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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— berkeleyone B 1334495-42-9 C26H34O7
    berkeleyone B
    —— sphaeropsidin B 39022-38-3 C20H28O5
    sphaeropsidin B
    —— (3S,4S,5S)-3-[(2Z,4E,6R)-7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-methoxy-2-methylhepta-2,4-dienyl]-5-[(2R)-1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypropan-2-yl]-4-methyloxolan-2-one 1370655-17-6 C39H60O5Si2
    (3S,4S,5S)-3-[(2Z,4E,6R)-7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-methoxy-2-methylhepta-2,4-dienyl]-5-[(2R)-1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypropan-2-yl]-4-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3Z)-3-(2-{5,5,8a-trimethyl-octahydro-1H-spiro[naphthalene-2,2'-oxirane]-1-yl}ethylidene)oxolan-2-one 115753-79-2 C20H30O3
    (3Z)-3-(2-{5,5,8a-trimethyl-octahydro-1H-spiro[naphthalene-2,2'-oxirane]-1-yl}ethylidene)oxolan-2-one
    —— tert-Butyl (1S,2S,5S)-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo(3,2,1)octane-2-carboxylate 791834-81-6 C12H18O4
    tert-Butyl (1S,2S,5S)-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo(3,2,1)octane-2-carboxylate
    —— 4-Ethyl-3-methyl-6-oxooxane-3-carbaldehyde 677326-40-8 C9H14O3
    4-Ethyl-3-methyl-6-oxooxane-3-carbaldehyde
    —— 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one 677326-33-9 C8H14O3
    5-(Hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— 4-Ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyloxan-2-one 677326-39-5 C9H16O3
    4-Ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyloxan-2-one
    —— 3-Ethyl-3-methyl-2,4(3H,5H)-furandione 874326-74-6 C7H10O3
    3-Ethyl-3-methyl-2,4(3H,5H)-furandione
    —— 7-(But-3-en-1-yl)oxepan-2-one 872413-54-2 C10H16O2
    7-(But-3-en-1-yl)oxepan-2-one
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-((E)-3-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-3-methyloct-1-enyl)-5-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 1151943-98-4 C37H52O5Si
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-((E)-3-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-3-methyloct-1-enyl)-5-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-hexyl-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 824961-12-8 C11H20O2
    (3S)-3-hexyl-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-(Fluoromethyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 916678-17-6 C5H7FO2
    3-(Fluoromethyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 5-(Hexylsulfanyl)oxolan-2-one 902525-30-8 C10H18O2S
    5-(Hexylsulfanyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-ethylthiofuran-2(5H)-one 867192-54-9 C6H10O2S
    5-ethylthiofuran-2(5H)-one
    —— (R)-5-Methyl-5-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 17152-14-6 C7H10O2
    (R)-5-Methyl-5-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-(3-Buten-1-yl)dihydro-3-methyl-2(3H)-furanone 871356-49-9 C9H14O2
    (5R)-5-(3-Buten-1-yl)dihydro-3-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 5-Ethenyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one 478812-30-5 C7H10O2
    5-Ethenyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-ethyl-5-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 27927-40-8 C8H12O2
    3-ethyl-5-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (+/-)-6-oxo-4-hexanolide 60551-22-6 C6H8O3
    (+/-)-6-oxo-4-hexanolide
    —— (1'S,2'R,8'R,11'R,12'S,16'S)-2',16'-dimethylspiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,15'-6-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,8.012,16]octadecane]-5'-one 15807-50-8 C21H32O4
    (1'S,2'R,8'R,11'R,12'S,16'S)-2',16'-dimethylspiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,15'-6-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,8.012,16]octadecane]-5'-one
    —— (1S,2S,8S,11R,12S,16S)-2,16-dimethyl-5-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,8.012,16]octadecane-6,15-dione 1315357-90-4 C19H28O3
    (1S,2S,8S,11R,12S,16S)-2,16-dimethyl-5-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,8.012,16]octadecane-6,15-dione
    —— 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,5-dioxacycloundecan-6-one 844665-47-0 C12H22O3
    2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,5-dioxacycloundecan-6-one
    —— 1-{4-[2-(2-Cyclopentyl-4,6-dioxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl]-2-fluoro-phenyl}-cyclobutanecarbonitrile 749929-02-0 C23H26FNO3
    1-{4-[2-(2-Cyclopentyl-4,6-dioxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl]-2-fluoro-phenyl}-cyclobutanecarbonitrile
    —— 6-cyclopentyl-6-{2-[4-hydroxy-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phenyl]ethyl}dihydro-2H-pyran-2,4 (3H)-dione 749930-80-1 C20H23F3O4
    6-cyclopentyl-6-{2-[4-hydroxy-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phenyl]ethyl}dihydro-2H-pyran-2,4 (3H)-dione
    —— 6-cyclopentyl-6-[2-(2-ethyl-5-methoxypyridin-4-yl)ethyl]dihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione 877129-55-0 C20H27NO4
    6-cyclopentyl-6-[2-(2-ethyl-5-methoxypyridin-4-yl)ethyl]dihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione
    —— N-((1R)-1-{4-[2-(2-cyclopentyl-4,6-dioxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl]phenyl}ethyl)ethanesulfonamide 877130-96-6 C22H31NO5S
    N-((1R)-1-{4-[2-(2-cyclopentyl-4,6-dioxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl]phenyl}ethyl)ethanesulfonamide
    —— (3S,4S,5R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 792909-10-5 C11H12O3
    (3S,4S,5R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-7a-methyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one 173388-36-8 C18H26O3
    (5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-7a-methyl-4-oxo-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— 2-(7-Oxooxepan-4-yl)acetic acid 956596-76-2 C8H12O4
    2-(7-Oxooxepan-4-yl)acetic acid
    —— (1R,3S,6S,8S,9S)-8-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-8-methyl-2-methylidene-4-oxo-5-oxatricyclo[4.2.1.03,9]nonane-3-carbaldehyde 1373502-34-1 C17H26O4Si
    (1R,3S,6S,8S,9S)-8-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-8-methyl-2-methylidene-4-oxo-5-oxatricyclo[4.2.1.03,9]nonane-3-carbaldehyde
    —— [(Z)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methyl]urea 89532-90-1 C6H8N2O3
    [(Z)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methyl]urea
    —— (1R,3S,6S,8S,9S)-8-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-methyl-2-methylidene-5-oxatricyclo[4.2.1.03,9]nonan-4-one 1373502-49-8 C17H28O4Si
    (1R,3S,6S,8S,9S)-8-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-methyl-2-methylidene-5-oxatricyclo[4.2.1.03,9]nonan-4-one
    —— 8-Decen-5-olide, (Z)- 1062323-04-9 C10H16O2
    8-Decen-5-olide, (Z)-
    —— (1R*,6R*)-2-oxo-6-phenyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester 856432-34-3 C14H14O4
    (1R*,6R*)-2-oxo-6-phenyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— 2,4-diethylpentanedioic anhydride 100144-91-0 C9H14O3
    2,4-diethylpentanedioic anhydride
    —— 3-bromo-5,5-dimethyldihydrofuran-2-one 67358-52-5 C6H9BrO2
    3-bromo-5,5-dimethyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (-)-(2aR,4aR,7aR)-4a-methylhexahydropentaleno[6a,1-b]oxete-2,5-dione 1262394-55-7 C10H12O3
    (-)-(2aR,4aR,7aR)-4a-methylhexahydropentaleno[6a,1-b]oxete-2,5-dione
    —— (-)-(2aR,4aR,8aR)-4a-methylhexahydrooxeto[2',3':2,3]cyclopenta[1,2-b]pyran-2,6-dione 1392502-16-7 C10H12O4
    (-)-(2aR,4aR,8aR)-4a-methylhexahydrooxeto[2',3':2,3]cyclopenta[1,2-b]pyran-2,6-dione
    —— 3,3,4-Trihydroxyoxepan-2-one 141752-57-0 C6H10O5
    3,3,4-Trihydroxyoxepan-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-2-valeryl-pentansaeure-γ-lacton 7737-55-5 C10H16O3
    4-Hydroxy-2-valeryl-pentansaeure-γ-lacton
    —— (3S,5R)-3-Ethyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one 55091-73-1 C7H12O2
    (3S,5R)-3-Ethyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-Ethyl-3-ethylideneoxolan-2-one 62668-22-8 C8H12O2
    5-Ethyl-3-ethylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,6S)-6-(dimethoxymethyl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydropyran-2-one 147647-70-9 C8H14O5
    (4R,6S)-6-(dimethoxymethyl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 3-(4-methoxycyclohexyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 956319-53-2 C11H18O3
    3-(4-methoxycyclohexyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-Hydroxy-4-[(3S)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpent-1-en-1-yl]hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 41639-74-1 C18H22O4
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-Hydroxy-4-[(3S)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpent-1-en-1-yl]hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 5-Methyl-6-propyloxan-2-one 189191-47-7 C9H16O2
    5-Methyl-6-propyloxan-2-one
    —— 4-acetoxy-4-fluoromethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 916069-92-6 C7H9FO4
    4-acetoxy-4-fluoromethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3-(S)-(3-hydroxypropylsulfanyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one 899799-84-9 C7H12O3S
    3-(S)-(3-hydroxypropylsulfanyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 1-(pyridin-3-yl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-one 919106-16-4 C10H9NO2
    1-(pyridin-3-yl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-one