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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 8,10-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undeca-7,10-diene-2,9-dione 1234665-38-3 C12H14O3
    8,10-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undeca-7,10-diene-2,9-dione
    —— (1R,2S,6R)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.2]decan-8-one 1239999-12-2 C14H23NO4
    (1R,2S,6R)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.2]decan-8-one
    —— 5-Methyl-4-nitrooxolan-2-one 1321597-33-4 C5H7NO4
    5-Methyl-4-nitrooxolan-2-one
    —— (3Z)-3-benzylidene-4-methyloxolan-2-one 1342795-47-4 C12H12O2
    (3Z)-3-benzylidene-4-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4S)-4-(3-methylphenyl)oxan-2-one 1315613-51-4 C12H14O2
    (4S)-4-(3-methylphenyl)oxan-2-one
    —— (3aS,5R,5aS,8aR,8bS)-5,8-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5a,6,8a,8b-hexahydrocyclopenta[g][1]benzofuran-5-carbaldehyde 1380109-58-9 C15H18O3
    (3aS,5R,5aS,8aR,8bS)-5,8-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5a,6,8a,8b-hexahydrocyclopenta[g][1]benzofuran-5-carbaldehyde
    —— (3aS,9R,9aS,9bS)-9-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,8,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one 1380109-59-0 C15H18O3
    (3aS,9R,9aS,9bS)-9-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,8,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— (1R,4aR,6aS,9aS)-8,8-dimethyl-2,7-dioxospiro[4,4a,6a,9-tetrahydropentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylic acid —— C15H16O6
    (1R,4aR,6aS,9aS)-8,8-dimethyl-2,7-dioxospiro[4,4a,6a,9-tetrahydropentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylic acid
    —— (4S,6S)-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxane-2,5-dione 130469-67-9 C6H8O4
    (4S,6S)-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxane-2,5-dione
    —— (6S,12R)-3-(furan-3-yl)-6,12,16-trimethyl-2,8,14,17-tetraoxapentacyclo[7.6.1.13,9.01,12.05,16]heptadecane-7,13-dione —— C20H22O7
    (6S,12R)-3-(furan-3-yl)-6,12,16-trimethyl-2,8,14,17-tetraoxapentacyclo[7.6.1.13,9.01,12.05,16]heptadecane-7,13-dione
    —— 2-Methylene-3-(2'-hydroxycyclooctyl)propanoic Acid, δ-Lactone (Trans-Isomer) 128243-17-4 C12H18O2
    2-Methylene-3-(2'-hydroxycyclooctyl)propanoic Acid, δ-Lactone (Trans-Isomer)
    —— [(3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] (1R,2R,4R)-2-(trifluoromethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylate 131758-78-6 C15H17F3O4
    [(3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] (1R,2R,4R)-2-(trifluoromethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— artabsinolide A 82078-63-5 C15H20O5
    artabsinolide A
    —— artabsinolide B 76564-29-9 C15H20O5
    artabsinolide B
    —— [(3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] (1S,2R,4S)-2-(trifluoromethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylate 131758-78-6 C15H17F3O4
    [(3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] (1S,2R,4S)-2-(trifluoromethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— [(1S,3S,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C25H42O5
    [(1S,3S,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— (3S,4R)-4-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-5-pentanolide 139241-85-3 C11H19NO4
    (3S,4R)-4-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-5-pentanolide
    —— 12-O-acetylteugnaphalodin 101416-57-3 C22H28O8
    12-O-acetylteugnaphalodin
    —— (3R,3aS,4S,6aS)-6a-Methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester 143468-54-6 C16H16O4
    (3R,3aS,4S,6aS)-6a-Methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— (3aR,4S,6aS)-6a-Methyl-4-phenyl-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 143468-66-0 C14H14O2
    (3aR,4S,6aS)-6a-Methyl-4-phenyl-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3Z,3aS,8aR)-3-(trimethylsilylmethylidene)-4,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one 105688-50-4 C13H22O2Si
    (3Z,3aS,8aR)-3-(trimethylsilylmethylidene)-4,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (2S,3S,4R,5S)-5-amino-3-dimethylphenylsilyl-2,7-dimethyl-4-octanolide 145063-91-8 C18H29NO2Si
    (2S,3S,4R,5S)-5-amino-3-dimethylphenylsilyl-2,7-dimethyl-4-octanolide
    —— (2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-amino-3-hydroxy-2,7-dimethyl-4-octanolide 145063-92-9 C10H19NO3
    (2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-amino-3-hydroxy-2,7-dimethyl-4-octanolide
    —— (3E,5R)-3-dodec-11-enylidene-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C17H28O3
    (3E,5R)-3-dodec-11-enylidene-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-5-ethynyl-4,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone 1266113-83-0 C7H8O3
    (4S,5S)-5-ethynyl-4,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3aS,4aS,5S,8aR,8bR)-4a-ethenyl-5-(methoxymethoxy)-8a-methyl-1,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydroindeno[2,1-b]furan-2-one 1551299-54-7 C16H24O4
    (3aS,4aS,5S,8aR,8bR)-4a-ethenyl-5-(methoxymethoxy)-8a-methyl-1,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydroindeno[2,1-b]furan-2-one
    —— 1266113-87-4 C19H36O3Sn
    —— octahydro-2H,2'H-2,3'-bipyran-2'-one 1301601-64-8 C10H16O3
    octahydro-2H,2'H-2,3'-bipyran-2'-one
    —— (1R,4R,8S,9R,13S)-9,12,12-trimethyl-2,11-dioxatetracyclo[6.4.1.01,9.04,13]tridecan-10-one 1315247-09-6 C14H20O3
    (1R,4R,8S,9R,13S)-9,12,12-trimethyl-2,11-dioxatetracyclo[6.4.1.01,9.04,13]tridecan-10-one
    —— methyl (4S,9R,10S,14R,16S)-6-methyl-2,8,11-trioxo-3-oxatetracyclo[7.6.1.0<sup>4,16</sup>,0<sup>10,14</sup>]hexadeca-1(15),6-diene-10-carboxylate 1305334-69-3 C18H18O6
    methyl (4S,9R,10S,14R,16S)-6-methyl-2,8,11-trioxo-3-oxatetracyclo[7.6.1.0<sup>4,16</sup>,0<sup>10,14</sup>]hexadeca-1(15),6-diene-10-carboxylate
    —— (Z)-α-(1'-chloroethylidene)-β-methyl-γ-butyrolactone 1019264-75-5 C7H9ClO2
    (Z)-α-(1'-chloroethylidene)-β-methyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (6R)-6-[(3R)-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-3-yl]-6-undecyloxan-2-one 1024006-21-0 C24H42O4
    (6R)-6-[(3R)-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-3-yl]-6-undecyloxan-2-one
    —— 8-hydroxy-5-oxaspiro[3.4]octan-6-one 1029378-44-6 C7H10O3
    8-hydroxy-5-oxaspiro[3.4]octan-6-one
    —— (1S,4S,5S,6S)-6-(1-adamantoyl)-4-hydroxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 1030901-11-1 C17H22O4
    (1S,4S,5S,6S)-6-(1-adamantoyl)-4-hydroxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 5-Cyclopentylidene-8-phenyl-9-oxatricyclo[5.3.0.01,3]dec-6-en-10-one 1033107-44-6 C20H20O2
    5-Cyclopentylidene-8-phenyl-9-oxatricyclo[5.3.0.01,3]dec-6-en-10-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-5-[(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)methyl]-5-ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 869210-38-8 C19H40O4Si2
    (4R,5R)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-5-[(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)methyl]-5-ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (2S,3S)-5-oxo-2-(1E-pentenyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid 1035867-86-7 C10H14O4
    (2S,3S)-5-oxo-2-(1E-pentenyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (4R,5R)-5-allyl-4-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-5-[(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)methyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 869210-39-9 C20H40O4Si2
    (4R,5R)-5-allyl-4-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-5-[(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)methyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (4S,5S)-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one 1041189-69-8 C7H12O4
    (4S,5S)-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-bromo-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one 41788-52-7 C6H9BrO2
    (3R,5S)-3-bromo-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— <1R-(1α,6α)>-6-methyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.1.0>heptan-2-one 145576-42-7 C7H10O2
    <1R-(1α,6α)>-6-methyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.1.0>heptan-2-one
    —— (2R,3R,4R)-2-(4'-chlorobutyl)-3-iodo-1-oxocyclohexane-2,4-carbolactone 210684-55-2 C11H14ClIO3
    (2R,3R,4R)-2-(4'-chlorobutyl)-3-iodo-1-oxocyclohexane-2,4-carbolactone
    —— (3S,4R,5R,6S)-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-5,6-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1312341-32-4 C10H18O3
    (3S,4R,5R,6S)-4-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-5,6-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (3R,6R)-6-methyl-3-prop-2-enyloxan-2-one 1365543-55-0 C9H14O2
    (3R,6R)-6-methyl-3-prop-2-enyloxan-2-one
    —— (S)-3-m-tolyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1330660-81-5 C12H14O2
    (S)-3-m-tolyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxaldehyde 1322113-57-4 C10H14O3
    2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxaldehyde
    —— (3S,4S)-3,4-Dihydroxy-6-methylheptansaeure-1,4-lacton 55714-43-7 C8H14O3
    (3S,4S)-3,4-Dihydroxy-6-methylheptansaeure-1,4-lacton
    —— tagitinin F 59979-57-6 C19H24O6
    tagitinin F
    —— (3R,4S)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-vinyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 142075-83-0 C13H24O3Si
    (3R,4S)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-vinyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— 5-(1'-iodo-1'(Z)-octenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 1100356-31-7 C12H19IO2
    5-(1'-iodo-1'(Z)-octenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone