内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (S,S,S)-N(2)-α-methylbenzyl-3,4-dimethyl-4-allylisoxazolidin-5-one | 1236003-54-5 | C16H21NO2 |
| —— | isomarrubilin | 83997-35-7 | C20H28O4 |
| —— | (3S,4R,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-((S)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1096707-33-3 | C10H18O4 |
| —— | 3-(2'-methylprop-1'-enyl)-4-(3'-methylbut-1'(E)-enyl)-5-phenylfuran-2(5H)-one | 1033107-37-7 | C19H22O2 |
| —— | (3aS,5S,7R,7aR)-5-hydroxy-7-iodo-hexahydro-1-benzofuran-2(3H)-one | 1240284-58-5 | C8H11IO3 |
| —— | (Z)-(4-(chloro(phenyl)methylene)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl acetate | 1392486-27-9 | C14H13ClO4 |
| —— | (3R,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methoxyoxolan-2-one | 1583259-54-4 | C6H10O5 |
| —— | Isobutyric acid (3S,3aR,4R,6R,8S,9R,9aS,9bR)-6,8-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,6,8,9,9a,9b-decahydro-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl ester | 118304-21-5 | C19H28O6 |
| —— | (3aR,6aS)-3a-Methyl-1-((S)-1-phenyl-ethyl)-tetrahydro-furo[3,2-c]isoxazol-5-one | 102302-82-9 | C14H17NO3 |
| —— | (2R,5S)-2-tert-butyl-5-ethyl-5-(2-propenyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-one | 115860-86-1 | C12H20O3 |
| —— | (Z)-3-(3-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)propylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1240239-83-1 | C23H28O3Si |
| —— | (2S,3S,4R)-2-Hexyl-3-hydroxy-4-pentanolide | 92017-12-4 | C11H20O3 |
| —— | 5,7,7-Trimethyl-3,6-dioxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2,4-dion | 64197-97-3 | C8H10O4 |
| —— | (1S,6R,7R,9S)-(-)-7,9-Dihydroxy-9-methyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>nonan-2-on | 97119-27-2 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | 2-(cyclopenten-3-yl)ethyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-one | 125364-81-0 | C10H14O2S |
| —— | 5-Oxo-2-phenethyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 64027-92-5 | C14H16O4 |
| —— | 1360925-65-0 | C15H15F3O5 | |
| —— | (4R,6R)-6-{2-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-1,2,6,7,8,8a-Hexahydro-6-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-8-(2-methyl-2-propylvaleryloxy)-2-methyl-1-naphthyl]ethyl}-tetrahydro-4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2H-pyran-2-one | 159224-80-3 | C39H70O6Si2 |
| —— | (Z)-4-acetoxy-3-ethylidene-1-oxaspiro<4.4>nonan-2-one | 120584-38-5 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | 3-(2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-6-oxo-1-(trimethylsilyloxy)cyclohexa-2,4-dienyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1621232-90-3 | C13H14Cl4O4Si |
| —— | 1092102-52-7 | C15H26O3Si | |
| —— | methyl (1S,4S,5R)-4-methyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylate | 116949-60-1 | C8H10O4 |
| —— | 89272-46-8 | C15H20O4 | |
| —— | 8-ethyl-1,8-dimethyl-2,6-dioxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-3,5-dione | 859198-60-0 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | Isobutyric acid (3S,3aR,4R,6R,6aS,9bS)-6-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,8-dioxo-2,3,3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9b-decahydro-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl ester | 123159-81-9 | C19H26O6 |
| —— | 4-bromoacetyl-5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 90555-73-0 | C8H11BrO3 |
| —— | (3a<i>t</i>,3b<i>t</i>,7a<i>t</i>,7b<i>t</i>)-octahydro-5<i>r</i>,2-[1]oxapropano-benzo[3,4]cyclobuta[1,2-<i>c</i>]pyrrole-1,3,9-trione | 72137-08-7 | C12H13NO4 |
| —— | 6-hexyl-1-phenyl-5-oxaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-one | 1611477-08-7 | C18H24O2 |
| —— | 6-Ethyl-2-oxo-octahydro-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid | 65461-01-0 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | (3S,4S,6aS,9bS)-4,6a-Dihydroxy-9-methyl-6-methylene-3-morpholin-4-ylmethyl-3a,4,5,6,6a,7,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one | 96836-51-0 | C19H27NO5 |
| —— | Carbamic acid, (tetrahydro-4-methyl-5-oxo-3-furanyl)-, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester, (3S-cis)- | 137105-98-7 | C10H17NO4 |
| —— | 3-[5-(ethoxymethyl)-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl]propionyl chloride | 1338212-47-7 | C10H15ClO4 |
| —— | 5-ethyl-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxolan-2-one | 80934-71-0 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | (1S,5S)-1-(4-Methyl-2-oxo-pent-3-enyl)-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one | 114838-25-4 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | (2aR,4aS,7aR,7bS)-Hexahydro-1,4-dioxa-cyclopenta[cd]indene-2,3-dione | 91492-07-8 | C9H10O4 |
| —— | 6<i>t</i>-methoxy-1,3,9-trioxo-(3a<i>t</i>,3b<i>t</i>,7a<i>t</i>,7b<i>t</i>)-decahydro-5<i>r</i>,2-[1]oxapropano-benzo[3,4]cyclobuta[1,2-<i>c</i>]pyrrole-7<i>c</i>-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 72137-09-8 | C15H17NO7 |
| —— | 7-Hydroxy-octansaeure-dilacton | 18261-39-7 | C16H28O4 |
| —— | (1R,5R,7R)-3-Oxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>1,5</sup>]dec-8-en-2-one | 116385-70-7 | C9H10O2 |
| —— | (3R,3aR,6aS)-3-(2-Chloro-ethyl)-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 71254-38-1 | C9H11ClO2 |
| —— | 11β-hydroxy-3-oxo-18-nor-androst-4-ene-13,17β-dicarboxylic acid-13-lactone-17-methyl ester | 14508-00-0 | C21H26O5 |
| —— | Phenyl-carbamic acid (3S,4S,5S)-5-isopropyl-4-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester | 107465-09-8 | C15H19NO4 |
| —— | (3S,3aS,5aS,5bR,11aR,11bS,13aR)-9-Chloro-3,11a-dimethyl-3a,4,5,5a,5b,6,8,9,10,11,11a,11b,12,13-tetradecahydro-3H-2-oxa-pentaleno[1,6a-a]phenanthren-1-one | 81723-12-8 | C21H29ClO2 |
| —— | tert-butyl N-[(4S,4aR,8aR)-6-methylidene-1-oxo-4,4a,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3H-isochromen-4-yl]carbamate | 173027-97-9 | C15H23NO4 |
| —— | (1R,2R)-2-((R)-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)cyclopropanecarbaldehyde | 165038-13-1 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | (2S,4R)-2-hydroxy-4-iodomethyl-4-butanolide | 830334-89-9 | C5H7IO3 |
| —— | (2S,3R,4S,5R)-dimethyl 2-cyclohexyl-6-oxo-7-oxa-1-azaspiro[4.4]nonane-3,4-dicarboxylate | 1393366-81-8 | C17H25NO6 |
| —— | [(E)-1-(4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)ethylideneamino]urea | 99063-96-4 | C9H15N3O3 |
| —— | (3aS,6aR)-3a-Methyl-1-((S)-1-phenyl-ethyl)-tetrahydro-furo[3,2-c]isoxazol-5-one | 102341-90-2 | C14H17NO3 |
| —— | 2-oxo-4-trimethylsilyloxy-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 61996-13-2 | C11H18O4Si |
| —— | 7-(Bromomethyl)-6-oxaspiro[3.4]octan-5-one | 1803590-51-3 | C8H11BrO2 |
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