内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (4aS,8aR)-8a-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-octahydro-isochromen-3-one | 58240-85-0 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | (4S,6S)-4,6-dimethyl-5-methylideneoxepan-2-one | 862424-22-4 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 1191927-94-2 | C18H22O7 | |
| —— | (3S,5S)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1613041-25-0 | C12H13ClO2 |
| —— | (1S,5R,6R)-6-Methoxy-8-piperidin-1-yl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one | 136713-57-0 | C13H21NO3 |
| —— | (3aR,6aS)-3a-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-tetrahydro-furo[2,3-b]furan-3-one | 122653-80-9 | C12H22O4Si |
| —— | 5-ethyl-3-(2-hydroxy-butyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 65668-71-5 | C10H18O3 |
| —— | 4-(5,5-Dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydro-3-furanyliden)-imidazolidin-2,5-dion | 91101-05-2 | C9H10N2O4 |
| —— | (3-Oxo-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester | 65276-79-1 | C10H12O4 |
| —— | (E)-α-heptylidene-δ,δ-dimethyl-δ-lactone | 1206613-91-3 | C14H24O2 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,6aS)-4-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2,5-dione | 84786-91-4 | C24H28O4Si |
| —— | (+/-)-neo-δ-Quinide | 135558-84-8 | C7H10O5 |
| —— | (1S,4S,5R)-4-Benzyl-2-oxo-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylic acid | 161870-18-4 | C13H12O4 |
| —— | methyl 1-(4-bromophenyl)-4-methyl-3,5-dioxo-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-4-carboxylate | 1240483-05-9 | C19H21BrO5 |
| —— | 4-hydroxy-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid | 120409-56-5 | C8H10O5 |
| —— | rel-(S)-2-<(S)-tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furyl>pyrrolidine | 141054-56-0 | C8H13NO2 |
| —— | (3<i>S</i>,6<i>E</i>)-5<i>c</i>-acetoxy-4<i>t</i>-((2<i>R</i>)-2,3<i>c</i>-dimethyl-oxirane-<i>r</i>-carbonyloxy)-10<i>c</i>,11<i>t</i>-epoxy-7,10<i>t</i>-dimethyl-2-oxo-(3<i>r</i><i>N</i>,3a<i>c</i>,11a<i>t</i>)-3a,4,5,8,9,10,11,11a,4',5'-decahydro-spiro[cyclodeca[<i>b</i>]furan-3,3'-pyrazole]-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 38231-01-5 | C25H32N2O10 |
| —— | 2-(2-methyl-2-formyl)ethyl-4-propoxymethylbutanolide | 945738-28-3 | C12H20O4 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,6aS)-4-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2,5-dione | 84786-91-4 | C24H28O4Si |
| —— | (4R<sup>*</sup>,5S<sup>*</sup>)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-phenyl-1-oxacycloheptan-2-one | 135974-29-7 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | [(1S,6S)-6-Methyl-6-((3R,4S)-4-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-cyclohex-2-enyl]-acetic acid methyl ester | 64190-41-6 | C15H22O4 |
| —— | (-)5S,6S,9R-6-isopropyl-9-methyl-2-oxaspiro<4,4>nonan-3-one | 141621-56-9 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | 4-Oxo-2-methyl-2-ethyl-5-ethyliden-tetrahydrofuran | 2435-20-3 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 7-Allyl-oxacycloundecane-2,6-dione | 76334-23-1 | C13H20O3 |
| —— | 3,3-difluoro-5-(iodomethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1256080-97-3 | C5H5F2IO2 |
| —— | 5-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-2,3-O-thiocarbonyl-D-ribono-1,4-lactone | 157453-66-2 | C12H20O5SSi |
| —— | tert-butyl {(1S)-2-hydroxy-1-[(2S,4S)-4-isopropyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl]ethyl}carbamate | 1056681-10-7 | C14H25NO5 |
| —— | (2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)methylmercury(1+);acetate | 82323-00-0 | C8H12HgO4 |
| —— | 5,12,19-Triiodo-1,8,15-trioxa-cyclohenicosane-2,9,16-trione | 129352-66-5 | C18H27I3O6 |
| —— | (3aS,6aS)-6a-Methyl-2-oxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-3-carboxylic acid | 67751-97-7 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | 3-[1-Chloro-meth-(E)-ylidene]-4,5,5-trimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 128071-62-5 | C8H11ClO2 |
| —— | {Pt(trans-(R,R-1,2-diaminocyclohexane))(ascorbate-C(2),O(5))}*3H2O | 91897-69-7 | C12H20N2O6Pt*3H2O |
| —— | (3S,3aS,5R,7aS)-5-Isopropyl-3,7a-dimethyl-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 127232-12-6 | C13H22O2 |
| —— | (3S,4S,6S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-pentyltetrahydropyran-2-one | 765941-84-2 | C10H18O4 |
| —— | (3aR<sup>*</sup>,8aR<sup>*</sup>)-2(R<sup>*</sup>)-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxotetrahydrofuro<3,2-b>oxepane | 133870-07-2 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | 4-diethoxymethyl-3,3-dimethylbutyrolactone | 90617-73-5 | C11H20O4 |
| —— | (1R,7R,8S)-8-Methyl-10-oxa-tricyclo[5.4.2.01,6]tridec-2-en-11-one | 99474-47-2 | C13H18O2 |
| —— | 5,5-dimethyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 524937-62-0 | C10H12O2S |
| —— | 2-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>non-5-en-3-one | 75387-99-4 | C8H10O2 |
| —— | rel-(3R,5S)-6-Methyl-5-hydroxy-3-<rel-(1S)-1-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-butenyl>-5-heptenoic Acid γ-Lactone | 88377-11-1 | C13H20O3 |
| —— | (1S,2S,5R)-2-<(methoxycarbonyl)amino>-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>oct-3-ene | 124375-95-7 | C9H11NO4 |
| —— | cephalosporolide C bismethanesulphonate | 97344-08-6 | C12H20O9S2 |
| —— | (4aR,9aR,13aS,18aS)-Hexadecahydro-1,5,10,14-tetraoxa-dibenzo[a,h]cyclotetradecene-6,15-dione | 125878-23-1 | C18H28O6 |
| —— | allophanyl-2 trimethyl-2,4,4 γ-butyrolactone | 116744-66-2 | C9H14N2O4 |
| —— | γ-Ethoxycarbonylamino-γ-butyrolacton | 36566-47-9 | C7H11NO4 |
| —— | (-)-(1S)-4-((4R,E)-5-(tert-butyldiphenylsiloxy)-4-methyl-2-pentenyloxy)-1,5-dimethyl-9-oxo-8-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nona-4,6-diene | 161807-14-3 | C32H40O4Si |
| —— | (3aS,4S,7aS)-4-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-benzofuran-6-carbaldehyde | 138034-53-4 | C25H28O4Si |
| —— | (4R,5R)-4-Hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 869210-32-2 | C6H10O4 |
| —— | (R)-4-Benzyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 71302-22-2 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | (3aR,6S,6aS,9S,9aS,9bS)-9-tert-Butoxy-6,9a-dimethyl-5-trimethylsilanyloxy-3a,6,6a,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one | 117211-64-0 | C21H36O4Si |
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