-10a,12a-dimethyl-1-oxohexadecahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f]isochromen-8-yl acetate | 60243-97-2 | C21H32O4 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 96239-84-8 | C5H7BrO3 |
| —— | (1RS,2RS,4RS,5SR)-4-bromo-2-phenyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-7-one | 130505-97-4 | C13H13BrO2 |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-2-carboxy-pentansaeure-γ-lacton | 13594-43-9 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-3-phenyloxolan-2-one | 123172-66-7 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 6-bromo-2,3,6-trideoxy-L-threo-hexono-1,4-lactone | 129151-35-5 | C6H9BrO3 |
| —— | 902768-21-2 | C19H32O5Si | |
| —— | Caran-2-spiro-2'-tetrahydrofuran-5'-on | 23445-04-7 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | 134906-70-0 | C14H20O2 |
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