内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2,4-Ethyliden-D-glucuron-dibenzylmercaptal | 119659-09-5 | C22H24O5S2 |
| —— | 5-[(1S,2R,5S,6R)-2,5-Bis-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-7-oxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-2-yl]-3-((1S,2S,4aR,6S,8aS)-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-naphthalene-1-carbonyl)-4-hydroxy-1H-pyridin-2-one | 891732-82-4 | C36H59NO6Si2 |
| —— | (4S,5R)-4-((S)-1,2-Dihydroxy-ethyl)-5-((S)-2-hydroxy-1-iodo-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 244612-53-1 | C8H13IO5 |
| —— | 4-Fluor-4-ethoxycarbonyl-tetrahydrofurandion-(2.3) | 649-25-2 | C7H7FO5 |
| —— | (5-oxo-4-oxa-5-homoadamantane-2-yl)oxomethyl methacrylate | 1338917-22-8 | C15H20O5 |
| —— | 3-ethoxycarbony-3-fluoro-tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one | 141419-95-6 | C8H11FO4 |
| —— | α-benzyloxyimine-γ-butyrolactone | 353796-78-8 | C11H11NO3 |
| —— | (1R,3R,4R,5S)-1-hydroxy-3,4-O-isopropylidene-cyclohexane-1,5-lactone | 1613160-63-6 | C10H14O5 |
| —— | (1S,2S,6S)-2,13-Dimethyl-9-oxo-8-oxa-tricyclo[4.4.3.0<sup>1,5</sup>]trideca-4,12-diene-6-carbaldehyde | 99268-16-3 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | 3-Iod-2-hydroxy-bicyclo<4.1.0>heptan-carbonsaeure-(7)-lacton | 100960-83-6 | C8H9IO2 |
| —— | (7S,9R)-6-iodo-7,9-dimethylnonanolide | 130858-74-1 | C11H19IO2 |
| —— | (4R,4aS)-6-Isopropenyl-4,4a-dimethyl-octahydro-chromen-2-one | 141695-89-8 | C14H22O2 |
| —— | dimethyl 3-methyl-5-oxooxolane-2,4-dicarboxylate | 76311-69-8 | C9H12O6 |
| —— | 1,1-dichloro-5-oxo-4-oxaspiro<2.3>hexane | 73090-43-4 | C5H4Cl2O2 |
| —— | (1R,5R,8R)-8-Acetoxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-3-one | 261630-97-1 | C9H10O4 |
| —— | ent-2β-hydroxy-1α-iodo-3β-(methoxymethoxy)-20-norgibberella-9,16-diene-7,19-dioic acid 7-methyl ester 19,2-lactone | 110374-07-7 | C22H27IO6 |
| —— | (2a<i>S</i>)-2a,5a,7<i>c</i>-trimethyl-6-methylene-(2a<i>r</i>,5a<i>t</i>,8a<i>c</i>,8b<i>c</i>)-decahydro-naphtho[1,8-<i>bc</i>]furan-2-one | 109512-97-2 | C15H22O2 |
| —— | 2,3,9,4-tetrahydro-5,5-bis(methylthio)-6-one-7-methyl-benzofuran | 170957-23-0 | C11H16O2S2 |
| —— | 5-O-acetyl-2,3,6-trideoxy-D-erythro-hexono-1,4-lactone | 64447-70-7 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | (3R,3aR,4S,6aR)-3,4-Dimethyl-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 80657-87-0 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | methyl (3RS,4S)-4-butyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate | 915706-15-9 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | (4S,6S)-6-(4-hydroxybutyl)-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1458062-43-5 | C10H18O3 |
| —— | <i>O</i><sup>3</sup>-methyl-D-<i>arabino</i>-2,6-dideoxy-hexonic acid-4-lactone | 99945-42-3 | C7H12O4 |
| —— | 5-Oxo-4-hydroximino-2-phenyl-tetrahydrofuran | 110048-10-7 | C10H9NO3 |
| —— | (3S,4S)-4-Hydroxy-3-((S)-hydroxy-phenyl-methyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 79081-93-9 | C11H12O4 |
| —— | 5-Mesyl-2.4-benzyliden-D-glucuron-dipropylmercaptal | 115122-97-9 | C20H28O7S3 |
| —— | 94137-82-3 | C15H20O3 | |
| —— | (3R,4R,5S)-3,4-Bis-trimethylsilanyloxy-5-((1S,2R)-1,2,3-tris-trimethylsilanyloxy-propyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 10589-41-0 | C22H52O7Si5 |
| —— | 1354635-34-9 | C19H38O7Si2 | |
| —— | (4R,6R)-cis-4-<t-butyl(diphenyl)silyloxy>-6-iodomethyltetrahydropyran-2-one | 121772-47-2 | C22H27IO3Si |
| —— | trans-carlic acid | 67381-74-2 | C10H10O6 |
| —— | 3,3-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-one | 77197-70-7 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 4,4-dibutyl-3-methyloxetan-2-one | 126486-02-0 | C12H22O2 |
| —— | trans-3-carbethoxy-3,4-dimethylbutyrolactone | 102651-53-6 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | (3S,4R,6S)-3,4-bis(methoxymethoxy)-6-nonyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1403815-48-4 | C18H34O6 |
| —— | 158199-32-7 | C9H11BrO2 | |
| —— | (3R,4S)-4-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 81415-50-1 | C11H18O5 |
| —— | [(2S,3S)-2-((S)-1-Hydroxy-ethyl)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl]-acetic acid ethyl ester | 473806-50-7 | C10H16O5 |
| —— | (3aS,4S,6aS)-4-bromo-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 750641-60-2 | C7H7BrO2 |
| —— | 16838-13-4 | C20H24O4 | |
| —— | (-)-O-acetyl muricatacin | 612084-64-7 | C19H34O4 |
| —— | 2(S),3(S)-dihydroxy-(Z)-6-dodecen-5(R)-olide | 213380-43-9 | C12H20O4 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-cis-4-<t-butyl(dimethyl)silyloxy>-6-iodomethyltetrahydropyran-2-one | 121772-44-9 | C12H23IO3Si |
| —— | (+)-(1R,2S,5R,6R,7S,10R)-6,10-dimethyl-5-pivaloyloxymethyl-4-oxatricyclo<5.3.0.02,6>decan-3-one | 162086-73-9 | C17H26O4 |
| —— | (R)-but-3-enoic acid 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl ester | 911392-16-0 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | (3R,6S)-tert-butyl 3-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino) ethyl)-2-oxo-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylate | 1453206-81-9 | C23H33NO6 |
| —— | <i>rac</i>-21-acetoxy-3,3-ethanediyldioxy-11β-hydroxy-16,20-dioxo-16,17-seco-pregna-5,14ξ-dien-18-oic acid-lactone | 118899-38-0 | C25H30O8 |
| —— | 6-(propan-2-ylidene)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 1613445-83-2 | C8H10O2 |
| —— | [(3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] (2S)-2-iodo-3-methylbutanoate | 145439-82-3 | C11H17IO4 |
| —— | 1459806-94-0 | C11H11ClO2 |
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