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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 9-Octyloxonan-2-one —— C16H30O2
    9-Octyloxonan-2-one
    —— 5-isobutyl-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C9H16O2
    5-isobutyl-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (1R,10R,12S,14R,17S)-8-chloro-5-[(1E,3E)-3,5-dimethylhepta-1,3-dienyl]-12-methoxy-10,14-dimethyl-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,17]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione —— C26H31ClO6
    (1R,10R,12S,14R,17S)-8-chloro-5-[(1E,3E)-3,5-dimethylhepta-1,3-dienyl]-12-methoxy-10,14-dimethyl-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,17]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione
    —— (3R,8aR)-3-(12-hydroxyhexadecoxy)-5-methyl-3-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one —— C23H41O7P
    (3R,8aR)-3-(12-hydroxyhexadecoxy)-5-methyl-3-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one
    —— (1E)-13-hydroxy-6-methyl-16-oxatetracyclo[13.2.2.03,11.04,8]nonadeca-1,9-diene-7,17,18-trione —— C19H22O5
    (1E)-13-hydroxy-6-methyl-16-oxatetracyclo[13.2.2.03,11.04,8]nonadeca-1,9-diene-7,17,18-trione
    —— potassium;[(5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate —— C6H8KO9P
    potassium;[(5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate
    —— 5-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-3-(3-trimethylsilylpropoxy)oxolane-2,4-dione —— C12H22O6Si
    5-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-3-(3-trimethylsilylpropoxy)oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (3R,4S)-4-[(2S,5R,7S,8R)-2-[(5S)-5-[(3S)-5-[(3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl]-3-methyloxolan-2-yl]-5-ethyloxolan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-1,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl]-3-methoxy-2-methylpentanoic acid —— C35H58O10
    (3R,4S)-4-[(2S,5R,7S,8R)-2-[(5S)-5-[(3S)-5-[(3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl]-3-methyloxolan-2-yl]-5-ethyloxolan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-1,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl]-3-methoxy-2-methylpentanoic acid
    —— [(1S,3R,7S,8S)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate;2-methylpropan-2-amine —— C28H47NO5
    [(1S,3R,7S,8S)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate;2-methylpropan-2-amine
    —— [(1S,3S,4aR,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-3-[(E)-3-methylbut-1-enyl]-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C29H46O5
    [(1S,3S,4aR,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-3-[(E)-3-methylbut-1-enyl]-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— [(1S,3R,7S,8aR)-8-[[(2R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]methyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C24H36O5
    [(1S,3R,7S,8aR)-8-[[(2R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]methyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— Dipotassium;[5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl] hydrogen sulfate —— C6H8K2O9S+2
    Dipotassium;[5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl] hydrogen sulfate
    —— (5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxyoxolane-2,3-dione —— C6H8O6
    (5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxyoxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-amine;[(1S,3R,7S,8S)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate —— C29H49NO5
    2,2-dimethylpropan-1-amine;[(1S,3R,7S,8S)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— (3R,5R)-5-[(3R)-3-[(1R,3aR,4E,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]butyl]-3-methyl-3-trimethylsilyloxyoxolan-2-one —— C23H39BrO3Si
    (3R,5R)-5-[(3R)-3-[(1R,3aR,4E,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]butyl]-3-methyl-3-trimethylsilyloxyoxolan-2-one
    —— [(1S,7R,8R)-8-[2-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C25H36O6
    [(1S,7R,8R)-8-[2-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— [(1S,3S,6R)-2-[2-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3-methyl-6-propylcyclohexyl]methyl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C24H42O5
    [(1S,3S,6R)-2-[2-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3-methyl-6-propylcyclohexyl]methyl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione;manganese(2+) —— C12H16MnO12+2
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione;manganese(2+)
    —— 6-Cyclopentyl-6-(2-thiazol-2-ylethynyl)tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione —— C15H15NO3S
    6-Cyclopentyl-6-(2-thiazol-2-ylethynyl)tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione
    —— (3E)-3-[2-[(1S)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C16H24O2
    (3E)-3-[2-[(1S)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-ethylpropiolactone —— C5H8O2
    4-ethylpropiolactone
    —— [(1R,7S,8S,8aR)-2-hydroxy-8-[2-[(2R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 3,3-dimethylbutanoate —— C25H38O6
    [(1R,7S,8S,8aR)-2-hydroxy-8-[2-[(2R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 3,3-dimethylbutanoate
    —— [(1S,7S,8S,8aR)-3,3-difluoro-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate —— C23H32F2O5
    [(1S,7S,8S,8aR)-3,3-difluoro-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— zinc;(5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxyoxolane-2,3-dione —— C12H16O12Zn+2
    zinc;(5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxyoxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 4-[4-[(2S,4R)-4-ethenyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl]butyl]benzenecarboximidamide —— C18H24N2O2
    4-[4-[(2S,4R)-4-ethenyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl]butyl]benzenecarboximidamide
    —— 5-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-4-(trimethylsilylmethoxy)oxolane-2,3-dione —— C10H18O6Si
    5-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-4-(trimethylsilylmethoxy)oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 5-oxo-4-oxa-5-homoadamantane-1-yl methacrylate 348596-87-2 C14H18O4
    5-oxo-4-oxa-5-homoadamantane-1-yl methacrylate
    —— (2R,4R,5S,7S,9S,12R,14R)-7,12-dimethyl-3,6,10,15-tetraoxapentacyclo[12.2.1.02,4.05,7.09,13]heptadec-1(17)-ene-11,16-dione —— C15H16O6
    (2R,4R,5S,7S,9S,12R,14R)-7,12-dimethyl-3,6,10,15-tetraoxapentacyclo[12.2.1.02,4.05,7.09,13]heptadec-1(17)-ene-11,16-dione
    —— [5-(1,3-Dihydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl] propan-2-yl carbonate —— C11H16O8
    [5-(1,3-Dihydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl] propan-2-yl carbonate
    —— [5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl] hydrogen sulfate —— C6H8O9S
    [5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl] hydrogen sulfate
    —— [(1S,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate —— C24H36O5
    [(1S,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— [(1S,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate;2-methylpropan-2-amine —— C27H45NO5
    [(1S,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate;2-methylpropan-2-amine
    —— 6-Oxo Simvastatin —— C25H36O6
    6-Oxo Simvastatin
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(E)-3-(3-methyloxiran-2-yl)prop-2-enoyl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H14O6
    3-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(E)-3-(3-methyloxiran-2-yl)prop-2-enoyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C13H18O3Si
    (4R,5S)-4-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— [(3Z,11Z,16Z)-8,14,18-trihydroxy-19-(4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl)nonadeca-1,3,11,16-tetraen-6-yl] carbamate —— C25H39NO8
    [(3Z,11Z,16Z)-8,14,18-trihydroxy-19-(4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl)nonadeca-1,3,11,16-tetraen-6-yl] carbamate
    —— 8-chloro-5-[(1E,3E)-3,5-dimethylhepta-1,3-dienyl]-12-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,17]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione —— C25H29ClO6
    8-chloro-5-[(1E,3E)-3,5-dimethylhepta-1,3-dienyl]-12-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,17]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione
    —— [(1S,3S,4aR,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-3-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]-2,4,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C28H44O5
    [(1S,3S,4aR,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-3-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]-2,4,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— methyl (2R)-2-[[(1S,4aR,5R,8aS)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]methoxy]-2-[(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C22H34O6
    methyl (2R)-2-[[(1S,4aR,5R,8aS)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]methoxy]-2-[(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate
    —— 5-[(3R,3aR,6aS)-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-3-yl]pentanimidamide —— C12H20N2O2
    5-[(3R,3aR,6aS)-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-3-yl]pentanimidamide
    —— (3S)-3-hydroxyoxetan-2-one —— C3H4O3
    (3S)-3-hydroxyoxetan-2-one
    —— [(E)-1-[(3R,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C9H15N3O2S
    [(E)-1-[(3R,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2S,4R)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C11H19N3O2S
    [(Z)-1-[(2S,4R)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-N-[(E)-1-(4-methylphenyl)ethylideneamino]-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C19H24N2O3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-N-[(E)-1-(4-methylphenyl)ethylideneamino]-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(E)-pyridin-2-ylmethylideneamino]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H19N3O3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(E)-pyridin-2-ylmethylideneamino]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-[(E)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C18H21FN2O3
    N-[(E)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-[(E)-(4-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H19ClN2O3
    N-[(E)-(4-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(E)-pyridin-3-ylmethylideneamino]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H19N3O3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(E)-pyridin-3-ylmethylideneamino]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— [(E)-[2-amino-1-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]amino] 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C16H19N3O5S
    [(E)-[2-amino-1-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]amino] 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (2E)-2-[1-(3,8-dimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]non-3-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide —— C12H17N3O4S
    (2E)-2-[1-(3,8-dimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]non-3-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide