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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-3-deoxy-2-Se-phenyl-2-seleno-D-threo-pentonic acid γ-lactone 115728-43-3 C27H30O3SeSi
    5-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-3-deoxy-2-Se-phenyl-2-seleno-D-threo-pentonic acid γ-lactone
    —— tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-<2-(propynyl)>-2-furancarboxylic acid 179815-17-9 C8H8O4
    tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-<2-(propynyl)>-2-furancarboxylic acid
    —— [(2S)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate 144867-89-0 C10H16O4
    [(2S)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
    —— 4-hydroxy-2-keto-4-methylglutaric lactone 512-76-5 C6H6O5
    4-hydroxy-2-keto-4-methylglutaric lactone
    —— (R)-δ-decalactone 2825-91-4 C10H18O2
    (R)-δ-decalactone
    —— <i>xylo</i>-3-deoxy-hexonic acid-4-lactone 119008-23-0 C6H10O5
    <i>xylo</i>-3-deoxy-hexonic acid-4-lactone
    —— 6-(3-ethoxy-propyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 412275-35-5 C10H18O3
    6-(3-ethoxy-propyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— α-Allyl-γ-valerolacton 3926-76-9 C8H12O2
    α-Allyl-γ-valerolacton
    —— α-allyl-α-carboxy-γ-valerolactone 65838-76-8 C9H12O4
    α-allyl-α-carboxy-γ-valerolactone
    —— L-Galactonsaeure-γ-lacton 74464-44-1 C6H10O6
    L-Galactonsaeure-γ-lacton
    —— 1262045-16-8 C17H15NO2
    —— 1309374-08-0 C14H22O3
    —— (5S)-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-(4R)-(5'-phenylpentyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one 271246-03-8 C21H31NO4
    (5S)-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-(4R)-(5'-phenylpentyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (5S)-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-(4R)-(5'-phenylpentyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one 271245-94-4 C21H31NO4
    (5S)-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-(4R)-(5'-phenylpentyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 3-Methyl-5-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 74133-30-5 C10H16O2
    3-Methyl-5-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (E)-4-<cyclohexyl(phenyl)methylene>tetrahydrofuran-2-one 132608-31-2 C17H20O2
    (E)-4-<cyclohexyl(phenyl)methylene>tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 71975-10-5 C12H14O2
    —— Monocrotalic acid 26543-09-9 C8H12O5
    Monocrotalic acid
    —— 3-(1,2-dimethylpropylidene)-5-({[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}methyl)furan-2,4(3H,5H)-dione 926648-82-0 C16H26O5Si
    3-(1,2-dimethylpropylidene)-5-({[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}methyl)furan-2,4(3H,5H)-dione
    —— (8R)-4,8,12-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]tridecan-3-one 71816-53-0 C15H24O2
    (8R)-4,8,12-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]tridecan-3-one
    —— (2R,4S)-4-Methoxy-4-((2R,3S,5R)-3-methoxy-5-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-2-methyl-butyric acid methyl ester 118227-54-6 C14H24O6
    (2R,4S)-4-Methoxy-4-((2R,3S,5R)-3-methoxy-5-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-2-methyl-butyric acid methyl ester
    —— (R)-5-Ethynyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 118800-14-9 C6H6O2
    (R)-5-Ethynyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— butalactin 132605-69-7 C11H14O6
    butalactin
    —— (3-acetyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetaldehyde 114351-84-7 C9H12O4
    (3-acetyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetaldehyde
    —— 2,2-dimethyl-butyric acid (1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-3,7-dimethyl-8-[2-((2R,4R)-4-nitrooxy-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl]-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-napthalen-1-yl ester 1005139-46-7 C25H37NO7
    2,2-dimethyl-butyric acid (1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-3,7-dimethyl-8-[2-((2R,4R)-4-nitrooxy-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl]-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-napthalen-1-yl ester
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(S)-<(2,2-dimethylbutyryl)oxy>-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-5(R)-<<(dibenzylamino)carbonyl>oxy>-1,2,3,4,4a(R),5,6,7,8,8a(R)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 127343-10-6 C40H55NO7
    6(R)-<2-<8(S)-<(2,2-dimethylbutyryl)oxy>-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-5(R)-<<(dibenzylamino)carbonyl>oxy>-1,2,3,4,4a(R),5,6,7,8,8a(R)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(S)-<(2,2-dimethylbutyryl)oxy>-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-5-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a(R),6,7,8,8a(R)-nonahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 127343-12-8 C25H40O6
    6(R)-<2-<8(S)-<(2,2-dimethylbutyryl)oxy>-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-5-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a(R),6,7,8,8a(R)-nonahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<3(R)-Hydroxy-8(S)-((2,2-dimethylbutyryl)oxy)-2(S),6,6-trimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a(R)-octahydronaphth-1(S)-yl>ethyl>-4(R)-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 158437-65-1 C32H56O6Si
    6(R)-<2-<3(R)-Hydroxy-8(S)-((2,2-dimethylbutyryl)oxy)-2(S),6,6-trimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a(R)-octahydronaphth-1(S)-yl>ethyl>-4(R)-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(S)-((2,2-Dimethylbutyryl)oxy)-2(S),6-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,2,3,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphth-1(S)-yl>ethyl>-4(R)-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 130431-76-4 C31H50O6Si
    6(R)-<2-<8(S)-((2,2-Dimethylbutyryl)oxy)-2(S),6-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,2,3,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphth-1(S)-yl>ethyl>-4(R)-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<5(S)-Chloro-8(S)-((2,2-dimethylbutyryl)oxy)-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a(R)-octahydronaphth-1(S)-yl>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 134395-21-4 C25H37ClO6
    6(R)-<2-<5(S)-Chloro-8(S)-((2,2-dimethylbutyryl)oxy)-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a(R)-octahydronaphth-1(S)-yl>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(S)-<(2,2-dimethylbutyryl)oxy>-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a(R)-octahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 127343-13-9 C31H54O5Si
    6(R)-<2-<8(S)-<(2,2-dimethylbutyryl)oxy>-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a(R)-octahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6'-hydroxy simvastatin 129464-60-4 C25H38O6
    6'-hydroxy simvastatin
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(S)-((2,2-Dimethylbutyryl)oxy)-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-3-((trimethylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphth-1(S)-yl>ethyl>-4(R)-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 134523-11-8 C34H60O6Si2
    6(R)-<2-<8(S)-((2,2-Dimethylbutyryl)oxy)-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-3-((trimethylsilyl)oxy)-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphth-1(S)-yl>ethyl>-4(R)-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(S)-((2,2-Dimethylbutyryl)oxy)-2(S),6,6-trimethyl-3-oxo-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a(R)-octahydronaphth-1(S)-yl>ethyl>-4(R)-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 158437-64-0 C32H54O6Si
    6(R)-<2-<8(S)-((2,2-Dimethylbutyryl)oxy)-2(S),6,6-trimethyl-3-oxo-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a(R)-octahydronaphth-1(S)-yl>ethyl>-4(R)-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— L-669262 —— C25H36O6
    L-669262
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(S)-<(2,2-dimethylbutyryl)oxy>-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-5(R)-<(diphenylphosphinyl)oxy>-1,2,3,4,4a(R),5,6,7,8,8a(R)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 127343-23-1 C53H69O7PSi
    6(R)-<2-<8(S)-<(2,2-dimethylbutyryl)oxy>-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-5(R)-<(diphenylphosphinyl)oxy>-1,2,3,4,4a(R),5,6,7,8,8a(R)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(S)-<(2,2-dimethylbutyryl)oxy>-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-5-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a(R),5,6,7,8,8a(R)-decahydronaphth-1(S)-yl>ethyl>-4(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 127343-16-2 C31H54O6Si
    6(R)-<2-<8(S)-<(2,2-dimethylbutyryl)oxy>-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-5-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a(R),5,6,7,8,8a(R)-decahydronaphth-1(S)-yl>ethyl>-4(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(S)-<(2,2-dimethylbutyryl)oxy>-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-5-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a(R),6,7,8,8a(R)-nonahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 127419-41-4 C25H40O6
    6(R)-<2-<8(S)-<(2,2-dimethylbutyryl)oxy>-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-5-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a(R),6,7,8,8a(R)-nonahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(S)-<(2,2-dimethylbutyryl)oxy>-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-5(R)-<(diphenylphosphinyl)oxy>-1,2,3,4,4a(R),5,6,7,8,8a(R)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 127343-08-2 C37H51O7P
    6(R)-<2-<8(S)-<(2,2-dimethylbutyryl)oxy>-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-5(R)-<(diphenylphosphinyl)oxy>-1,2,3,4,4a(R),5,6,7,8,8a(R)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a(R)-octahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 132487-01-5 C25H40O5
    6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a(R)-octahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(S)-<(2,2-dimethylbutyryl)oxy>-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-5(R)-<<(benzylamino)carbonyl>oxy>-1,2,3,4,4a(R),5,6,7,8,8a(R)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 127343-07-1 C33H49NO7
    6(R)-<2-<8(S)-<(2,2-dimethylbutyryl)oxy>-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-5(R)-<<(benzylamino)carbonyl>oxy>-1,2,3,4,4a(R),5,6,7,8,8a(R)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(S)-((2,2-Dimethylbutyryl)oxy)-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphth-1(S)-yl>ethyl>-4(R)-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 79902-59-3 C31H52O5Si
    6(R)-<2-<8(S)-((2,2-Dimethylbutyryl)oxy)-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphth-1(S)-yl>ethyl>-4(R)-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (1S*,2S*,5R*)-2-cyanomethyl-5-hydroxy-3-cyclohexenecarboxylic acid γ-lactone —— C9H9NO2
    (1S*,2S*,5R*)-2-cyanomethyl-5-hydroxy-3-cyclohexenecarboxylic acid γ-lactone
    —— L(+)-2,3-diketogulonic acid 19192-77-9 C6H6O6
    L(+)-2,3-diketogulonic acid
    —— 4-hydroxybutanoic acid lactone 50768-69-9 C4H6O3
    4-hydroxybutanoic acid lactone
    —— 5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one 61989-58-0 C6H10O4
    5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— lactone form of C-6 epimer of pravastatin 85798-96-5 C23H34O6
    lactone form of C-6 epimer of pravastatin
    —— 3,5-bis-epi-compactin 84173-31-9 C23H34O5
    3,5-bis-epi-compactin
    —— mevastatin 73573-88-3 C23H34O5
    mevastatin
    —— (1S,7S,8S,8aR)-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-7-methyl-8-<2-((2R,4R)-tetrahydro-4-methoxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl>-1-naphthyl (2S)-2-methylbutyrate 84751-53-1 C24H36O5
    (1S,7S,8S,8aR)-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-7-methyl-8-<2-((2R,4R)-tetrahydro-4-methoxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl>-1-naphthyl (2S)-2-methylbutyrate