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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1H-Cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one, hexahydro-3,6,6-trimethyl- —— C10H16O2
    1H-Cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one, hexahydro-3,6,6-trimethyl-
    —— 3-Oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-2-one, 7-methyl- —— C8H10O2
    3-Oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-2-one, 7-methyl-
    —— methyl 1-oxo-5-[phenyl(trimethylsilyl)methylidene]-3a,4,6,6a,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-pentaleno[1,2-c]furan-3b-carboxylate —— C22H28O4Si
    methyl 1-oxo-5-[phenyl(trimethylsilyl)methylidene]-3a,4,6,6a,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-pentaleno[1,2-c]furan-3b-carboxylate
    —— 5-[N-methoxy-C-(trimethylsilyloxymethyl)carbonimidoyl]-3,4-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)oxolan-2-one —— C16H35NO6Si3
    5-[N-methoxy-C-(trimethylsilyloxymethyl)carbonimidoyl]-3,4-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)oxolan-2-one
    —— 3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methyl-dihydrofuran-2-one, 2TMS derivative —— C11H24O4Si2
    3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methyl-dihydrofuran-2-one, 2TMS derivative
    —— 4-(3-hydroxyiminobutyl)-5,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C10H17NO3
    4-(3-hydroxyiminobutyl)-5,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 1H-Cyclopenta[c]furan-3(3aH)-one, 6,6a-dihydro-1-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-, (3aR,1-trans,6a-cis)- —— C10H12O4
    1H-Cyclopenta[c]furan-3(3aH)-one, 6,6a-dihydro-1-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-, (3aR,1-trans,6a-cis)-
    —— 5-(1-Iodo-1-methyl-ethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C9H15IO2
    5-(1-Iodo-1-methyl-ethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— Valeric acid, 3,5-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-, delta-lactone —— C7H12O3
    Valeric acid, 3,5-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-, delta-lactone
    —— 3-Methyl-hexahydro-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2-one —— C9H14O3
    3-Methyl-hexahydro-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2-one
    —— Tetrahydro[2,2']bifuranyl-5-one —— C8H12O3
    Tetrahydro[2,2']bifuranyl-5-one
    —— Oxane-3-carboxylic acid, 6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-, ethyl ester —— C17H19BrO5
    Oxane-3-carboxylic acid, 6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-, ethyl ester
    —— 6-(4-Bromophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H17BrO3
    6-(4-Bromophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 4-Ethyl-3,3,4-trimethyloxetan-2-one —— C8H14O2
    4-Ethyl-3,3,4-trimethyloxetan-2-one
    —— 6-(3-Bromophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H17BrO3
    6-(3-Bromophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 6-((Z)-1-Bromo-2-phenyl-vinyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione —— C17H19BrO3
    6-((Z)-1-Bromo-2-phenyl-vinyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione
    —— 6-(2-Iodophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione —— C15H17IO3
    6-(2-Iodophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione
    —— 5-Ethyl-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H17FO3
    5-Ethyl-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 6-Ethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)tetrahydro(2H)pyran-2-one —— C10H18O2
    6-Ethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)tetrahydro(2H)pyran-2-one
    —— 2(3H)-Furanone, 4,5-dihydro-4-(2-methyl-3-methylenebut-4-yl)- —— C10H16O2
    2(3H)-Furanone, 4,5-dihydro-4-(2-methyl-3-methylenebut-4-yl)-
    —— 4,5-bis(prop-1-enyl)oxolan-2-one —— C10H14O2
    4,5-bis(prop-1-enyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-methyl-4-prop-1-enyloxetan-2-one —— C7H10O2
    3-methyl-4-prop-1-enyloxetan-2-one
    —— 4,4a,5,7a-Tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one —— C8H10O2
    4,4a,5,7a-Tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one
    —— 2,6-Dimethyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]dec-8-en-3-one —— C11H14O2
    2,6-Dimethyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— 3,3-Dimethyl-4,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one —— C10H14O2
    3,3-Dimethyl-4,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one
    —— 2-Oxabicyclo[4.3.0]non-8-en-3-one, 4-methyl-, endo —— C9H12O2
    2-Oxabicyclo[4.3.0]non-8-en-3-one, 4-methyl-, endo
    —— 3-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C8H11F3O3
    3-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 6-Dibromoethenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-4-one-1-carboxylic acid, methyl ester —— C9H8Br2O4
    6-Dibromoethenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-4-one-1-carboxylic acid, methyl ester
    —— (-)-3,4-Di-O-methyl-2-deoxy-D-ribono-1,5-lactone —— C7H12O4
    (-)-3,4-Di-O-methyl-2-deoxy-D-ribono-1,5-lactone
    —— 3-Ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-6-phenyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione —— C15H18O3
    3-Ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-6-phenyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione
    —— 6-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione —— C15H17ClO3
    6-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione
    —— Furane-2,3-dione, tetrahydro-5-tert-butyl-5-hydroxy- —— C8H12O4
    Furane-2,3-dione, tetrahydro-5-tert-butyl-5-hydroxy-
    —— 2H-Pyran-2,4(3H)-dione, 6-(4-bromophenyl)-3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl- —— C15H17BrO3
    2H-Pyran-2,4(3H)-dione, 6-(4-bromophenyl)-3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-
    —— trans-1-Oxaspiro[4.5]decane-2,8-dione, 6-carbomethoxy- —— C11H14O5
    trans-1-Oxaspiro[4.5]decane-2,8-dione, 6-carbomethoxy-
    —— 4-(2-Bromoacetyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one —— C11H15BrO3
    4-(2-Bromoacetyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— rac-4-(2,3-dimethylbu-2-en-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C10H16O2
    rac-4-(2,3-dimethylbu-2-en-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 1-oxacycloundec-8-ene-2,7-dione —— C10H14O3
    1-oxacycloundec-8-ene-2,7-dione
    —— 5a-methoxy-9a-methyl-3-prop-1-enyl-3,4,4a,6,7,8,10,10a-octahydropyrano[4,3-b]chromene-1,9-dione —— C17H24O5
    5a-methoxy-9a-methyl-3-prop-1-enyl-3,4,4a,6,7,8,10,10a-octahydropyrano[4,3-b]chromene-1,9-dione
    —— 4-Methoxy-5-(methoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H12O4
    4-Methoxy-5-(methoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 7-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-oxepan-2-one 102541-04-8 C9H16O3
    7-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-oxepan-2-one
    —— 3,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-one —— C6H10O5
    3,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— 8-Acetoxy-5b-methylperhydrocyclobuta[n]phenanthrene-11-ol-2,3-dione-2a-propanoic acid lactone —— C22H28O6
    8-Acetoxy-5b-methylperhydrocyclobuta[n]phenanthrene-11-ol-2,3-dione-2a-propanoic acid lactone
    —— Spiro[oxirane-2,1'(1'H)-indene], 2',3',3'a,4',7',7'a-hexahydro-5'-acetyl-2',3',3'a,7'-tetrahydroxy-4-carboxy-, 3,4-lactone —— C14H16O7
    Spiro[oxirane-2,1'(1'H)-indene], 2',3',3'a,4',7',7'a-hexahydro-5'-acetyl-2',3',3'a,7'-tetrahydroxy-4-carboxy-, 3,4-lactone
    —— 1S,3R,4S,5R,6S-1-Hydroxy-2,2,3,4,5,6-hexamethyl-8-oxo-7,9-dioxatricyclo[4.2.1.0(3,5)]nonane —— C13H20O4
    1S,3R,4S,5R,6S-1-Hydroxy-2,2,3,4,5,6-hexamethyl-8-oxo-7,9-dioxatricyclo[4.2.1.0(3,5)]nonane
    —— 2-Hydroxy-1,2,5,5,6,7exo-hexamethyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane —— C12H20O3
    2-Hydroxy-1,2,5,5,6,7exo-hexamethyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethylhept-5-enoic acid lactone —— C10H16O2
    4-Hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethylhept-5-enoic acid lactone
    —— trans-4,cis-6-Dimethyl-7-oxo-8-oxabicyclo(2.2.2)octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C10H14O4
    trans-4,cis-6-Dimethyl-7-oxo-8-oxabicyclo(2.2.2)octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— 5-hexyl-5-methyl-2,4(3H,5H)-furandione —— C11H18O3
    5-hexyl-5-methyl-2,4(3H,5H)-furandione
    —— 3-Methoxy-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one —— C7H12O3
    3-Methoxy-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (+)-4a,7,7a,8,9,10,11a-Octahydro-3,3,7,10,11-pentamethyl-6-oxo-1,2,4-trioxino[6.5-j]-2-benzopyran —— C15H24O5
    (+)-4a,7,7a,8,9,10,11a-Octahydro-3,3,7,10,11-pentamethyl-6-oxo-1,2,4-trioxino[6.5-j]-2-benzopyran