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洛伐他汀 | 75330-75-5

中文名称
洛伐他汀
中文别名
洛伐司他汀;辛伐他汀杂质E;洛伐它丁;(S)-2-甲基丁酸-(1S,3S,7S,8S,8aR) 1,2,3,7,8,8a-六氢-3,7-二甲基-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-羟基-6-氧代-2-四氢吡喃基]-乙基}-1-酯
英文名称
lovastatin
英文别名
mevinolin;monacolin K;mevacor;lovastatin lactone;altocor;2-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-8-[2-(tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl]-1-naphthalenyl ester butanoic acid;[(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
洛伐他汀化学式
CAS
75330-75-5
化学式
C24H36O5
mdl
MFCD00072164
分子量
404.547
InChiKey
PCZOHLXUXFIOCF-BXMDZJJMSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    175°C
  • 比旋光度:
    D25 +323° (c = 0.5 g in 100 ml acetonitrile)
  • 沸点:
    559.2±50.0 °C(Predicted)
  • 密度:
    1.12±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
  • 溶解度:
    乙醇:可溶9.80-10.20mg/mL,澄清,无色至淡黄色
  • LogP:
    4.260
  • 物理描述:
    Solid
  • 颜色/状态:
    White crystals
  • 蒸汽压力:
    2.22X10-12 mm Hg at 25 °C (est)
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    指定条件下稳定,远离氧化物。避光。
  • 旋光度:
    Specific optical rotation at 25 °C for D (sodium) line: +323 deg (c = 0.5 g in 100 ml acetonitrile)
  • 碰撞截面:
    202 Ų [M+Na]+ [CCS Type: TW, Method: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    4.3
  • 重原子数:
    29
  • 可旋转键数:
    7
  • 环数:
    3.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.75
  • 拓扑面积:
    72.8
  • 氢给体数:
    1
  • 氢受体数:
    5

ADMET

代谢
辛伐他汀作为一种乳糖苷酸前药给药,因此为了产生其作用机制,需要将其转化为活性β-羟基形式。这种药物激活过程似乎与细胞色素P450同工酶活性无关,而是受血清对氧磷酶活性的控制。辛伐他汀通过微粒体肝酶系统(细胞色素P-450同型3A4)代谢。人血浆中的主要活性代谢物是辛伐他汀的β-羟基酸、6'-羟基、6'-羟甲基和6'-环氧甲基衍生物。肝细胞对辛伐他汀的摄取受到OATP1B1活性的增强。
Lovastatin is given as a lactone prodrug and thus, in order to produce its mechanism of action, it is required to be converted to the active beta-hydroxy form. This drug activation process does not seem to be related to CYP isoenzyme activity but rather to be controlled by the activity of serum paraoxonase. Lovastatin is metabolized by the microsomal hepatic enzyme system (Cytochrome P-450 isoform 3A4). The major active metabolites present in human plasma are the β-hydroxy acid of lovastatin, its 6'-hydroxy, 6'-hydroxymethyl, and 6'-exomethylene derivatives. The uptake of lovastatin by the liver is enhanced by the activity of OATP1B1.
来源:DrugBank
代谢
洛伐他汀通过肝微粒体酶系统(细胞色素P-450同工酶3A4)代谢。在人类血浆中存在的主要活性代谢物包括洛伐他汀的β-羟基酸、其6'-羟基、6'-羟甲基和6'-外亚甲基衍生物。
Lovastatin is metabolized by the microsomal hepatic enzyme system (Cytochrome P-450 isoform 3A4). The major active metabolites present in human plasma are the beta-hydroxy acid of lovastatin, its 6'-hydroxy, 6'-hydroxymethyl, and 6'-exomethylene derivatives.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
人体血浆中的主要活性代谢物是洛伐他汀的β-羟基酸、其6'-羟基衍生物以及另外两种代谢物。
The major active metabolites present in human plasma are the beta-hydroxyacid of lovastatin, its 6'-hydroxy derivative, and two additional metabolites.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
洛伐他汀已知的人类代谢物包括6'beta-羟基洛伐他汀和3-羟基洛伐他汀。
Lovastatin has known human metabolites that include 6'beta-Hydroxylovastatin and 3-Hydroxylovastatin.
来源:NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
代谢
洛伐他汀在肝脏中被代谢,其主要活性代谢物是洛伐他汀的β-羟基酸、6'-羟基衍生物以及另外两种代谢物。 消除途径:洛伐他汀在肝脏经历广泛的首过效应,这是其主要作用部位,随后药物等同物随胆汁排出。口服剂量的83%通过胆汁排出,10%通过尿液排出。 半衰期:5.3小时
Lovastatin is hepatically metabolized in which the major active metabolites are the beta-hydroxyacid of lovastatin, the 6'-hydroxy derivative, and two additional metabolites. Route of Elimination: Lovastatin undergoes extensive first-pass extraction in the liver, its primary site of action, with subsequent excretion of drug equivalents in the bile. 83% of the orally administered dose is excreted in bile and 10% is excreted in urine. Half Life: 5.3 hours
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
识别和使用:洛伐他汀是一种白色、非吸湿性的结晶性粉末。它作为一种抗胆固醇药物和羟甲戊二酸辅酶A(HMG-CoA)还原酶抑制剂用于治疗。人类暴露和毒性:与其他HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂一样,洛伐他汀偶尔会导致肌病,表现为肌肉疼痛、压痛或无力,肌酸激酶水平超过正常上限的十倍。肌病有时会以横纹肌溶解症的形式出现,可伴有或不伴由于肌红蛋白尿导致的急性肾功能衰竭,并且已有罕见的死亡案例。血浆中HMG-CoA还原酶抑制活性水平高时,肌病的风险增加。在接受他汀类药物,包括洛伐他汀的患者中,有罕见的上市后报告显示发生了致命和非致命的肝衰竭。用洛伐他汀处理HL-60细胞可剂量依赖性地诱导特征性凋亡。动物研究:洛伐他汀在临床正常狗中以剂量依赖性方式从60 mg/kg/天开始产生了视神经退化(视网膜向膝状体纤维的沃勒变性)。在狗中以180 mg/kg/天处理14周时,还观察到类似沃勒变的的前庭耳蜗退化和视网膜神经节细胞色素溶解。在接受洛伐他汀180 mg/kg/天治疗的狗中,出现了中枢神经系统血管病变,其特征为血管周围出血和水肿、单核细胞浸润血管周围空间、血管周围纤维蛋白沉积和小血管坏死。在每天口服洛伐他汀100或500 mg/kg的小鼠中,观察到非腺体胃粘膜乳头状瘤的发生率增加。由于这些啮齿动物的胃腺体粘膜未受影响,而人类的胃只含有腺体粘膜,这一发现对人类的重要性尚不清楚。在给小鼠口服洛伐他汀500 mg/kg/天21个月后,观察到肝细胞癌和腺瘤的发生率增加。在接受20 mg/kg/天洛伐他汀的狗中,出现了与药物相关的睾丸萎缩、精子生成减少、精子细胞退化和巨细胞形成。将新生大鼠通过皮下注射以10 mg/kg/天的开放羟基酸形式的洛伐他汀直接给药,导致雌性大鼠的被动回避学习延迟。已经证明,在怀孕小鼠和大鼠在妊娠期间以80 mg/kg/天给药时,洛伐他汀会导致后代骨骼畸形。洛伐他汀在体外哺乳动物细胞系统(大鼠或小鼠肝细胞,V-79细胞正向突变研究)、体外(中国仓鼠卵巢细胞)或体内(小鼠骨髓)染色体畸变研究中,或微生物( Ames试验)系统中有或没有代谢激活,均未表现出致突变潜力。然而,有一些体外证据表明,抑制HMG-CoA还原酶可以抑制细胞周期S期的DNA合成;这种抑制似乎是由于剥夺了甲羟戊酸,并且与其转化为胆固醇无关。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Lovastatin is a white, non-hygroscopic crystalline powder. It is used for therapy as anticholesteremic agent, and Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Lovastatin, like other inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, occasionally causes myopathy manifested as muscle pain, tenderness or weakness with creatine kinase above ten times the upper limit of normal. Myopathy sometimes takes the form of rhabdomyolysis with or without acute renal failure secondary to myoglobinuria, and rare fatalities have occurred. The risk of myopathy is increased by high levels of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity in plasma. There have been rare postmarketing reports of fatal and non-fatal hepatic failure in patients taking statins, including lovastatin. Treatment of HL-60 cells with lovastatin induced characteristic apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. ANIMAL STUDIES: Lovastatin produced optic nerve degeneration (Wallerian degeneration of retinogeniculate fibers) in clinically normal dogs in a dose-dependent fashion starting at 60 mg/kg/day. Vestibulocochlear Wallerian-like degeneration and retinal ganglion cell chromatolysis were also seen in dogs treated for 14 weeks at 180 mg/kg/day. CNS vascular lesions, characterized by perivascular hemorrhage and edema, mononuclear cell infiltration of perivascular spaces, perivascular fibrin deposits and necrosis of small vessels, were seen in dogs treated with lovastatin at a dose of 180 mg/kg/day. In mice given oral lovastatin dosages of 100 or 500 mg/kg daily, an increase in the incidence of papilloma in the nonglandular mucosa of the stomach was observed. Since the glandular mucosa of the stomach in these rodents was not affected and the human stomach contains only glandular mucosa, the importance of this finding to humans is unclear. An increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and adenoma was observed after 21 months in mice given oral lovastatin 500 mg/kg daily. Drug-related testicular atrophy, decreased spermatogenesis, spermatocytic degeneration and giant cell formation were seen in dogs starting at 20 mg/kg/day. Direct dosing of neonatal rats by subcutaneous injection with 10 mg/kg/day of the open hydroxyacid form of lovastatin resulted in delayed passive avoidance learning in female rats. Lovastatin has been shown to produce skeletal malformations in offspring of pregnant mice and rats dosed during gestation at 80 mg/kg/day. Lovastatin did not exhibit mutagenic potential in in vitro mammalian cell systems (rat or mouse hepatocytes, V-79 cell forward mutation study), in vitro (Chinese hamster ovary cell) or in vivo (mouse bone marrow) chromosomal aberration studies, or microbial (Ames test) systems with or without metabolic activation. There is some in vitro evidence, however, that inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase can inhibit DNA synthesis during the S phase of the cell life cycle; this inhibition appears to result from depletion of mevalonic acid and is independent of its conversion to cholesterol.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
洛伐他汀在结构上与HMG相似,是HMG-CoA还原酶的内源性底物的取代物。洛伐他汀是一种前药,在体内通过水解内酯环形成“β-羟基酸”而被激活。水解的内酯环模拟还原酶产生的四面体中间体,使得该药物能够以比其天然底物高20,000倍的亲和力与HMG-CoA还原酶结合。洛伐他汀的双环部分与活性位点的辅酶A部分结合。
Lovastatin is structurally similar to the HMG, a substituent of the endogenous substrate of HMG-CoA reductase. Lovastatin is a prodrug that is activated <i>in vivo</i> via hydrolysis of the lactone ring to form the ‘_-hydroxyacid. The hydrolyzed lactone ring mimics the tetrahedral intermediate produced by the reductase allowing the agent to bind to HMG-CoA reductase with 20,000 times greater affinity than its natural substrate. The bicyclic portion of lovastatin binds to the coenzyme A portion of the active site.
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 肝毒性
洛伐他汀治疗与轻度、无症状且通常为暂时性的血清转氨酶升高有关。在大规模前瞻性监测的研究的总结分析中,高于正常水平的ALT升高发生在3%至5%的患者中,但只有0.4%的患者升高超过正常上限(ULN)的3倍,而安慰剂接受者中只有0.1%。这些升高在高剂量洛伐他汀治疗中更为常见,接受20毫克每日的患者中升高超过3倍ULN的为0.1%,40毫克为0.9%,80毫克为1.5%。大多数这些升高是自限性的,不需要调整剂量,尽管建议任何升高超过10倍和持续升高超过5倍ULN时停药。洛伐他汀还与明显的、临床上可见的肝损伤有关,但病例罕见。临床损伤的发作时间从几周到几年不等。损伤的模式通常是胆汁淤积性的,但也可以是肝细胞性的。皮疹、发热和嗜酸性粒细胞增多不常见,自身免疫特征也不常见。停止洛伐他汀后,损伤通常迅速解决,但已有急性肝衰竭致死的病例和长期胆汁淤积的报道(案例1)。 用于治疗高脂血症的传统中药红曲米已被证实含有莫纳克林K,这是一种与洛伐他汀化学结构相同的天然成分,这或许解释了它降低胆固醇水平的有效性。红曲米也涉及急性肝损伤和与洛伐他汀相关的肌病的病例。在某些情况下,已经证明红曲米产品和洛伐他汀之间存在对肝损伤的交叉敏感性。 可能性评分:B(可能是临床上明显肝损伤的原因)。
Lovastatin therapy is associated with mild, asymptomatic and usually transient serum aminotransferase elevations. In summary analyses of large scale studies with prospective monitoring, ALT elevations above normal occurred in 3% to 5% of patients, but were above 3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) in only 0.4% compared to 0.1% of placebo recipients. These elevations were more common with higher doses of lovastatin, being greater than 3 times ULN in 0.1% of patients receiving 20 mg daily, 0.9% with 40 mg and 1.5% with 80 mg daily. Most of these elevations were self-limited and did not require dose modification, although discontinuation is recommended for any elevation above 10 times and for persistent elevations above 5 times the ULN. Lovastatin is also associated with frank, clinically apparent hepatic injury, but cases are rare. The onset of clinical injury ranges from a few weeks to several years. The pattern of injury is typically cholestatic, but can be hepatocellular. Rash, fever and eosinophilia are uncommon as are autoimmune features. The injury usually resolves rapidly upon stopping lovastatin, but instances of fatal acute liver failure and of prolonged cholestasis have been reported (Case 1). The traditional Chinese medication known as red yeast rice which is used to treat hyperlipidemia has been shown to contain monacolin K, a natural component that is chemically identical to lovastatin, perhaps explaining its efficacy in reducing cholesterol levels. Red yeast rice has also been implicated in cases of acute liver injury and myopathies that are similar to those linked to lovastatin. In some instances cross-sensitivity to hepatic injury has been shown between red yeast rice products and lovastatin. Likelihood score: B (likely cause of clinically apparent liver injury).
来源:LiverTox
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
化合物:洛伐他汀
Compound:lovastatin
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
药物性肝损伤标注:低药物性肝损伤关注
DILI Annotation:Less-DILI-Concern
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 吸收
洛伐他汀Cmax被发现为3.013ng/mL,Tmax为3.36小时。总放射性(洛伐他汀加14C-代谢物)的血浆浓度在2小时达到峰值,并在24小时后迅速下降到峰值的约10%。在测试的四种动物物种中,相对于静脉参考剂量,洛伐他汀的吸收平均约为口服剂量的30%。在动物研究中,口服给药后,洛伐他汀对肝脏具有高选择性,在非靶组织中的浓度显著高于非靶组织。洛伐他汀在肝脏进行广泛的首过提取,其主要作用部位,随后将药物等效物排泄到胆汁中。由于洛伐他汀在肝脏的广泛提取,药物对一般循环的可用性低且多变。在一项四名高胆固醇血症患者的单次给药研究中,估计不到5%的洛伐他汀口服剂量以活性抑制剂的形式到达一般循环。在给予洛伐他汀片剂后,根据受试者间的变异性,总抑制活性的曲线下面积(AUC)的变异系数大约为40%。据报道,当给予10-40毫克的洛伐他汀剂量时,洛伐他汀的峰值浓度范围为1.04-4.03 ng/ml,AUC为14-53 ng.h/ml。这表明洛伐他汀呈现剂量依赖性的药代动力学特征。当洛伐他汀在空腹条件下给药时,活性抑制剂和总抑制剂的血浆浓度平均约为洛伐他汀在标准试验餐后立即给药时的一半。OATP1B1(有机阴离子转运多肽1B1)肝转运蛋白的遗传差异,由SCLCO1B1基因(溶质载体有机阴离子转运蛋白家族成员1B1)编码,已被证明影响洛伐他汀的药代动力学。c.521T>C单核苷酸多态性(SNP)的药物基因组学研究证据表明,与521TT纯合个体相比,521CC纯合个体的洛伐他汀Cmax和AUC分别高出340%和286%。521CC基因型还与肌肉痛和横纹肌溶解症风险显著增加有关,这可能是由于系统暴露增加。受此多态性影响的其他他汀类药物包括[瑞舒伐他汀]、[匹伐他汀]、[阿托伐他汀]、[辛伐他汀]和[普伐他汀]。虽然在洛伐他汀的现有产品说明书中没有包含特定的剂量说明,但上述c.521CC OATP1B1基因型的个体应监测因药物暴露增加而引发的不良反应,如肌肉疼痛和横纹肌溶解症的风险,尤其是在较高剂量时。
Lovastatin Cmax was found to be 3.013ng/mL with a Tmax of 3.36 hours. Plasma concentrations of total radioactivity (lovastatin plus 14C-metabolites) peaked at 2 hours and declined rapidly to about 10% of peak by 24 hours postdose. Absorption of lovastatin, estimated relative to an intravenous reference dose, in each of four animal species tested, averaged about 30% of an oral dose. In animal studies, after oral dosing, lovastatin had high selectivity for the liver, where it achieved substantially higher concentrations than in non-target tissues. Lovastatin undergoes extensive first-pass extraction in the liver, its primary site of action, with subsequent excretion of drug equivalents in the bile. As a consequence of extensive hepatic extraction of lovastatin, the availability of drug to the general circulation is low and variable. In a single dose study in four hypercholesterolemic patients, it was estimated that less than 5% of an oral dose of lovastatin reaches the general circulation as active inhibitors. Following administration of lovastatin tablets the coefficient of variation, based on between-subject variability, was approximately 40% for the area under the curve (AUC) of total inhibitory activity in the general circulation. The peak concentrations of lovastatin when a dose of 10-40 mg is administered are reported to range from 1.04-4.03 ng/ml and an AUC of 14-53 ng.h/ml. This indicates that lovastatin presents a dose-dependent pharmacokinetic profile. When lovastatin was given under fasting conditions, plasma concentrations of both active and total inhibitors were on average about two-thirds those found when lovastatin was administered immediately after a standard test meal. Genetic differences in the OATP1B1 (Organic-Anion-Transporting Polypeptide 1B1) hepatic transporter encoded by the SCLCO1B1 gene (Solute Carrier Organic Anion Transporter family member 1B1) have been shown to impact lovastatin pharmacokinetics. Evidence from pharmacogenetic studies of the c.521T>C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) showed that lovastatin Cmax and AUC were 340 and 286% higher, respectively, for individuals homozygous for 521CC compared to homozygous 521TT individuals. The 521CC genotype is also associated with a marked increase in the risk of developing myopathy, likely secondary to increased systemic exposure. Other statin drugs impacted by this polymorphism include [rosuvastatin], [pitavastatin], [atorvastatin], [simvastatin], and [pravastatin]. While specific dosage instructions are not included in the available product monographs for lovastatin, individuals with the above-mentioned c.521CC OATP1B1 genotype should be monitored for development of adverse effects from increased exposure to the drug, such as muscle pain and risk of rhabdomyolysis, particularly at higher doses.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 消除途径
在给予人类口服14C标记的洛伐他汀后,10%的剂量通过尿液排出,83%通过粪便排出。后者代表通过胆汁排出的吸收药物,以及未吸收的药物。
Following an oral dose of 14C-labeled lovastatin to man, 10% of the dose was excreted in urine and 83% in feces. The latter represents absorbed drug excreted in bile, together with unabsorbed drug.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 分布容积
洛伐他汀能够穿过血脑屏障和胎盘。
Lovastatin is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and placenta.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
/MILK/ 目前尚不清楚洛伐他汀是否会被分泌入人乳中。
/MILK/ It is not known whether lovastatin is excreted in human milk.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
在人体中口服给予14C标记的洛伐他汀后,约10%的剂量通过尿液排出,83%通过粪便排出。后者代表通过胆汁排出的吸收药物等效物,以及任何未被吸收的药物。总放射性(洛伐他汀加上14C代谢物)的血浆浓度在2小时达到峰值,并迅速下降,到24小时后剂量约为峰值的10%。在测试的四种动物物种中,洛伐他汀的吸收量(相对于静脉参考剂量)平均约为口服剂量的30%。在动物研究中,口服给药后,洛伐他汀对肝脏具有高度选择性,在肝脏中达到的浓度远高于非靶组织。洛伐他汀在肝脏进行广泛的首过提取,这是其主要作用部位,随后药物等效物通过胆汁排出。由于洛伐他汀在肝脏的广泛提取,药物对一般循环的可用性较低且多变。在一项对四名高胆固醇血症患者的单次剂量研究中,估计不到5%的洛伐他汀口服剂量以活性抑制剂的形式到达一般循环。在给予洛伐他汀片剂后,根据受试者间变异性,总抑制活性曲线下面积(AUC)的变异系数大约为40%。
Following an oral dose of (14)C-labeled lovastatin in man, 10% of the dose was excreted in urine and 83% in feces. The latter represents absorbed drug equivalents excreted in bile, as well as any unabsorbed drug. Plasma concentrations of total radioactivity (lovastatin plus (14)C-metabolites) peaked at 2 hours and declined rapidly to about 10% of peak by 24 hours postdose. Absorption of lovastatin, estimated relative to an intravenous reference dose, in each of four animal species tested, averaged about 30% of an oral dose. In animal studies, after oral dosing, lovastatin had high selectivity for the liver, where it achieved substantially higher concentrations than in non-target tissues. Lovastatin undergoes extensive first-pass extraction in the liver, its primary site of action, with subsequent excretion of drug equivalents in the bile. As a consequence of extensive hepatic extraction of lovastatin, the availability of drug to the general circulation is low and variable. In a single dose study in four hypercholesterolemic patients, it was estimated that less than 5% of an oral dose of lovastatin reaches the general circulation as active inhibitors. Following administration of lovastatin tablets the coefficient of variation, based on between-subject variability, was approximately 40% for the area under the curve (AUC) of total inhibitory activity in the general circulation.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 危险等级:
    9
  • 危险品标志:
    Xi
  • 安全说明:
    S22,S24/25
  • 危险类别码:
    R36/37/38
  • WGK Germany:
    3
  • 海关编码:
    2932999099
  • 危险品运输编号:
    3077
  • 危险类别:
    9
  • RTECS号:
    EK7907000
  • 包装等级:
    III
  • 危险性防范说明:
    P280,P305+P351+P338
  • 危险性描述:
    H302,H351,H361
  • 储存条件:
    请将存放在密封容器内,并置于阴凉、干燥处。建议在2-8 ºC条件下保存。

SDS

SDS:4cb602cd9307e8f35e25813e6f64698b
查看
洛伐他汀

模块 1. 化学品
产品名称: Lovastatin

模块 2. 危险性概述
GHS分类
物理性危害 未分类
健康危害 未分类
环境危害 未分类
GHS标签元素
图标或危害标志 无
信号词 无信号词
危险描述 无
防范说明 无

模块 3. 成分/组成信息
单一物质/混和物 单一物质
化学名(中文名): 洛伐他汀
百分比: >98.0%(HPLC)
CAS编码: 75330-75-5
俗名: Mevinolin , 6α-Methylcompactin , Monacolin K
分子式: C24H36O5

模块 4. 急救措施
吸入: 将受害者移到新鲜空气处,保持呼吸通畅,休息。若感不适请求医/就诊。
皮肤接触: 立即去除/脱掉所有被污染的衣物。用水清洗皮肤/淋浴。
若皮肤刺激或发生皮疹:求医/就诊。
眼睛接触: 用水小心清洗几分钟。如果方便,易操作,摘除隐形眼镜。继续清洗。
如果眼睛刺激:求医/就诊。
食入: 若感不适,求医/就诊。漱口。
紧急救助者的防护: 救援者需要穿戴个人防护用品,比如橡胶手套和气密性护目镜。

模块 5. 消防措施
合适的灭火剂: 干粉,泡沫,雾状水,二氧化碳
洛伐他汀

模块 5. 消防措施
特定方法: 从上风处灭火,根据周围环境选择合适的灭火方法。
非相关人员应该撤离至安全地方。
周围一旦着火:如果安全,移去可移动容器。
消防员的特殊防护用具: 灭火时,一定要穿戴个人防护用品。

模块 6. 泄漏应急处理
个人防护措施,防护用具, 使用个人防护用品。远离溢出物/泄露处并处在上风处。
紧急措施: 泄露区应该用安全带等圈起来,控制非相关人员进入。
环保措施: 防止进入下水道。
控制和清洗的方法和材料: 清扫收集粉尘,封入密闭容器。注意切勿分散。附着物或收集物应该立即根据合适的
法律法规处置。

模块 7. 操作处置与储存
处理
技术措施: 在通风良好处进行处理。穿戴合适的防护用具。防止粉尘扩散。处理后彻底清洗双手
和脸。
注意事项: 如果粉尘或浮质产生,使用局部排气。
操作处置注意事项: 避免接触皮肤、眼睛和衣物。
贮存
储存条件: 保持容器密闭。存放于凉爽、阴暗处。
远离不相容的材料比如氧化剂存放。
光敏
包装材料: 依据法律。

模块 8. 接触控制和个体防护
工程控制: 尽可能安装封闭体系或局部排风系统,操作人员切勿直接接触。同时安装淋浴器和洗
眼器。
个人防护用品
呼吸系统防护: 防尘面具。依据当地和政府法规。
手部防护: 防护手套。
眼睛防护: 安全防护镜。如果情况需要,佩戴面具。
皮肤和身体防护: 防护服。如果情况需要,穿戴防护靴。

模块 9. 理化特性
固体
外形(20°C):
外观: 晶体-粉末
颜色: 白色-微浅黄色
气味: 无资料
pH: 无数据资料
熔点: 179°C
沸点/沸程 无资料
闪点: 无资料
爆炸特性
爆炸下限: 无资料
爆炸上限: 无资料
密度: 无资料
溶解度:
不溶于(0.04mg/100mL, 25°C)
[水]
[其他溶剂]
洛伐他汀

模块 9. 理化特性
溶于: 甲醇, 乙醇
log水分配系数 = 4.08

模块 10. 稳定性和反应性
化学稳定性: 一般情况下稳定。
危险反应的可能性: 未报道特殊反应性。
须避免接触的物质 氧化剂
危险的分解产物: 一氧化碳, 二氧化碳

模块 11. 毒理学信息
急性毒性: orl-mus LD50:>1 g/kg
对皮肤腐蚀或刺激: 无资料
对眼睛严重损害或刺激: 无资料
生殖细胞变异原性: 无资料
致癌性:
IARC = 无资料
NTP = 无资料
生殖毒性: 无资料
RTECS 号码: EK7907000

模块 12. 生态学信息
生态毒性:
鱼类: 无资料
甲壳类: 无资料
藻类: 无资料
残留性 / 降解性: 无资料
潜在生物累积 (BCF): 无资料
土壤中移动性
log水分配系数: 4.08
土壤吸收系数 (Koc): 无资料
亨利定律 无资料
constant(PaM3/mol):

模块 13. 废弃处置
如果可能,回收处理。请咨询当地管理部门。建议在可燃溶剂中溶解混合,在装有后燃和洗涤装置的化学焚烧炉中
焚烧。废弃处置时请遵守国家、地区和当地的所有法规。

模块 14. 运输信息
联合国分类: 与联合国分类标准不一致
UN编号: 未列明

模块 15. 法规信息
《危险化学品安全管理条例》(2002年1月26日国务院发布,2011年2月16日修订): 针对危险化学品的安全使用、
生产、储存、运输、装卸等方面均作了相应的规定。
洛伐他汀


模块16 - 其他信息
N/A

制备方法与用途

根据提供的信息,洛伐他汀是一种重要的药物和研究工具。以下是关于洛伐他汀的几个关键点:

作用机制与用途
  • 作用机制: 洛伐他汀是HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂,这是一种胆固醇合成的关键酶。
  • 主要用途:
    • 用于治疗杂合型家族性高胆固醇血症
    • 用于严重和轻型原发性高胆固醇血症
    • 减少心血管疾病的风险
化学性质与物理性质
  • 熔点: 174.5℃ (氮气中)
  • 旋光度: [α]25D +323° (C=0.5g溶于100ml乙腈)
  • 溶解性: 室温下,丙酮 (47 mg/mL),乙腈 (28 mg/mL) ,n-丁醇 (7 mg/mL)
生产方法

洛伐他汀可以从多种菌种中发酵得到,例如Monescus ruber、Monescus purpureus、Monescus pilosus、Aspergillus terreus和Penicillium Citrunum等。

不良反应与安全性
  • 不良反应: 头痛、倦怠、胃肠道症状(腹胀、便秘、腹泻、腹痛、恶心、消化不良)及皮疹。
  • 肌溶解症风险: 与其他可增加洛伐他汀及其代谢物血浆浓度的药物共用,可能会增加肌溶解的风险。
  • 肝功能检查与监测: 建议治疗或加量6~12周后进行肝功能检查,并每半年复查一次。
生产方法概述

洛伐他汀可以通过特定菌种(如Monescus ruber)的发酵得到。该过程涉及培养条件的选择、产物提取和精制等步骤,最终通过结晶纯化获得洛伐他汀。

总的来说,洛伐他汀是一种重要的药物,能够有效降低血液中的胆固醇水平,并且在预防心血管疾病方面具有重要作用。其研究和发展对于现代医学具有重要意义。

上下游信息

  • 上游原料
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
    • 1
    • 2
  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 6
    • 7

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    洛伐他汀四氢吡咯吡啶盐酸正丁基锂硫酸原甲酸三乙酯 作用下, 以 四氢呋喃正己烷甲苯 为溶剂, 反应 3.0h, 生成 辛伐他汀
    参考文献:
    名称:
    降胆固醇药辛伐他汀合成的新方法
    摘要:
    报道了一种从天然洛伐他汀制备降胆固醇药物辛伐他汀的新合成方法。该合成首先采用洛伐他汀(1)的OH基团的保护,然后采用内酯CO基团的保护以防止通过转化为原酸酯4a和4b来烯醇化。然后成功地实现了2-甲基丁酸酯侧链的烷基化。去除保护基得到抗高胆固醇血症药物辛伐他汀(2)。
    DOI:
    10.1002/hlca.200390066
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    lovastatin acid三氟乙酸 作用下, 以 乙酸乙酯 为溶剂, 反应 0.17h, 生成 洛伐他汀
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Bioprospecting lovastatin production from a novel producer Cunninghamella blakesleeana
    摘要:
    除了具有抗胆固醇的活性外,洛伐他汀在治疗各种疾病(尤其是癌症)方面的应用也受到全世界的关注。研究人员从土壤样本中分离出 36 种丝状真菌,并通过酵母生长生物测定法对其生产的洛伐他汀进行了筛选。C9 菌株(后被鉴定为 Cunninghamella blakesleeana)被筛选为生产洛伐他汀的潜在菌株。使用 TLC、HPTLC 和 HPLC 对化合物进行了进一步确认,分别观察到与标准洛伐他汀相似的 Rf 值、密度图峰和色谱峰。纯化后的洛伐他汀在红外分析中显示出与标准洛伐他汀相似的内酯环峰,位于 1763.63 cm-1 处。对纯化的洛伐他汀进行进一步的结构分析,包括核磁共振和液相色谱-质谱分析,证实其分子式和分子量与标准品相似。在定量方面,C.blakesleeana、赤曲霉和黄曲霉在未进行任何优化的情况下分别产生了1.4 mg g-1 DWS、0.83 mg g-1 DWS和0.3 mg g-1 DWS的洛伐他汀(p <0.0001)。洛伐他汀具有明显的抗氧化性,IC50:145.9 µg mL-1(140 µL),在199.5 µg/mL时抑制率最大,具有统计学意义(p <0.0001)。
    DOI:
    10.1007/s13205-018-1384-y
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    <16,16,16,16',16',16'-2H6>Lycopin 在 Flavobacterium R 1560 homogenate 、 洛伐他汀 作用下, 以 乙醇 为溶剂, 反应 20.0h, 以5 mg的产率得到(1R,1'R)-<16,16,16,16',16',16'-2H6>-β,β-carotene
    参考文献:
    名称:
    番茄红素β-环形成的立体化学:从[16,16,16]生物合成(1R,1'R)-β,β-[16,16,16,16',16',16'-2H6]胡萝卜素,16',16',16'-2H6]黄杆菌属中的番茄红素 R 1560
    摘要:
    在黄杆菌培养物中氘化前体的孵育产生了特定的氘化类胡萝卜素。对这些分析得出几个结论: i) 番茄红素是 β,β-胡萝卜素的直接前体。ii) 它的末端 Me 基团在环化过程中保持其完整性:1,5-二烯存在立体特异性折叠。番茄红素的 Me(16,16') 基团变成 β,β-胡萝卜素的 Me(16,16')。因此,折叠必须遵循 C2(E,E) 模式。iii) 氘的掺入足够广泛,可以对分离的 β,β-胡萝卜素进行 CD 测量,从而将其手性中心指定为 (1S,1'S)。iv) 将[2H3]甲羟戊酸掺入玉米黄质中产生相同的手性。描述了具体氘化的 [2H3]GPP、[2H3]FPP 和 [2H3]GG 的合成。
    DOI:
    10.1002/1522-2675(20000809)83:8<2036::aid-hlca2036>3.0.co;2-5
点击查看最新优质反应信息

文献信息

  • DISUBSTITUTED TRIFLUOROMETHYL PYRIMIDINONES AND THEIR USE
    申请人:BAYER PHARMA AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
    公开号:US20160221965A1
    公开(公告)日:2016-08-04
    The present application relates to novel 2,5-disubstituted 6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one derivatives, to processes for their preparation, to their use alone or in combinations for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, and to their use for preparing medicaments for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, in particular for treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular, renal, inflammatory and fibrotic diseases.
    本申请涉及新颖的2,5-二取代6-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-4(3H)-酮衍生物,其制备方法,其单独或与其他药物联合用于治疗和/或预防疾病,以及用于制备治疗和/或预防疾病的药物,特别是用于治疗和/或预防心血管、肾脏、炎症和纤维化疾病。
  • [EN] COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING CDK INHIBITORS AND METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANCER<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS ET COMPOSITIONS COMPRENANT DES INHIBITEURS DES CDK ET MÉTHODES DE TRAITEMENT DU CANCER
    申请人:UNIV GEORGIA STATE RES FOUND
    公开号:WO2010129858A1
    公开(公告)日:2010-11-11
    Disclosed herein are compounds suitable for use as antitumor agents, methods for treating cancer wherein the disclosed compounds are used in making a medicament for the treatment of cancer, methods for treating a tumor comprising, administering to a subject a composition comprising one or more of the disclosed cytotoxic agents, and methods for preparing the disclosed antitumor agents.
    本文披露了适用作抗肿瘤药剂的化合物,用于治疗癌症的方法,其中所披露的化合物用于制备治疗癌症的药物,治疗肿瘤的方法包括向受试者施用包含一种或多种所披露的细胞毒性药剂的组合物,以及制备所披露的抗肿瘤药剂的方法。
  • [EN] INHIBITORS OF BRUTON'S TYROSINE KINASE<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE TYROSINE KINASE DE BRUTON
    申请人:BIOCAD JOINT STOCK CO
    公开号:WO2018092047A1
    公开(公告)日:2018-05-24
    The present invention relates to a new compound of formula I: or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or stereoisomer thereof, wherein: V1 is C or N, V2 is C(R2) or N, whereby if V1 is C then V2 is N, if V1 is C then V2 is C(R2), or if V1 is N then V2 is C(R2); each n, k is independently 0, 1; each R2, R11 is independently H, D, Hal, CN, NR'R", C(O)NR'R", C1-C6 alkoxy; R3 is H, D, hydroxy, C(O)C1-C6 alkyl, C(O)C2-C6 alkenyl, C(O)C2-C6 alkynyl, C1-C6 alkyl; R4 is H, Hal, CN, CONR'R", hydroxy, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy; L is CH2, NH, O or chemical bond; R1 is selected from the group of the fragments, comprising: Fragment 1, Fragment 2, Fragment 3 each A1, A2, A3, A4 is independently CH, N, CHal; each A5, A6, A7, A8, A9 is independently C, CH or N; R5 is H, CN, Hal, CONR'R", C1-C6 alkyl, non-substituted or substituted by one or more halogens; each R' and R" is independently selected from the group, comprising H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl; R6 is selected from the group: [formula II] each R7, R8, R9, R10 is independently vinyl, methylacetylenyl; Hal is CI, Br, I, F, which have properties of inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, and their use as pharmaceuticals for treatment of diseases and disorder.
    本发明涉及一种新的化合物,其化学式为I:或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化合物或立体异构体,其中:V1为C或N,V2为C(R2)或N,如果V1为C,则V2为N,如果V1为C,则V2为C(R2),或者如果V1为N,则V2为C(R2);每个n,k独立地为0或1;每个R2,R11独立地为H,D,Hal,CN,NR'R",C(O)NR'R",C1-C6烷氧基;R3为H,D,羟基,C(O)C1-C6烷基,C(O)C2-C6烯基,C(O)C2-C6炔基,C1-C6烷基;R4为H,Hal,CN,CONR'R",羟基,C1-C6烷基,C1-C6烷氧基;L为CH2,NH,O或化学键;R1从包括的片段组中选择:片段1,片段2,片段3,每个A1,A2,A3,A4独立地为CH,N,CHal;每个A5,A6,A7,A8,A9独立地为C,CH或N;R5为H,CN,Hal,CONR'R",C1-C6烷基,未取代或被一个或多个卤素取代;每个R'和R"独立地从包括H,C1-C6烷基,C1-C6环烷基,芳基的组中选择;R6从组中选择:[化学式II]每个R7,R8,R9,R10独立地为乙烯基,甲基乙炔基;Hal为CI,Br,I,F,具有布鲁顿酪氨酸激酶(Btk)抑制剂的性质,以及含有这种化合物的药物组合物,以及它们作为治疗疾病和紊乱的药物的用途。
  • [EN] CATHEPSIN CYSTEINE PROTEASE INHIBITORS<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE PROTÉASES À CYSTÉINE DE TYPE CATHEPSINES
    申请人:MERCK SHARP & DOHME
    公开号:WO2015054038A1
    公开(公告)日:2015-04-16
    This invention relates to a novel class of compounds which are cysteine protease inhibitors, including but not limited to, inhibitors of cathepsins K, L, S and B. These compounds are useful for treating diseases in which inhibition of bone resorption is indicated, such as osteoporosis.
    这项发明涉及一类新型化合物,它们是半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,包括但不限于对卡特普辛K、L、S和B的抑制剂。这些化合物可用于治疗需要抑制骨吸收的疾病,如骨质疏松症。
  • Small molecules for treatment of hypercholesterolemia and related diseases
    申请人:Sircar C. Jagadish
    公开号:US20050277690A1
    公开(公告)日:2005-12-15
    The present invention provides compositions adapted to enhance reverse cholesterol transport in mammals. The compositions are suitable for oral delivery and useful in the treatment and/or prevention of hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular diseases.
    本发明提供了适用于增强哺乳动物体内逆向胆固醇转运的组合物。这些组合物适合口服给药,并可用于治疗和/或预防高胆固醇血症、动脉粥样硬化及相关心血管疾病。
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