内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (R,Z)-3-butyl-4-pentylideneoxetan-2-one | 898799-30-9 | C12H20O2 |
|
| —— | (E)-3-butyl-4-pentylideneoxetan-2-one | 872631-12-4 | C12H20O2 |
|
| —— | 3β,3aβ,6α,6aβ-Nepetolactone | 58845-57-1 | C9H14O2 |
|
| —— | 3α,3aβ,6α,6aβ-Nepetolactone | 58845-58-2 | C9H14O2 |
|
| —— | 4,7-Methano-1,3-dioxolo(4,5-c)oxepin-6(4H)-one, tetrahydro-2,2-dimethyl- | 4420-12-6 | C10H14O4 |
|
| —— | 4-chloro-5-ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 139086-12-7 | C6H9ClO2 |
|
| —— | 5'-Chloromethyl-5'-hydroxy-2-methyl-tetrahydro-[2,2']bifuranyl-5-one | 85263-94-1 | C10H15ClO4 |
|
| —— | 2-<1-Hydroxy-ethyl>-cyclobutan-1-carbonsaeure-lacton | 2983-99-5 | C7H10O2 |
|
| —— | 3-Methyl-3-((E)-2-nitro-vinyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 114577-86-5 | C8H11NO4 |
|
| —— | (S)-3-Methyl-3-((E)-2-nitro-propenyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 102631-78-7 | C9H13NO4 |
|
| —— | (+)-megislactone | 1033128-17-4 | C31H58O3 |
|
| —— | (4R,6R)-6-{2-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-6-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-8-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-naphthyl]ethyl}tetrahydro-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2H-pyran-2-one | 159225-69-1 | C30H54O5Si2 |
|
| —— | tert-butyl [(1R,3R,4R,5R)-4-bromo-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo-[3.2.0]hept-3-yl]carbamate | 1113025-57-2 | C11H16BrNO4 |
|
| —— | (+)-(3R,5R)-3-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-5-hexanolide | 263369-05-7 | C22H28O3Si |
|
| —— | 5-methyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 35589-61-8 | C6H8O2 |
|
| —— | (+)-(2S,3R,5R)-2,3-dihydroxy-5-hexanolide | 263369-04-6 | C6H10O4 |
|
| —— | 1β,10β-Epoxy-3-oxo-8β-isobutyroxy-4,11(13)-guaiadien-6α,12-olide | 84620-28-0 | C19H22O6 |
|
| —— | 1α,10α-Epoxy-3-oxo-8β-isobutyroxy-4,11(13)-guaiadien-6α,12-olide | 84537-39-3 | C19H22O6 |
|
| —— | Isobutyric acid (3aR,4R,6aS,9bS)-6a,9-dimethyl-3-methylene-2,6,8-trioxo-2,3,3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9b-decahydro-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl ester | 84537-40-6 | C19H22O6 |
|
| —— | 3-fluoro-3-oct-1-ynyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 1092696-47-3 | C12H17FO2 |
|
| —— | (6S)-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-6-hydroxy-7,7-dimethyloxepan-2-one | 332950-50-2 | C14H28O3Si |
|
| —— | methyl 3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.1>non-7-ene-5-carboxylate | 114584-52-0 | C10H12O4 |
|
| —— | 3,3,5,5-Tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione | 86096-13-1 | C9H14O3 |
|
| —— | 1,2-dimethyl-cyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride | 26607-00-1 | C9H12O3 |
|
| —— | ((3aR,4R,6aS)-2-Oxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-yl)-acetic acid | 53320-29-9 | C9H12O4 |
|
| —— | 5-Methyl-5-(1-methyl-cyclopropyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 68157-84-6 | C9H14O2 |
|
| —— | (3S,4R,5R)-3-Dodecyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 385842-94-4 | C17H32O3 |
|
| —— | (4S,5S)-3-Hexadec-(E)-ylidene-4-methoxymethoxy-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 303008-43-7 | C23H42O4 |
|
| —— | (4S,5S)-3-Hexadec-2-yn-(E)-ylidene-4-methoxymethoxy-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 303008-45-9 | C23H38O4 |
|
| —— | (3S,4aS,7R,7aS,10R,11aR)-3,7,10-trimethyl-7,7a,8,9,10,11-hexahydro-4aH-[1,2,4]trioxino[6,5-j]isochromen-6-one | 120354-72-5 | C13H20O5 |
|
| —— | 4-Bromo-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid | 2525-52-2 | C8H9BrO4 |
|
| —— | α,β,β,γ-Tetramethyl-γ-valerolacton | 39922-59-3 | C9H16O2 |
|
| —— | 36269-13-3 | C14H18O4 |
|
|
| —— | 2-Ethyliden-3-methyl-γ-butyrolacton | 51552-40-0 | C7H10O2 |
|
| —— | (S)-3-Eth-(E)-ylidene-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 141979-32-0 | C7H10O2 |
|
| —— | oxacycloundec-9-en-2-one | 344308-75-4 | C10H16O2 |
|
| —— | (E)-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(8-(methoxymethoxy)octylidene)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate | 1219016-30-4 | C21H36O7 |
|
| —— | (4aS,7aR)-5-<(E)-trimethylsilylmethylene>octahydrocyclopenta<b>pyran-2-one | 144786-58-3 | C12H20O2Si |
|
| —— | (4aS,7aR)-5-<(Z)-trimethylsilylmethylene>octahydrocyclopenta<b>pyran-2-one | 144708-93-0 | C12H20O2Si |
|
| —— | Methanesulfonic acid 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-7-oxo-oxepan-4-yl ester | 86838-59-7 | C11H20O5S |
|
| —— | Dihydrochrysanthemolacton | 22841-82-3 | C10H16O2 |
|
| —— | 5,5-diethyldihydro-2-oxofuran-3-carboxaldehyde | 1322113-53-0 | C9H14O3 |
|
| —— | (3R,4R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 155975-07-8 | C14H26O5Si |
|
| —— | (3S,4R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 155882-38-5 | C14H26O5Si |
|
| —— | 5-methyl-4-n-pentyl-7-triisopropylsislyl-cis-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-2-one | 1372629-77-0 | C21H38O2Si |
|
| —— | 3-(2-bromoethyl)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)octanoic acid lactone | 203931-68-4 | C12H21BrO2 |
|
| —— | 5-methyl-4-n-pentyl-7-triisopropylsislyl-cis-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-2-one | 1372629-78-1 | C21H38O2Si |
|
| —— | 5-methyl-4-n-pentyl-7-trimethylsislyl-cis-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-2-one | 1372629-70-3 | C15H26O2Si |
|
| —— | 5-methyl-4-n-pentyl-7-trimethylsislyl-cis-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-2-one | 1372629-69-0 | C15H26O2Si |
|
| —— | (3R,3aR,9aS,9bR)-3,6-Dimethyl-9-methylene-3-phenylselanyl-3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one | 90807-58-2 | C21H24O2Se |
|
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