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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (R,Z)-4-(non-3-en-1-yl)oxetan-2-one 1439373-73-5 C12H20O2
    (R,Z)-4-(non-3-en-1-yl)oxetan-2-one
    —— 2-deoxy-3,5-bis-O-(trimethylsilyl)-pentonic acid γ-lactone 74742-34-0 C11H24O4Si2
    2-deoxy-3,5-bis-O-(trimethylsilyl)-pentonic acid γ-lactone
    —— (2S,5RS)-2-hydroxy-5-hexyl-δ-valerolactone 134537-95-4 C11H20O3
    (2S,5RS)-2-hydroxy-5-hexyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— α-tert-butyl-γ-butyrolactone 131424-13-0 C8H14O2
    α-tert-butyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— α-methyleneglutaric anhydride 3621-63-4 C6H6O3
    α-methyleneglutaric anhydride
    —— (4S,5R)-4-ethenyl-5-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylhept-5-enyl]oxolan-2-one 1001435-19-3 C15H24O3
    (4S,5R)-4-ethenyl-5-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylhept-5-enyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 2-deoxy-2-trimethylsilyl-3,5-di-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-γ-D-arabinolactone 1173700-28-1 C20H44O4Si3
    2-deoxy-2-trimethylsilyl-3,5-di-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-γ-D-arabinolactone
    —— (2S,3R,4S)-3-ethenyl-4-methyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carbaldehyde 1026621-56-6 C8H10O3
    (2S,3R,4S)-3-ethenyl-4-methyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carbaldehyde
    —— (3S,4R,5S)-4-ethenyl-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxypentyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one 176980-59-9 C12H20O3
    (3S,4R,5S)-4-ethenyl-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxypentyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— endo-3-(di-n-butylhydroxymethyl)bicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-endo-2-carboxylic acid lactone 87603-93-8 C17H26O2
    endo-3-(di-n-butylhydroxymethyl)bicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-endo-2-carboxylic acid lactone
    —— (4aR,7aR)-4a-ethyl-3,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one 103252-46-6 C10H16O2
    (4aR,7aR)-4a-ethyl-3,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-(-)-3-methyl-4-ethynyloxetan-2-one 1100356-63-5 C6H6O2
    (3S,4S)-(-)-3-methyl-4-ethynyloxetan-2-one
    —— δ-vinyl-δ-valerolactone 41980-00-1 C7H10O2
    δ-vinyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— (R,S)-2-Bromo-2-phenylacetic acid (R)-pantolactone ester 205748-19-2 C14H15BrO4
    (R,S)-2-Bromo-2-phenylacetic acid (R)-pantolactone ester
    —— α,δ-dimethyl-δ-valerolactone 89709-84-2 C7H12O4
    α,δ-dimethyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— 1-oxaspiro[4.7]dodecan-2-one 93699-24-2 C11H18O2
    1-oxaspiro[4.7]dodecan-2-one
    —— 4-cyanomethyl-3,4-dihydro-2(5H)-furanone 932-48-9 C6H7NO2
    4-cyanomethyl-3,4-dihydro-2(5H)-furanone
    —— 4,6-dihydroxyhexanoic acid γ-lactone 33691-74-6 C6H10O3
    4,6-dihydroxyhexanoic acid γ-lactone
    —— 2-<(methoxycarbonyl)methyl>-γ-butyrolactone 54405-62-8 C7H10O4
    2-<(methoxycarbonyl)methyl>-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(1-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-3,4,5-trihydrofuran-2-one 897397-62-5 C46H54O5Si2
    5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(1-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-3,4,5-trihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (4R,6R)-6-(2-azidoethyl)-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one 512200-62-3 C7H11N3O3
    (4R,6R)-6-(2-azidoethyl)-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— ethyl 2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylate 150013-91-5 C8H12O4
    ethyl 2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylate
    —— 5-Phenyl-3-prop-1-en-2-yloxolan-2-one 62668-24-0 C13H14O2
    5-Phenyl-3-prop-1-en-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,6S)-4-hydroxy-6-chloromethyltetrahydropyran-2-one 874485-93-5 C7H9NO3
    (4R,6S)-4-hydroxy-6-chloromethyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 4,4-dimethylenedithio-2-pyrone 136400-67-4 C7H10O2S2
    4,4-dimethylenedithio-2-pyrone
    —— 4-oxo-oxetane-2,2-dicarbonitrile 58655-55-3 C5H2N2O2
    4-oxo-oxetane-2,2-dicarbonitrile
    —— methyl tetrahydro-2-oxo-4-phenyl-3-furancarboxylate 34971-29-4 C12H12O4
    methyl tetrahydro-2-oxo-4-phenyl-3-furancarboxylate
    —— (3R,5S)-5-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-one 102717-30-6 C21H26O4Si
    (3R,5S)-5-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S)-5-[(S)-t-butyldiphenylsilanyloxymethyl]-3,4-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one 1190754-18-7 C25H34O5Si
    (3R,4S)-5-[(S)-t-butyldiphenylsilanyloxymethyl]-3,4-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (3R,4S)-5-[(S)-t-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl]-3,4-bis(2-methoxyethoxymethoxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2-one 1190754-20-1 C33H50O9Si
    (3R,4S)-5-[(S)-t-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl]-3,4-bis(2-methoxyethoxymethoxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 4,4-dimethyl-2-methoxyethoxymethoxy-γ-butyrolactone 915097-01-7 C10H18O5
    4,4-dimethyl-2-methoxyethoxymethoxy-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 6-ethyl-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1-oxacyclohexan-2-one 119523-94-3 C8H14O3
    6-ethyl-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1-oxacyclohexan-2-one
    —— [2,3-Dichloro-4-(3-ethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-phenoxy]-acetic acid 139520-02-8 C14H14Cl2O5
    [2,3-Dichloro-4-(3-ethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-phenoxy]-acetic acid
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6as)-5-triethylsilyloxy-4-[(1E)-3-oxobut-1-en-1-yl]hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 1036855-79-4 C17H28O4Si
    (3aR,4R,5R,6as)-5-triethylsilyloxy-4-[(1E)-3-oxobut-1-en-1-yl]hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (1S,2S,3R,5S,6R,8R,10R,11S,13R,17S)-1,8,11,17-tetramethyl-15-oxo-3,6-bis(triethylsilyloxy)-14-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.02,11.05,10]heptadecane-17-carbaldehyde 1144161-32-9 C33H60O5Si2
    (1S,2S,3R,5S,6R,8R,10R,11S,13R,17S)-1,8,11,17-tetramethyl-15-oxo-3,6-bis(triethylsilyloxy)-14-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.02,11.05,10]heptadecane-17-carbaldehyde
    —— (4S,5S)-4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-5-hydroxymethyldihydrofuran-2-one 140156-47-4 C8H12O5
    (4S,5S)-4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-5-hydroxymethyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (R*S*)-5-hydroxy-2-methylhexanoic acid lactone 3720-22-7 C7H12O2
    (R*S*)-5-hydroxy-2-methylhexanoic acid lactone
    —— (2R,5R)-trans-2-Methyl-5-hexanolide 65451-95-8 C7H12O2
    (2R,5R)-trans-2-Methyl-5-hexanolide
    —— (1S,4S,5R,6S,7R)-7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-(dimethoxymethyl)-4-hydroxy-4-prop-2-enyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one 158469-44-4 C19H34O6Si
    (1S,4S,5R,6S,7R)-7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-(dimethoxymethyl)-4-hydroxy-4-prop-2-enyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one
    —— (4S,5S)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2-one 81661-46-3 C14H26O5Si
    (4S,5S)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 4-(2,2-Dimethylpropyl)oxetan-2-one 351072-09-8 C8H14O2
    4-(2,2-Dimethylpropyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— (1S,3S,7S,8S,8aR)-3-{[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl}-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl (2S)-2-methylbutanoate 136980-32-0 C35H62O6Si2
    (1S,3S,7S,8S,8aR)-3-{[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl}-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— 3-acetyl-4-phenyloxolan-2-one 1392848-46-2 C12H12O3
    3-acetyl-4-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxymethyl-6,6,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one 173829-67-9 C11H18O3
    (1R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxymethyl-6,6,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one
    —— (-)-(1S,4S,5R)-4-hydroxymethyl-6,6,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one 173829-66-8 C11H18O3
    (-)-(1S,4S,5R)-4-hydroxymethyl-6,6,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one
    —— 3,3,4,4-tetramethylbutyrolactone 16466-24-3 C8H14O2
    3,3,4,4-tetramethylbutyrolactone
    —— 4,5-Dihydro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-3-methylene-(3H)-furan-2-one 69604-12-2 C9H14O2
    4,5-Dihydro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-3-methylene-(3H)-furan-2-one
    —— (6R,7R)-7-bromomethyl-1-oxaspiro<5.5>undecan-2-one 155238-28-1 C11H17BrO2
    (6R,7R)-7-bromomethyl-1-oxaspiro<5.5>undecan-2-one
    —— α-methyl-α-methylthio-γ-butyrolactone 40587-60-8 C6H10O2S
    α-methyl-α-methylthio-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 3-hydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 13397-34-7 C8H14O3
    3-hydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one