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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (4S,6S)-6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)-4-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1392820-81-3 C23H30O4Si
    (4S,6S)-6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)-4-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 2-((1R,3R,5S)-7-oxo-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-yl)-acetaldehyde 1392820-92-6 C9H12O4
    2-((1R,3R,5S)-7-oxo-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-yl)-acetaldehyde
    —— (1S,5R,7S)-7-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one 1392820-90-4 C25H32O4Si
    (1S,5R,7S)-7-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one
    —— (1S,5R,7S)-7-((S)-2-hydroxypent-4-en-1-yl)-2,6-dioxabicyclo-[3.3.1]nonan-3-one 1392820-93-7 C12H18O4
    (1S,5R,7S)-7-((S)-2-hydroxypent-4-en-1-yl)-2,6-dioxabicyclo-[3.3.1]nonan-3-one
    —— (4R,6R)-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxybut-2-ynyl]-4-methoxyoxan-2-one 348084-60-6 C10H14O4
    (4R,6R)-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxybut-2-ynyl]-4-methoxyoxan-2-one
    —— (4R,6R)-4-methoxy-6-[(1R,2E,4E,6R)-6-methoxy-3-methyl-9-trimethylsilyl-1-tri(propan-2-yl)silyloxynona-2,4-dien-8-ynyl]oxan-2-one 348084-51-5 C29H52O5Si2
    (4R,6R)-4-methoxy-6-[(1R,2E,4E,6R)-6-methoxy-3-methyl-9-trimethylsilyl-1-tri(propan-2-yl)silyloxynona-2,4-dien-8-ynyl]oxan-2-one
    —— (4S,10R)-4-hydroxy-10-methyloxecan-2-one —— C10H18O3
    (4S,10R)-4-hydroxy-10-methyloxecan-2-one
    —— (+/-)-Paraconsaeure-methylester 5204-91-1 C6H8O4
    (+/-)-Paraconsaeure-methylester
    —— 3,4-dicyano-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-3-phenyl-oxolane 112212-07-4 C14H12N2O2
    3,4-dicyano-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-3-phenyl-oxolane
    —— 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(6-methyl-1-oxoheptyl)-, (3S-cis)- 60866-47-9 C13H22O4
    2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(6-methyl-1-oxoheptyl)-, (3S-cis)-
    —— (1R,4E,5S)-4-oximino-1,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one 862202-83-3 C10H15NO3
    (1R,4E,5S)-4-oximino-1,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one
    —— 5-Methyl-4-methylene-dihydro-furan-2-one 93423-69-9 C6H8O2
    5-Methyl-4-methylene-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3,5,5-Trimethyl-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione 329787-84-0 C14H16O3
    3,5,5-Trimethyl-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione
    —— 3,5,5-Trimethyl-6-(4-chlophenyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione 329787-86-2 C14H15ClO3
    3,5,5-Trimethyl-6-(4-chlophenyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione
    —— tetra-epi-compactin 109785-28-6 C23H34O5
    tetra-epi-compactin
    —— (4R,6R)-6-(triethylsilyloxymethyl)-4-methoxy-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 296785-18-7 C13H26O4Si
    (4R,6R)-6-(triethylsilyloxymethyl)-4-methoxy-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (R)-6-Tridecyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 109788-71-8 C18H34O2
    (R)-6-Tridecyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— cis-4,5-dihydro-4,5-dimethyl-3-methylene-2(3H) furanone 82112-61-6 C7H10O2
    cis-4,5-dihydro-4,5-dimethyl-3-methylene-2(3H) furanone
    —— cis-4-methyl-3-methylene-5-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C12H12O2
    cis-4-methyl-3-methylene-5-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— <i>O</i><sup>2</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>5</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-tetramethyl-D-gluconic acid-lactone 20869-29-8 C10H18O6
    <i>O</i><sup>2</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>5</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-tetramethyl-D-gluconic acid-lactone
    —— (4R,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 156848-00-9 C11H12O3
    (4R,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3S,4S)-6-hydroxy-3-pentyl-4-hexanolide 155016-09-4 C11H20O3
    (3S,4S)-6-hydroxy-3-pentyl-4-hexanolide
    —— (+)-(4S,5R)-5-allyl-4-pentyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 123976-08-9 C12H20O2
    (+)-(4S,5R)-5-allyl-4-pentyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (1R,4S,7S)-7-pentyl-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>heptan-3-one 155016-11-8 C11H18O2
    (1R,4S,7S)-7-pentyl-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>heptan-3-one
    —— (1α,5α)-6β-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 132435-61-1 C11H10O2
    (1α,5α)-6β-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1423026-34-9 C11H12O3
    (4S,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (R)-(-)-5-Mesyloxymethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran 102774-94-7 C6H10O5S
    (R)-(-)-5-Mesyloxymethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran
    —— (R)-3-(methoxymethoxy)-3-methyl-5-pentanolide 1026795-20-9 C8H14O4
    (R)-3-(methoxymethoxy)-3-methyl-5-pentanolide
    —— (2S)-N-(5-hydroxypentyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide 192050-90-1 C10H17NO4
    (2S)-N-(5-hydroxypentyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— 6-octyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2-one 124330-64-9 C13H24O2
    6-octyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 6-octyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2-one 99461-66-2 C13H24O2
    6-octyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 4-[(2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one 338958-16-0 C14H18O2
    4-[(2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanone 3621-60-1 C6H10O4
    5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanone
    —— 2-(2-phenylethyl)-4-butanolide 3454-79-3 C12H14O2
    2-(2-phenylethyl)-4-butanolide
    —— 5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(hydroxybutyl)oxolan-2-one 261357-14-6 C42H54O5Si2
    5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(hydroxybutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (E)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-octylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 897397-85-2 C14H24O4
    (E)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-octylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (E)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-decylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 261357-28-2 C48H64O4Si2
    (E)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-decylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-[1-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-(methylethyl)pent-2-enyl]oxolan-2-one 261357-11-3 C47H62O5Si2
    5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-[1-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-(methylethyl)pent-2-enyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (E)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-ethylideneoxolan-2-one 261357-22-6 C40H48O4Si2
    (E)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-ethylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (Z)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-nonylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 897397-73-8 C47H62O4Si2
    (Z)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-nonylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (Z)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-octylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 897397-69-2 C46H60O4Si2
    (Z)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-octylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— Acetic acid 2-hydroxymethyl-5-oxo-4-tetradec-(E)-ylidene-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl ester 172843-27-5 C22H38O5
    Acetic acid 2-hydroxymethyl-5-oxo-4-tetradec-(E)-ylidene-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl ester
    —— (E)-5-bis<<(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy>methyl>-3-<(Z)-9-octadecenylidene>tetrahydro-2-furanone 172843-24-2 C56H78O4Si2
    (E)-5-bis<<(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy>methyl>-3-<(Z)-9-octadecenylidene>tetrahydro-2-furanone
    —— (E)-5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-<(Z)-9-octadecenylidene>tetrahydro-2-furanone 172843-26-4 C24H42O4
    (E)-5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-<(Z)-9-octadecenylidene>tetrahydro-2-furanone
    —— (3E)-5,5-bis[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-tetradecylideneoxolan-2-one 172843-23-1 C52H72O4Si2
    (3E)-5,5-bis[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-tetradecylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (Z)-5-bis<<(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy>methyl>-3-<(Z)-9-octadecenylidene>tetrahydro-2-furanone 172843-19-5 C56H78O4Si2
    (Z)-5-bis<<(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy>methyl>-3-<(Z)-9-octadecenylidene>tetrahydro-2-furanone
    —— 5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-[1-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-(methylethyl)pent-2-enyl]oxolan-2-one 261357-12-4 C47H64O5Si2
    5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-[1-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-(methylethyl)pent-2-enyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3Z)-5,5-bis[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-tetradecylideneoxolan-2-one 172843-18-4 C52H72O4Si2
    (3Z)-5,5-bis[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-tetradecylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (E)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-[4-methyl-3-(methylethyl)pent-2-enylidene]oxolan-2-one 261357-18-0 C47H60O4Si2
    (E)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-[4-methyl-3-(methylethyl)pent-2-enylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (Z)-5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-<(Z)-9-octadecenylidene>tetrahydro-2-furanone 172843-21-9 C24H42O4
    (Z)-5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-<(Z)-9-octadecenylidene>tetrahydro-2-furanone