内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (R)-3-[12-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-2-oxo-dodecyl]-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 144487-55-8 | C33H48O4Si |
| —— | 6-Oxo-7-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>oct-2-en-4-ol | 58298-63-8 | C7H8O3 |
| —— | (4S,5R)-5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-4-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 176246-90-5 | C27H40O4Si2 |
| —— | 4-Oxatricyclo<5.2.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>>undec-8-en-3-on-5-ol | 56232-14-5 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | (2R,4R,5S)-2-(2-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5-<(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)amino>-7-methyloctanoic acid δ-lactone | 103335-85-9 | C17H31NO4 |
| —— | DL-1β-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-2α-(2-hydroxy-propyl)-4β-hydroxy-4bβ-methyl-7-ethylendioxy-1.2.3.4.4aα.4b.5.6.7.8.10.10aβ-dodecahydrophenanthren-2β-carbonsaeure-(2->4)lacton | 106301-48-8 | C23H34O6 |
| —— | (1R,5R,8R)-8-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 870288-20-3 | C12H19NO4 |
| —— | [(S)-1-((S)-5-Oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-pentyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 129778-93-4 | C14H25NO4 |
| —— | Hexahydro-protogentiogenin | 3735-51-1 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | 6-Hydroxy-1,6-dimethyl-norbornan-2,3-dicarbonsaeure-2-lacton | 93351-71-4 | C11H14O4 |
| —— | (S)-5-[3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-propyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 186605-35-6 | C15H30O5Si |
| —— | (1α,3aβ,6aβ)-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro-2-hydroxy-1,3a,6a-trimethyl-pentalen-1-propanoic acid lactone | 72312-05-1 | C14H20O2 |
| —— | Methyl 4-but-3-enyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate | 1184870-95-8 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | 6,13-dioxa-dispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradecane-7,14-dione | 20159-19-7 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | (1S,5R,6S)-6-Phenyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione | 25370-61-0 | C11H8O3 |
| —— | 3-[1-Dimethylamino-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-4-methyl-4-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 313219-82-8 | C14H17NO2 |
| —— | 4-(3-hydroxy-butyl)-5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 14360-65-7 | C10H18O3 |
| —— | Methanesulfonic acid (3aS,6S,6aS,9S,9aS,9bR)-9-hydroxy-6,9a-dimethyl-2-oxo-dodecahydro-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-3-ylmethyl ester | 81987-71-5 | C16H26O6S |
| —— | (3S,5S)-3-butyl-5-isopropyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1613041-46-5 | C12H22O2 |
| —— | 3-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1268465-21-9 | C16H21BO4 |
| —— | 5-benzyl-4-methyl-3-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 56075-28-6 | C18H18O2 |
| —— | 4-[1-Cyclohexyl-meth-(E)-ylidene]-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 107597-77-3 | C14H18O2 |
| —— | (3S)-3-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)methyl]-5,5-dimethyldihydrofuran-2-one | 864915-01-5 | C23H30O3Si |
| —— | 1-Chlor-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-phthalsaeureanhydrid | 102308-80-5 | C8H7ClO3 |
| —— | (3aβ,4aα,5α,9aβ)-3a,4,4a,5,6,7,8,9a-octahydro-4a,5-dimethylnaphtho<2,3-b>furan-2(3H)-one | 80594-82-7 | C14H20O2 |
| —— | 3-Oct-1-ynyl-3-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one | 1052691-17-4 | C15H22O2 |
| —— | trans-3H,3αH,7αH-4-dichloromethyl-4-methyl-2,7-benzofurandione | 136848-59-4 | C10H10Cl2O3 |
| —— | trans,trans-(5S)-5-<9'-(2'',3''-dihydroxycyclohexyl)-3'-nonenyl>-3-methylenetetrahydro-2-furanone | 114423-68-6 | C20H32O4 |
| —— | 4-Oxatetracyclo<5.3.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>,0<sup>8,10</sup>>dodec-11-en-3-on-5-ol | 56232-18-9 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | D-Glucoron-dibenzylmercaptal | 102628-98-8 | C20H22O5S2 |
| —— | Neomexicanin I-acetat | 10410-42-1 | C17H20O5 |
| —— | dithieno[3,4-c:8,9-c']bicyclo[4.4.1]undeca-3,8-diene-11-one | 916079-69-1 | C15H14OS2 |
| —— | (4aR)-8c-methyl-7,11-dioxo-(4bt,8ac)-decahydro-4ar,9ac-[1]oxapropano-fluorene-9c-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 98783-68-7 | C18H24O5 |
| —— | 1254212-70-8 | C18H31NO6 | |
| —— | (7R,8S)-8-Ethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[5.2.0]non-1(9)-en-2-one | 79405-42-8 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 3a-bromo-8a-hydroxy-tetrahydro-azeto[2,1-<i>b</i>]furo[3,4-<i>d</i>][1,3]thiazine-1,7-dione | 123673-16-5 | C8H8BrNO4S |
| —— | 3-(cyclopropylmethenyl)-4-(3'-methylbuta-1',2'-dienyl)-5-phenylfuran-2(5H)-one | 1033107-27-5 | C19H20O2 |
| —— | 7(R)-pentylheptanolide | 133576-88-2 | C12H22O2 |
| —— | 91492-11-4 | C9H10O3 | |
| —— | 3,3-Dichloro-1-oxa-spiro[3.7]undecan-2-one | 133611-54-8 | C10H14Cl2O2 |
| —— | (3aS,4R)-4-Isopropenyl-3-oxo-4,6a-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-3a-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 115821-59-5 | C13H16O4 |
| —— | (3aS,4R,6aR)-2-oxo-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-thieno[3,4-b]furan-4-carbaldehyde | 127309-16-4 | C7H8O3S |
| —— | 6-p-tolyl-3,4,4a,5-tetrahydroisochromen-1-one | 1259057-06-1 | C16H16O2 |
| —— | (3-(1-methylamino)ethylidene)furan-2,4(5H)-dione | 1254960-41-2 | C7H9NO3 |
| —— | (3aS,3bS,4aS,5aR,8S,8bS)-5a,8a-Dimethyl-2,5-dioxo-dodecahydro-3,4-dioxa-cyclopropa[a]phenalene-8-carboxylic acid | 97407-72-2 | C15H18O6 |
| —— | (3S,3aR,3bS,6aR,6bS)-3-Methyl-3a,3b,6a,6b-tetrahydro-3H-4,6-dioxa-1,2-diaza-cyclobutadicyclopenten-5-one | 126108-38-1 | C7H8N2O3 |
| —— | (4aS,7aR)-5-methyleneoctahydrocyclopenta<b>pyran-2-one | 144708-94-1 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | (2aR,5aR,6S,7R,8aS)-6,7,8b-Trimethyl-6-[2-oxo-2-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-ethyl]-decahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one | 132215-33-9 | C20H30O4 |
| —— | 2-Oxo-5-vinyl-octahydro-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid benzyl ester | 65460-97-1 | C18H20O4 |
| —— | 19:8-Lacton des 8-Hydroxy-19β-carboxy-3-oxo-20α-carbamoyl-21-nor-pregnen-(4) | 102239-97-4 | C20H25NO4 |
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