内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2H-Pyran-2-one, 6-(3-buten-1-yl)tetrahydro-4-hydroxy- | 1823642-96-1 | C9H14O3 |
|
| —— | 5-benzyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid | 861330-75-8 | C12H12O4 |
|
| —— | trans-1-hydroxymethylcyclopropane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid γ-lactone | 114644-49-4 | C6H6O4 |
|
| —— | (-)-(1S,5R)-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one | 88335-95-9 | C6H8O2 |
|
| —— | α-methoxycarbonyl-α-(3-methylphenyl)-γ-methylidene-δ-valerolactone | 1095991-71-1 | C15H16O4 |
|
| —— | 3,5-di-<i>tert</i>-butyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 856347-81-4 | C12H22O2 |
|
| —— | 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S)-methyl-5(R)-dibenzylaminocarbonyloxy-6(R)-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a(R),5,6, 7,8,8a(R)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R) tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 127343-22-0 | C56H73NO7Si |
|
| —— | adamantane-2-spiro-3'-9'-oxo-1',2',4',8'-tetraoxaspiro[4.6]undecane | 476373-07-6 | C16H22O5 |
|
| —— | α-tert-butoxycarbonyl-α-(4-methylphenyl)-γ-methylidene-δ-valerolactone | 1086018-40-7 | C18H22O4 |
|
| —— | α-tert-butoxycarbonyl-α-(3-thienyl)-γ-methylidene-δ-valerolactone | 1086018-46-3 | C15H18O4S |
|
| —— | γ-methylidene-δ-valerolactone | 1086018-34-9 | C17H20O4 |
|
| —— | α-tert-butoxycarbonyl-α-(3-furyl)-γ-methylidene-δ-valerolactone | 1086018-48-5 | C15H18O5 |
|
| —— | (1R,5S)-(+)-4,4,6,6-tetramethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-2-one | 827610-64-0 | C10H16O2 |
|
| —— | 3,11-dimethylene-1,9-dioxa-dispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradecane-2,10-dione | 74513-12-5 | C14H16O4 |
|
| —— | 3-methylene-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2,8-dione | 65461-25-8 | C10H12O3 |
|
| —— | 4-Methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one | 606489-76-3 | C6H7F3O2 |
|
| —— | (S)-6-hydroxymethyltetrahydropyran-2-one | 89408-86-6 | C6H10O3 |
|
| —— | (R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 160226-44-8 | C6H10O3 |
|
| —— | 6-(Diphenylphosphinoylpentadecyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 97509-79-0 | C32H47O3P |
|
| —— | 5-(3-oxobutyl)-5-(2-oxopropyl)-2(3H)-dihydrofuranone | 157641-00-4 | C11H16O4 |
|
| —— | (+)-(S)-4-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 61892-56-6 | C5H8O3 |
|
| —— | (R)-4-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 61892-56-6 | C5H8O3 |
|
| —— | (R)-6-Methyl-dihydro-pyran-2,5-dione | 194034-01-0 | C6H8O3 |
|
| —— | methyl (2R,3R)-2-propyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate | 1199942-09-0 | C9H14O4 |
|
| —— | methyl (2R,3S)-2-propyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate | 1199942-05-6 | C9H14O4 |
|
| —— | 4,4-dimethyl-5,6-dibromotetrahydro-alpha-pyrone | 79749-57-8 | C7H10Br2O2 |
|
| —— | 4,5-dioxo-2-phenyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 408326-03-4 | C13H12O5 |
|
| —— | 3-Bromo-5-methoxy-4-[(propan-2-yl)sulfanyl]oxolan-2-one | 88050-99-1 | C8H13BrO3S |
|
| —— | 4-methylene-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one | 612483-87-1 | C8H10O2 |
|
| —— | 3-hydroxy-4-pentanolide of (3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxypentanoic acid | 88400-20-8 | C5H8O3 |
|
| —— | 5-bromo-2,5-dideoxy-D-erythro-pentono-γ-lactone | 78139-03-4 | C5H7BrO3 |
|
| —— | (3R,4S)-4-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-3-(cyclohexylmethyl)oxetan-2-one | 898799-38-7 | C18H30O2 |
|
| —— | (Z)-4-(2-cyclohexylethylidene)-3-cyclohexylmethyl-oxetan-2-one | 942516-92-9 | C18H28O2 |
|
| —— | 4-(2-cyclohexyl-ethylidene)-3-cyclohexylmethyl-oxetan-2-one | 408333-49-3 | C18H28O2 |
|
| —— | (R,Z)-4-(2-cyclohexylethylidene)-3-(cyclohexylmethyl)oxetan-2-one | 898799-32-1 | C18H28O2 |
|
| —— | 4-(1,3,3,3-Tetrachloropropyl)oxolan-2-one | 88037-52-9 | C7H8Cl4O2 |
|
| —— | bromo-6 hexanolide-4 | 2018-75-9 | C6H9BrO2 |
|
| —— | octahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one | 4401-23-4 | C9H14O2 |
|
| —— | 5-cyclohexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 15972-17-5 | C10H16O2 |
|
| —— | 7,7-dimethyloxepan-2-one | 76638-13-6 | C8H14O2 |
|
| —— | 3-(2-Methyl-propenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 90292-26-5 | C8H12O2 |
|
| —— | α-chloro-γ-hexyl-γ-lactone | 89344-89-8 | C10H17ClO2 |
|
| —— | 3-isopropyl-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 21722-34-9 | C9H16O2 |
|
| —— | (2,4-dioxo-tetrahydro-[3]furyl)-acetic acid ethyl ester | 59773-59-0 | C8H10O5 |
|
| —— | δ-dodecanolactone | 93863-11-7 | C12H22O2 |
|
| —— | 2-<(methoxycarbonyl)methyl>-4,4-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone | 2044-46-4 | C9H14O4 |
|
| —— | 5-methylsulfanyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 137549-98-5 | C5H8O2S |
|
| —— | 2-Methoxycarbonyl-β-methyl-butyrolacton | 13353-18-9 | C7H10O4 |
|
| —— | 3,3-(ethylenedioxy)-2,2-dimethyl-5-pentanolide | 84752-37-4 | C9H14O4 |
|
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-5-pentanolide | 84752-36-3 | C7H10O3 |
|
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