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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (S)-4,5,5-trimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1610418-23-9 C7H12O2
    (S)-4,5,5-trimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 6-(4'-Chlorophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dion 75959-47-6 C15H17ClO3
    6-(4'-Chlorophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dion
    —— (-)-phaseolinic acid 109667-12-1 C11H18O4
    (-)-phaseolinic acid
    —— 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-Hydroxy-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a(R)-octahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 79902-69-5 C25H44O4Si
    6(R)-[2-[8(S)-Hydroxy-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a(R)-octahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(R)-hydroxy-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 136451-31-5 C31H56O5Si2
    6(R)-<2-<8(R)-hydroxy-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(R)-hydroxy-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<1(S)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>benzyl>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 143746-99-0 C38H62O5Si2
    6(R)-<2-<8(R)-hydroxy-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<1(S)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>benzyl>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(R)-<(2,2-dimethylbutanoyl)oxy>-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<1(S)-hydroxyethyl>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 136432-00-3 C27H42O6
    6(R)-<2-<8(R)-<(2,2-dimethylbutanoyl)oxy>-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<1(S)-hydroxyethyl>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(R)-<(2,2-dimethylbutanoyl)oxy>-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-hydroxy-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 136431-97-5 C25H38O6
    6(R)-<2-<8(R)-<(2,2-dimethylbutanoyl)oxy>-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-hydroxy-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(R)-<(2,2-dimethylbutanoyl)oxy>-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<1(S)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>benzyl>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 143747-00-6 C44H72O6Si2
    6(R)-<2-<8(R)-<(2,2-dimethylbutanoyl)oxy>-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<1(S)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>benzyl>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(R)-<(2,2-dimethylbutanoyl)oxy>-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 136432-05-8 C37H66O6Si2
    6(R)-<2-<8(R)-<(2,2-dimethylbutanoyl)oxy>-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(R)-<(2,2-dimethylbutanoyl)oxy>-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<1(S)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>ethyl>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 136432-21-8 C39H70O6Si2
    6(R)-<2-<8(R)-<(2,2-dimethylbutanoyl)oxy>-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<1(S)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>ethyl>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(R)-hydroxy-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<1(S)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>ethyl>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 143746-97-8 C33H60O5Si2
    6(R)-<2-<8(R)-hydroxy-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<1(S)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>ethyl>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(R)-<(2,2-dimethylbutanoyl)oxy>-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<1(S)-hydroxybenzyl>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 143747-01-7 C32H44O6
    6(R)-<2-<8(R)-<(2,2-dimethylbutanoyl)oxy>-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<1(S)-hydroxybenzyl>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (R)-7-(β-cyanoethyl)-oxepan-2-one 1046202-47-4 C9H13NO2
    (R)-7-(β-cyanoethyl)-oxepan-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4-(2-fulorophenyl)-5-nitro-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-one 1430853-25-0 C16H18FNO4
    (4S,5R)-4-(2-fulorophenyl)-5-nitro-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-one
    —— (5aR,9S,9aR)-9-(dimethylamino)-8,8-dimethyl-2,2,4,4-tetra(propan-2-yl)-9,9a-dihydro-5aH-pyrano[3,4-f][1,3,5,2,4]trioxadisilepin-6-one 1256083-61-0 C21H43NO5Si2
    (5aR,9S,9aR)-9-(dimethylamino)-8,8-dimethyl-2,2,4,4-tetra(propan-2-yl)-9,9a-dihydro-5aH-pyrano[3,4-f][1,3,5,2,4]trioxadisilepin-6-one
    —— (3R,4R,5S)-5-(dimethylamino)-3,4-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethyloxan-2-one 1256083-67-6 C9H17NO4
    (3R,4R,5S)-5-(dimethylamino)-3,4-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (S)-(+)-phoracantholide I 61448-27-9 C10H18O2
    (S)-(+)-phoracantholide I
    —— 2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.6]undecane-3-carboxaldehyde 1322113-59-6 C11H16O3
    2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.6]undecane-3-carboxaldehyde
    —— 3-methylene-hexahydro-cyclopenta[<i>b</i>]furan-2-one 58368-19-7 C8H10O2
    3-methylene-hexahydro-cyclopenta[<i>b</i>]furan-2-one
    —— 3-deoxy-D-xylo-hexono-1,4-lactone 6936-66-9 C6H10O5
    3-deoxy-D-xylo-hexono-1,4-lactone
    —— 3(R),12(R)-bis<(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy>-5(S)-hydroxy-6(Z),8(E),10(E),14(Z)-eicosatetranoic δ-lactone 158719-04-1 C52H66O4Si2
    3(R),12(R)-bis<(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy>-5(S)-hydroxy-6(Z),8(E),10(E),14(Z)-eicosatetranoic δ-lactone
    —— (4S)-4-ethyltetrahydropyran-2-one 61198-47-8 C7H12O2
    (4S)-4-ethyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (1R,6S,7R,10S)-10-(methoxymethoxymethyl)-9-methyl-4-oxo-3-oxa-9-azabicyclo[4.3.1]decane-7-carbonitrile 1380229-75-3 C13H20N2O4
    (1R,6S,7R,10S)-10-(methoxymethoxymethyl)-9-methyl-4-oxo-3-oxa-9-azabicyclo[4.3.1]decane-7-carbonitrile
    —— (2aS,3R,6R,8aR,8bS)-2a,3,4,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydro-6-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-[1,8-bc]-3,6-dimethylnaphtho-2-furanone 331627-38-4 C20H34O3Si
    (2aS,3R,6R,8aR,8bS)-2a,3,4,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydro-6-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-[1,8-bc]-3,6-dimethylnaphtho-2-furanone
    —— (1R,4S,5R,9R,12S)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-7-en-3-one 331661-83-7 C14H20O3
    (1R,4S,5R,9R,12S)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-7-en-3-one
    —— (6R,8aR,8bR)-4,6,7,8,8a,8b-hexahydro-6-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl[1,8-bc]-6-methylnaphtho-2-furanone 331627-30-6 C19H30O3Si
    (6R,8aR,8bR)-4,6,7,8,8a,8b-hexahydro-6-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl[1,8-bc]-6-methylnaphtho-2-furanone
    —— 2,3-di-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-D-glucono-1,4-lactone 200809-91-2 C18H38O6Si2
    2,3-di-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-D-glucono-1,4-lactone
    —— 4-(1'-methylethenyl)-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 53627-38-6 C7H10O2
    4-(1'-methylethenyl)-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-one 16860-52-9 C7H10O2
    6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,5R,6S)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3,4-dimethyl-6-(triethylsilyloxymethyl)oxan-2-one 871590-15-7 C20H42O4Si2
    (3S,4S,5R,6S)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3,4-dimethyl-6-(triethylsilyloxymethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-dimethyloxan-2-one 871590-12-4 C14H28O4Si
    (3S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (5aS,7S,9aS,10aR)-7-bromo-6,6,9a-trimethyl-5,5a,7,8,9,10a-hexahydro-1H-furo[3,4-b][1]benzoxepin-3-one 62003-89-8 C15H21BrO3
    (5aS,7S,9aS,10aR)-7-bromo-6,6,9a-trimethyl-5,5a,7,8,9,10a-hexahydro-1H-furo[3,4-b][1]benzoxepin-3-one
    —— (S)-5-((S)-1-Hydroxy-2-phenyl-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C12H14O3
    (S)-5-((S)-1-Hydroxy-2-phenyl-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 6β,9aβ-dimethyl-2,3,3aα,4,5,6,6aβ,7,8,9,9a,9bα-dodecahydroazuleno<4,5-b>furan-2,9-dione 83096-43-9 C14H20O3
    6β,9aβ-dimethyl-2,3,3aα,4,5,6,6aβ,7,8,9,9a,9bα-dodecahydroazuleno<4,5-b>furan-2,9-dione
    —— 6β,9aβ-dimethyl-3,3aβ,4,5,6,6aβ,9a,9bβ-octahydroazuleno<4,5-b>furan-2,9-dione 83096-69-9 C14H18O3
    6β,9aβ-dimethyl-3,3aβ,4,5,6,6aβ,9a,9bβ-octahydroazuleno<4,5-b>furan-2,9-dione
    —— (S)-γ-Butyrolactone-γ-carbothioamide 91711-85-2 C5H7NO2S
    (S)-γ-Butyrolactone-γ-carbothioamide
    —— (+)-α(S)-allyl-γ(S)-<(((1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl>-γ-butyrolactone 151143-48-5 C14H26O3Si
    (+)-α(S)-allyl-γ(S)-<(((1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl>-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (+)-α(R)-allyl-γ(S)-<(((1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl>-γ-butyrolactone 151143-45-2 C14H26O3Si
    (+)-α(R)-allyl-γ(S)-<(((1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl>-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3S)-6,6-diethyl-3-hydroxyoxan-2-one 140944-24-7 C9H16O3
    (3S)-6,6-diethyl-3-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— α-n-Butyl-β-hydroxy-γ-valerolakton 34867-17-9 C9H16O3
    α-n-Butyl-β-hydroxy-γ-valerolakton
    —— (3S)-3-hydroxy-6,6-dipropyloxan-2-one 140944-25-8 C11H20O3
    (3S)-3-hydroxy-6,6-dipropyloxan-2-one
    —— (S)-5-((1E,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-1,6,9,12,15-pentaen-3-yn-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1607478-69-2 C22H28O2
    (S)-5-((1E,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-1,6,9,12,15-pentaen-3-yn-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (5S,1'R)-5-(1'-hydroxy-2'-phenylethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 125225-51-6 C12H14O3
    (5S,1'R)-5-(1'-hydroxy-2'-phenylethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (S)-(-)-γ-diazoacetyl-γ-butyrolacetone 89158-13-4 C6H6N2O3
    (S)-(-)-γ-diazoacetyl-γ-butyrolacetone
    —— (S)-(-)-2-Oxo-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-carbonsaeureamid 91711-84-1 C5H7NO3
    (S)-(-)-2-Oxo-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-carbonsaeureamid
    —— (3R,5S,1'S)-5-(1'-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2'-cyclohexyl)ethyl-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 132094-22-5 C18H31NO4
    (3R,5S,1'S)-5-(1'-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2'-cyclohexyl)ethyl-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (5S)-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxypropyl]tetrahydrofuran-2-one 97101-21-8 C7H12O3
    (5S)-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxypropyl]tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (S)-N-allyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxamide 1200404-64-3 C8H11NO3
    (S)-N-allyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxamide
    —— (2S,2'S,4S,4'S)-tetrahydro-4,4'-bis(1-methylethyl)-[2,2'-bifuran]-5,5'(2H,2'H)-dione 1413429-36-3 C14H22O4
    (2S,2'S,4S,4'S)-tetrahydro-4,4'-bis(1-methylethyl)-[2,2'-bifuran]-5,5'(2H,2'H)-dione