内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 5-((4S,5R)-2,2-diethyl-5-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-dihydro-3-methylenefuran-2(3H)-one | 1234287-04-7 | C14H20O4 |
| —— | 3-perfluoropropyl-3-hydroxy-1,4-dioxan-2-one | 129282-32-2 | C7H5F7O4 |
| —— | 2aα-methyl-3,4,4aα,5,6,7aα,7bα-( )octahydroindene<7,1-b,c>-furan-2-one | 119867-28-6 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | 2',2'-Dimethyl-5'-oxo-2',3',4',5'-tetrahydro-[2,3']bifuranyl-4'-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 82262-40-6 | C13H16O5 |
| —— | (3aS,6R,7R,8aS)-6-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-7-methyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-2-one | 1147759-27-0 | C16H30O3Si |
| —— | Acetic acid 2-acetyl-2-methyl-4-methylene-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-ylmethyl ester | 69544-15-6 | C11H14O5 |
| —— | (3R,5R)-3,5-Dichloro-8-methyl-oxocan-2-one | 144222-57-1 | C8H12Cl2O2 |
| —— | 100757-18-4 | C12H12O3 | |
| —— | d,l-protolichesterinic acid methyl ester | 26805-38-9 | C20H34O4 |
| —— | (1R,3aR,7S,9aS,9bR)-7-Hydroxy-1-methoxymethyl-5,8-dimethyl-3a,4,6,7,9a,9b-hexahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-b]furan-2-one | 82147-73-7 | C16H22O4 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-4-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-6-<(1S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl>tetrahydropyran-2-one | 119962-78-6 | C17H30N2O6 |
| —— | 1151392-00-5 | C26H52O3Si | |
| —— | (3aR,6aR)-6,6-Difluoro-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 73324-30-8 | C7H6F2O2 |
| —— | (1R,3R,6R,7R)-1,10-dimethyldispiro[cyclopropane-1,3´-pyrazoline-5´,6"-(4"-oxatricyclo[7.4.0.0<sup>3,7</sup>]tridec-9"-en)]-5-one | 1415894-16-4 | C18H24N2O2 |
| —— | 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-(trimethylsilyl)-5,6-heptadienoic acid lactone | 96503-47-8 | C11H18O2Si |
| —— | exo-7-hydroxy-1,5,5-trimethyl-4-oxabicyclo<4.2.0>octan-3-one | 73671-77-9 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | dehydroanhydrotagitinin A | 69440-09-1 | C19H24O6 |
| —— | (1R,6S)-1-(4,4-Dimethyl-2-oxo-cyclopentyl)-5-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[4.2.0]octan-4-one | 73879-81-9 | C15H22O4 |
| —— | (3S,4S,5R)-4-ethynyl-3-methyl-5-pentyloxolan-2-one | 185246-63-3 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-3-(5'-amino-3'-methylisoxazol-4'-ylmethyl)-4,4-dimethylbutanolide | 170312-22-8 | C11H16N2O3 |
| —— | (2bR,3S,5aS,5bS)-3-Hydroxy-2-oxo-hexahydro-1-oxa-cyclopropa[cd]indene-2a-carboxylic acid | 72682-16-7 | C9H10O5 |
| —— | (4R,5S,8S,9S,12R,13R)-5:8,9:12-dioxido-13-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-tricos-16-en-1,4-olide | 862557-40-2 | C29H52O5Si |
| —— | 124432-19-5 | C9H10O4 | |
| —— | Lacton-5,6-Dihydroxy-3-carboxy-7-oxa-bicyclo<2.2.1>heptancarbonsaeure-(2)-methylester | 1187449-98-4 | C9H10O6 |
| —— | (3aS,4aR,7bR)-3a,4,4a,5,6,7b-Hexahydro-3H-pentaleno[1,2-b]furan-2-one | 116236-78-3 | C10H12O2 |
| —— | 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylic acid | 16102-28-6 | C8H10O4 |
| —— | trans-dihydro-3-iodo-5-octyl-2(3H)-furanone | 97191-21-4 | C12H21IO2 |
| —— | Lacton von (+/-)-2,2-Dimethyl-cis-3-(1-oxo-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl)-cyclopropan-1-carbonsaeure | 2102-42-3 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | 10-phenyl-5-oxatricyclo<4.3.2.0<sup>3,10</sup>>undec-4-one | 134834-52-9 | C16H18O2 |
| —— | 4b->8a-Lacton der 2β,4bβ-Dihydroxy-1α,9β-dimethoxycarbonyl-1β-methyl-7-oxo-4aα,9aβ-perhydrofluorenyl-essigsaeure-(8aβ) | 100686-66-6 | C20H26O8 |
| —— | 4,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid | 20104-52-3 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | (S)-methyl-5-((R)-2-hydroxy-1-(methylsulfonyloxy)ethyl)-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate | 1125825-11-7 | C9H14O8S |
| —— | 4-<(3E,3E)-1,3-pentadienyl>-1,3-dioxan-2-one | 139669-52-6 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | 2-methyl-cis-3-methylcyclohex-4-ene-cis-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride | 82112-14-9 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | (1R,4R,5S)-4-ethyl-5-amino-2-oxabicyclo<3,2,1>octan-3-one | 98442-33-2 | C9H15NO2 |
| —— | (+)-(R)-5-(2-phenylethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 112607-22-4 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | Ethyl 5-(2-iodopropan-2-yl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate | 1015084-87-3 | C10H15IO4 |
| —— | 3-ethyl-3-phenyl-4-vinyloxolan-2-one | 117040-46-7 | C14H16O2 |
| —— | 3-O-acetyl-5-bromo-2,5-dideoxy-D-erythro-pentono-1,4-lactone | 78139-02-3 | C7H9BrO4 |
| —— | 80375-28-6 | C10H16O3 | |
| —— | (R)-8-Methoxy-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one | 72137-20-3 | C8H10O3 |
| —— | (4aR,5S,7R,7aS)-3-Oxo-4a-((E)-propenyl)-octahydro-cyclopenta[c]pyran-5,7-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester | 72603-15-7 | C15H20O6 |
| —— | (1S,5R)-4-Iodomethyl-1,4-dimethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one | 139462-59-2 | C9H13IO2 |
| —— | 1156545-77-5 | C55H98O10Si2 | |
| —— | 5-Methyl-5-((E)-2-trimethylsilanyl-vinyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 137513-49-6 | C10H18O2Si |
| —— | 5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-propyltetrahydrofuran-3-carbonyl chloride | 1129542-49-9 | C10H15ClO3 |
| —— | 2-(3-bromo-2-hydroxypropyl)-4-propoxymethylbutanolide | 945738-33-0 | C11H19BrO4 |
| —— | N-cyclohexyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxamide | 52217-16-0 | C11H17NO3 |
| —— | 3,3-dichloro-4,5-dihydro-4-ethyl-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | 130457-75-9 | C7H10Cl2O2 |
| —— | 7-(3,4-Dioxo-dihydro-furo[3,4-c]furan-3a-yl)-hept-5-ynenitrile | 74106-49-3 | C13H13NO4 |
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