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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3S,5S,1'S)-5-<1-<<(tert-butyloxy)carbonyl>amino>-2-cyclohexylethyl>-3-hydroxy-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 110613-60-0 C18H31NO5
    (3S,5S,1'S)-5-<1-<<(tert-butyloxy)carbonyl>amino>-2-cyclohexylethyl>-3-hydroxy-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— methyl (2S,3R)-5-oxo-3-phenyl-2-propan-2-yloxolane-3-carboxylate 103025-68-9 C15H18O4
    methyl (2S,3R)-5-oxo-3-phenyl-2-propan-2-yloxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (4R,6R)-6-[(2R)-1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypropan-2-yl]-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxan-2-one 312326-55-9 C26H36O4Si
    (4R,6R)-6-[(2R)-1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypropan-2-yl]-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— [2-(Acetyloxymethyl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl acetate 686724-14-1 C10H14O6
    [2-(Acetyloxymethyl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl acetate
    —— 3-Oxo-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-3a-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 21746-98-5 C10H14O4
    3-Oxo-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-3a-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— (E)-3-(methanesulfonyloxymethylene)-5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone 98512-60-8 C7H10O5S
    (E)-3-(methanesulfonyloxymethylene)-5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— ethyl 3-(2-propenyl)-2-oxo-4-vinyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate 133472-59-0 C12H16O4
    ethyl 3-(2-propenyl)-2-oxo-4-vinyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— endo-4'-(1-Methylethyl)spiro<bicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-2,3'-oxetan-2'-one> 135684-13-8 C12H16O2
    endo-4'-(1-Methylethyl)spiro<bicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-2,3'-oxetan-2'-one>
    —— isopropylisopatulin 5852-74-4 C10H12O4
    isopropylisopatulin
    —— Diacetyltetrahydrocoriamyrtin 16768-92-6 C19H26O7
    Diacetyltetrahydrocoriamyrtin
    —— exo vinyl-5 oxa-4 endo tricyclo<5.2.1.02,6>decene-8 one-3 93617-32-4 C11H12O2
    exo vinyl-5 oxa-4 endo tricyclo<5.2.1.02,6>decene-8 one-3
    —— 1-methyl-2,8-dioxa-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-dione 15991-72-7 C8H10O4
    1-methyl-2,8-dioxa-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-dione
    —— (4R,5S,6R)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-one 862900-37-6 C12H24O4Si
    (4R,5S,6R)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-one
    —— 4,4-Dimethyl-5-phenyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 66221-84-9 C13H14O2
    4,4-Dimethyl-5-phenyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 3-<β-(methyldiphenylsilyl)ethyl>tetrahydro-2-furanone 130752-83-9 C19H22O2Si
    3-<β-(methyldiphenylsilyl)ethyl>tetrahydro-2-furanone
    —— (+/-)-4-methyl-1-oxaspiro<4.6>undecan-2-one 74603-44-4 C11H18O2
    (+/-)-4-methyl-1-oxaspiro<4.6>undecan-2-one
    —— (S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (1S,3R,5S,7S,8S,8aR)-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-5-trimethylsilanyloxy-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester 118682-49-8 C33H60O6Si2
    (S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (1S,3R,5S,7S,8S,8aR)-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-5-trimethylsilanyloxy-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester
    —— 4,6-Dimethyl-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]decan-2-one 18631-65-7 C11H18O2
    4,6-Dimethyl-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— (8R)-8-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-9-oxa-1,5-dithiaspiro[5.5]undecan-10-one 1196977-53-3 C15H28O3S2Si
    (8R)-8-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-9-oxa-1,5-dithiaspiro[5.5]undecan-10-one
    —— 2-oxa-bicyclo(6.2.2)dodec-8(9)-ene-2-one 74785-60-7 C11H16O2
    2-oxa-bicyclo(6.2.2)dodec-8(9)-ene-2-one
    —— (4R,6R)-6-{2-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-1,2,6,7,8,8a-Hexahydro-6-hydroxy-8-pivaloyloxy-2-methyl-1-naphthyl]ethyl}tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one 159224-99-4 C23H34O6
    (4R,6R)-6-{2-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-1,2,6,7,8,8a-Hexahydro-6-hydroxy-8-pivaloyloxy-2-methyl-1-naphthyl]ethyl}tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— ethyl (2S,4R)-2-acetoxymethyl-4-(furan-3-ylmethyl)-5-((R)-2-oxooxan-3-ylsulfanyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-4-carboxylate 1575589-12-6 C20H25NO7S
    ethyl (2S,4R)-2-acetoxymethyl-4-(furan-3-ylmethyl)-5-((R)-2-oxooxan-3-ylsulfanyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-4-carboxylate
    —— 2-Oxo-5-prop-2-ynyloxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid dimethylamide 28330-21-4 C11H15NO4
    2-Oxo-5-prop-2-ynyloxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid dimethylamide
    —— 4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[4.3.1]decane-8-carboxylic acid 1342302-69-5 C10H14O4
    4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[4.3.1]decane-8-carboxylic acid
    —— c-3-methoxy-1,2-dimethyl-5-trimethylsilyloxycyclohex-4-ene-r-1,c-2-dicarboxylic anhydride 132272-83-4 C14H22O5Si
    c-3-methoxy-1,2-dimethyl-5-trimethylsilyloxycyclohex-4-ene-r-1,c-2-dicarboxylic anhydride
    —— α-Acetyl-γ-butyrolacton-α-butylphosphinsaeurebutylester 2830-96-8 C14H25O5P
    α-Acetyl-γ-butyrolacton-α-butylphosphinsaeurebutylester
    —— 2-(dichloromethylidene)-4,4-dimethyloxolan-3-one 77133-02-9 C7H8Cl2O2
    2-(dichloromethylidene)-4,4-dimethyloxolan-3-one
    —— 3-(dichloromethylidene)-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one 77133-03-0 C7H8Cl2O2
    3-(dichloromethylidene)-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— [Au(S-5-oxo-2-tetrahydrofuran carboxylate)(P(C6H5)3)] 916737-30-9 C23H20AuO4P
    [Au(S-5-oxo-2-tetrahydrofuran carboxylate)(P(C6H5)3)]
    —— 11-oxa-dispiro[4.0.4.2]dodecan-12-one 51175-23-6 C11H16O2
    11-oxa-dispiro[4.0.4.2]dodecan-12-one
    —— 4-(carboxymethyl)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid 26817-97-0 C7H8O6
    4-(carboxymethyl)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3R,5S,1'S)-5-<1-<<(tert-butyloxy)carbonyl>amino>-2-cyclohexylethyl>-3-hydroxy-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 110613-61-1 C18H31NO5
    (3R,5S,1'S)-5-<1-<<(tert-butyloxy)carbonyl>amino>-2-cyclohexylethyl>-3-hydroxy-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (5S,6R)-6-octyl-5-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1346159-03-2 C15H26O2
    (5S,6R)-6-octyl-5-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— exo hexyl-5 oxa-4 tricyclo<5.2.1.02,6>decene-8 one-3 93617-29-9 C15H22O2
    exo hexyl-5 oxa-4 tricyclo<5.2.1.02,6>decene-8 one-3
    —— 1-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-phenyl-2,3-dioxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane 111950-25-5 C15H18O4
    1-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-phenyl-2,3-dioxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane
    —— 3-(((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1291082-22-8 C21H26O3Si
    3-(((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— tert-butyl N-[(1S)-2-cyclohexyl-1-[(2S)-5-oxo-4-propan-2-ylideneoxolan-2-yl]ethyl]carbamate 127772-92-3 C20H33NO4
    tert-butyl N-[(1S)-2-cyclohexyl-1-[(2S)-5-oxo-4-propan-2-ylideneoxolan-2-yl]ethyl]carbamate
    —— 3-acetyl-3-ethyl-5-(propoxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 13088-63-6 C12H20O4
    3-acetyl-3-ethyl-5-(propoxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-1-oxa-spiro[3.4]octane-2,5,8-trione 876474-50-9 C11H14O4
    3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-1-oxa-spiro[3.4]octane-2,5,8-trione
    —— methyl (3R,4R,4aR,6R,8R,8aR)-4-allyl-6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-1,7-dioxooctahydro-1H-3,8-methanoisochromene-4-carboxylate 1450831-94-3 C20H27NO7
    methyl (3R,4R,4aR,6R,8R,8aR)-4-allyl-6-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-1,7-dioxooctahydro-1H-3,8-methanoisochromene-4-carboxylate
    —— 2-(3-hydroxy-1-methyl-propyl)-acetoacetic acid-lactone 90482-44-3 C8H12O3
    2-(3-hydroxy-1-methyl-propyl)-acetoacetic acid-lactone
    —— (3S,5R)-dihydro-3-hydroxy-5-(furan-2-yl)furan-2-(3H)-one 1383977-20-5 C8H8O4
    (3S,5R)-dihydro-3-hydroxy-5-(furan-2-yl)furan-2-(3H)-one
    —— 3β,20,20-Trihydroxy-21-nor-5α-pregnan-17α-essigsaeure-lacton 10316-15-1 C22H34O4
    3β,20,20-Trihydroxy-21-nor-5α-pregnan-17α-essigsaeure-lacton
    —— 9-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-acetyl-4,10b-propano-2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a-dodecahy-dro-1H-benz<h>isochinolin-carbonsaeure-(6a)-lacton 100193-94-0 C20H29NO3
    9-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-acetyl-4,10b-propano-2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a-dodecahy-dro-1H-benz<h>isochinolin-carbonsaeure-(6a)-lacton
    —— 3-Methyl-4-carboxymethyl-5-carboxy-tetrahydrofuranon-(2) 106164-20-9 C8H10O6
    3-Methyl-4-carboxymethyl-5-carboxy-tetrahydrofuranon-(2)
    —— 6,6-Pentamethylen-3-acetamino-4-methoxy-5,6-dihydro-pyranon-(2) 1658-31-7 C13H19NO4
    6,6-Pentamethylen-3-acetamino-4-methoxy-5,6-dihydro-pyranon-(2)
    —— Spiro[bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-5,3'-oxetane]-2'-one 23753-45-9 C9H10O2
    Spiro[bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-5,3'-oxetane]-2'-one
    —— 2-<2,2-Dihydroxy-4β-methyl-cyclohexyl-(1)>-propionsaeure-lacton 16434-43-8 C10H16O3
    2-<2,2-Dihydroxy-4β-methyl-cyclohexyl-(1)>-propionsaeure-lacton
    —— 1,4-butanediyl maleate 145389-54-4 C8H10O4
    1,4-butanediyl maleate
    —— 3-chloro-1-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-2-one 105764-13-4 C7H9ClO2
    3-chloro-1-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-2-one