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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-4-[(E)-hept-1-enyl]-3-methyl-5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 807346-11-8 C17H30O2
    (3R,4S,5S)-4-[(E)-hept-1-enyl]-3-methyl-5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3S,4S,5S)-4-[(E)-hept-1-enyl]-3-methyl-5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 807346-06-1 C17H30O2
    (3S,4S,5S)-4-[(E)-hept-1-enyl]-3-methyl-5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— bicyclo<2.2.0>hex-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride —— C8H6O3
    bicyclo<2.2.0>hex-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride
    —— 9-Butanoyl-7-oxa-1,4-dithiaspiro[4.5]decan-6-one 89665-13-4 C11H16O3S2
    9-Butanoyl-7-oxa-1,4-dithiaspiro[4.5]decan-6-one
    —— Trans-6-(3-phenylpropyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one 191596-48-2 C14H18O3
    Trans-6-(3-phenylpropyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (+)-(S,S,S)-3-(3-phenylpropan-1-ol)-4-hexyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2-one 1430413-28-7 C20H30O3
    (+)-(S,S,S)-3-(3-phenylpropan-1-ol)-4-hexyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 2-hydroxy-3,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-γ-butyrolactone 86230-34-4 C6H10O5
    2-hydroxy-3,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 2-[(2S,3R)-3-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]acetaldehyde 118544-84-6 C7H10O3
    2-[(2S,3R)-3-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]acetaldehyde
    —— (4S,5R,6S)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-one 847659-82-9 C12H24O4Si
    (4S,5R,6S)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-one
    —— (2R,4S)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-2-trifluoromethylpentan-4-olide 307298-18-6 C12H21F3O3Si
    (2R,4S)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-2-trifluoromethylpentan-4-olide
    —— Dihydroosmundalacton 54621-89-5 C6H10O3
    Dihydroosmundalacton
    —— (E)-2<(methoxycarbonyl)(trimethylsilyl)methylidene>-4-methyl-γ-butyrolactone 131067-18-0 C11H18O4Si
    (E)-2<(methoxycarbonyl)(trimethylsilyl)methylidene>-4-methyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (E)-<(methoxycarbonyl)(trimethylsilyl)methylidene>-γ-butyrolactone 131078-78-9 C10H16O4Si
    (E)-<(methoxycarbonyl)(trimethylsilyl)methylidene>-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-one 123287-36-5 C5H8O5
    (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— (4R,6R)-trans-4,6-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 52950-01-3 C7H12O2
    (4R,6R)-trans-4,6-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— methyl (2R)-2-[(2S,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl]propanoate 69736-39-6 C11H18O4
    methyl (2R)-2-[(2S,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl]propanoate
    —— (3S,4S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-phenyltetrahydropyran-2-one 765941-01-3 C11H12O4
    (3S,4S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-phenyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 3'-methylenespiro<adamantane-2,2'-oxetan>-4'-one 126255-70-7 C13H16O2
    3'-methylenespiro<adamantane-2,2'-oxetan>-4'-one
    —— (2R,4R)-(-)-4-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl-2-fluoro-γ-butyrolactone 398133-29-4 C21H25FO3Si
    (2R,4R)-(-)-4-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl-2-fluoro-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (2S,4S)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-2-trifluoromethylpentan-4-olide 307298-19-7 C12H21F3O3Si
    (2S,4S)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-2-trifluoromethylpentan-4-olide
    —— (2R,4S/2S,4S)-5-hydroxy-2-trifluoromethylpentan-4-olide 307298-17-5 C6H7F3O3
    (2R,4S/2S,4S)-5-hydroxy-2-trifluoromethylpentan-4-olide
    —— (4R,6R)-6-((R,E)-2,2,7,10,10,11,11-heptamethyl-3,3-diphenyl-4,9-dioxa-3,10-disiladodec-6-en-5-yl)-4-methoxy-tetrahydropyran-2-one 920034-25-9 C33H50O5Si2
    (4R,6R)-6-((R,E)-2,2,7,10,10,11,11-heptamethyl-3,3-diphenyl-4,9-dioxa-3,10-disiladodec-6-en-5-yl)-4-methoxy-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 3-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-γ-butyrolactone 125757-22-4 C11H22O3Si
    3-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (E)-α-benzylidene-γ-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone 94540-79-1 C17H14O2
    (E)-α-benzylidene-γ-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 5-methyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one 82578-24-3 C7H10O2
    5-methyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one
    —— 5-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one 59664-81-2 C7H10O2
    5-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one
    —— 4,4-dimethyl-5(1'-hydroxyisobutyl)butyrolactone 82471-28-1 C10H18O3
    4,4-dimethyl-5(1'-hydroxyisobutyl)butyrolactone
    —— 3-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-1-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-2-one 110811-05-7 C12H18O4
    3-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-1-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-2-one
    —— 13-Hydroxymarasm-7(8)-en-5-oic acid γ-lactone 141947-36-6 C15H20O2
    13-Hydroxymarasm-7(8)-en-5-oic acid γ-lactone
    —— 3-<3-Chlor-phenyl>-glutarsaeure-anhydrid 4759-62-0 C11H9ClO3
    3-<3-Chlor-phenyl>-glutarsaeure-anhydrid
    —— 2S,4S-2-methyl-4-phenylbutyrolactone 130856-89-2 C11H12O2
    2S,4S-2-methyl-4-phenylbutyrolactone
    —— (4R)-3,4-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 377724-83-9 C7H12O2
    (4R)-3,4-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-3-methoxycarbonylamino-4-phenyl-4-butanolide 115109-35-8 C12H13NO4
    (3S,4R)-3-methoxycarbonylamino-4-phenyl-4-butanolide
    —— methyl 3-[(2R)-2-methyl-7-oxooxepan-2-yl]propanoate 183477-44-3 C11H18O4
    methyl 3-[(2R)-2-methyl-7-oxooxepan-2-yl]propanoate
    —— 5-(iodomethyl)-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 183370-67-4 C11H11IO2
    5-(iodomethyl)-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (2R)-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-4-butyrolactone 188854-71-9 C10H10O3
    (2R)-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-4-butyrolactone
    —— 5,8-Dihydroxy-1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-<1>naphthoesaeure-1->8-lacton 91143-13-4 C11H12O3
    5,8-Dihydroxy-1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-<1>naphthoesaeure-1->8-lacton
    —— 4-propyl-ε-caprolactone 859527-01-8 C9H16O2
    4-propyl-ε-caprolactone
    —— trans-dihydro-4-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone —— C6H10O3
    trans-dihydro-4-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 3,3-dimethylhexahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-1-one 101046-08-6 C9H14O2
    3,3-dimethylhexahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-1-one
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 41809-76-1 C12H18O4
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— (1<i>R</i>)-1-bromo-2,2,3<i>t</i>-trimethyl-cyclopentane-1<i>r</i>,3<i>c</i>-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride 10333-96-7 C10H13BrO3
    (1<i>R</i>)-1-bromo-2,2,3<i>t</i>-trimethyl-cyclopentane-1<i>r</i>,3<i>c</i>-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride
    —— (1R,5S)-1-bromo-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione 10333-96-7 C10H13BrO3
    (1R,5S)-1-bromo-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-(1-cyclohexenyl)butanolide 78344-51-1 C10H14O2
    3-(1-cyclohexenyl)butanolide
    —— 2H-Pyran-2-one, tetrahydro-5,5-dimethyl-6-[(triphenylsilyl)methyl]- 185750-31-6 C26H28O2Si
    2H-Pyran-2-one, tetrahydro-5,5-dimethyl-6-[(triphenylsilyl)methyl]-
    —— (6R)-5,5-dimethyl-6-(triphenylsilylmethyl)oxan-2-one 214768-77-1 C26H28O2Si
    (6R)-5,5-dimethyl-6-(triphenylsilylmethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— (-)-(4S,6R)-6-[furan-3-yl]-4-hydroxytetrahydropyran-2-one 212969-21-6 C9H10O4
    (-)-(4S,6R)-6-[furan-3-yl]-4-hydroxytetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (1R,2S,5R)-2-amino-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 98442-31-0 C7H11NO2
    (1R,2S,5R)-2-amino-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— [4R(E),4aS,7E,11aR]-7-methyl-11-methylene-4-(4-methylpent-2-enyl)-4,4a,5,6,9,10,11,11a-octahydro-1H-cyclonona[c]pyran-3-one 320755-17-7 C20H30O2
    [4R(E),4aS,7E,11aR]-7-methyl-11-methylene-4-(4-methylpent-2-enyl)-4,4a,5,6,9,10,11,11a-octahydro-1H-cyclonona[c]pyran-3-one
    —— 6-(5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)hex-5-ynal 1189152-48-4 C10H12O3
    6-(5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)hex-5-ynal