摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (1R,5R)-6-Oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octane-4,7-dione 162754-02-1 C7H8O3
    (1R,5R)-6-Oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octane-4,7-dione
    —— (+/-)-4-methyl-1-oxaspiro<4.4>nonan-2-one 33673-61-9 C9H14O2
    (+/-)-4-methyl-1-oxaspiro<4.4>nonan-2-one
    —— 5-oxaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-one 65652-14-4 C6H8O2
    5-oxaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-one
    —— 3,4-Dihydroxy-3-methyl-5-undecyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-on 93191-10-7 C16H30O4
    3,4-Dihydroxy-3-methyl-5-undecyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-on
    —— (4aS,8aS)-(-)-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-4a-allyl-2H,5H-thiopyrano<4,3-b>pyran-2-one 139069-18-4 C11H16O2S
    (4aS,8aS)-(-)-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-4a-allyl-2H,5H-thiopyrano<4,3-b>pyran-2-one
    —— 3-<3-Chlor-phenyl>-δ-valerolacton 6012-64-2 C11H11ClO2
    3-<3-Chlor-phenyl>-δ-valerolacton
    —— <3aS-(3aα,7aβ)>-2,3,3a,6,7,7a-hexahydro-7a-methyl-5-trimethylsilyloxy-1H-inden-1-one 121811-22-1 C13H22O2Si
    <3aS-(3aα,7aβ)>-2,3,3a,6,7,7a-hexahydro-7a-methyl-5-trimethylsilyloxy-1H-inden-1-one
    —— t-6-Hydroxy-r-1-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-2-on 80922-73-2 C9H14O3
    t-6-Hydroxy-r-1-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-2-on
    —— 1-Oxo-3,3,6-trimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta<c>furan 3465-86-9 C10H14O2
    1-Oxo-3,3,6-trimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta<c>furan
    —— 2-Diazo-4-ethoxy-3-oxo-butyric acid (R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester 161420-72-0 C12H16N2O6
    2-Diazo-4-ethoxy-3-oxo-butyric acid (R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester
    —— (3S,5R)-5-Iodomethyl-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 115362-50-0 C6H9IO2
    (3S,5R)-5-Iodomethyl-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3,3-dimethyl-1,4,6,9-tetraoxa-5λ5-phospha-spiro[4.4]nonan-2-one 36588-43-9 C6H11O5P
    3,3-dimethyl-1,4,6,9-tetraoxa-5λ5-phospha-spiro[4.4]nonan-2-one
    —— <i>rac</i>-21-acetoxy-3,3-ethanediyldioxy-11β,14-dihydroxy-20-oxo-16,17-seco-14β-pregn-5-ene-16,18-dioic acid-16-ethyl ester-18=>11-lactone 133475-42-0 C27H36O10
    <i>rac</i>-21-acetoxy-3,3-ethanediyldioxy-11β,14-dihydroxy-20-oxo-16,17-seco-14β-pregn-5-ene-16,18-dioic acid-16-ethyl ester-18=>11-lactone
    —— (1R,2S,5S,8S)-8-hydroxy-2-iodo-7-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]-octan-6-one 197505-14-9 C7H9IO3
    (1R,2S,5S,8S)-8-hydroxy-2-iodo-7-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]-octan-6-one
    —— α-(1-hydroxy-4-methylcyclohexyl)-γ-butyrolactone 89908-76-9 C11H18O3
    α-(1-hydroxy-4-methylcyclohexyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— tetrahydro-6-[(3-methylphenyl)methyl]-2H-pyran-2-one 336884-07-2 C13H16O2
    tetrahydro-6-[(3-methylphenyl)methyl]-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxaspiro[5.6]dodecane-1,3-dione 1138153-98-6 C19H23ClO3
    5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxaspiro[5.6]dodecane-1,3-dione
    —— 92656-00-3 C15H20O5
    —— 5,5-dimethyl-4-thiazol-4-yl-dihydro-furan-2-one 90972-22-8 C9H11NO2S
    5,5-dimethyl-4-thiazol-4-yl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-5-(((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1200402-20-5 C21H26O4Si
    (3S,5R)-5-(((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— sodium salt of 3-(hydroxymethylene)tetrahydropyran-2-one 53761-41-4 C6H7O3*Na
    sodium salt of 3-(hydroxymethylene)tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-4-((R)-2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)hex-5-en-1-yl)-3-hexyloxetan-2-one 1151391-88-6 C21H40O3Si
    (3S,4S)-4-((R)-2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)hex-5-en-1-yl)-3-hexyloxetan-2-one
    —— 4,7,7,-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-norbornane-1-carboxylic acid nitrile, (nitrile of ω-camphanoic acid ) 54200-41-8 C10H13NO2
    4,7,7,-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-norbornane-1-carboxylic acid nitrile, (nitrile of ω-camphanoic acid )
    —— (S)-3-Methyl-3-((E)-2-nitro-but-1-enyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 102648-77-1 C10H15NO4
    (S)-3-Methyl-3-((E)-2-nitro-but-1-enyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (3aR,5R,6aR)-5-Azido-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 117901-44-7 C7H9N3O2
    (3aR,5R,6aR)-5-Azido-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 91906-70-6 C13H20O4
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxy-2-propyl)-2-oxa-3-oxobicyclo<3.3.0>oct-7-ene 87393-25-7 C10H14O3
    1-(2-Hydroxy-2-propyl)-2-oxa-3-oxobicyclo<3.3.0>oct-7-ene
    —— (1S,2S,6R,7S,10S)-10-bromo-4,4-dimethyl-3,5,8,11-tetraoxatricyclo[5.3.1.02,6]undecan-9-one 123149-52-0 C9H11BrO5
    (1S,2S,6R,7S,10S)-10-bromo-4,4-dimethyl-3,5,8,11-tetraoxatricyclo[5.3.1.02,6]undecan-9-one
    —— (R,Z)-5-(1-bromo-2-phenylvinyl)-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1312791-28-8 C13H13BrO2
    (R,Z)-5-(1-bromo-2-phenylvinyl)-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 2(3H)-Furanone,dihydro-5-(iodomethyl)-4-methyl-4-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-, cis- 89609-31-4 C12H19IO2
    2(3H)-Furanone,dihydro-5-(iodomethyl)-4-methyl-4-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-, cis-
    —— 4,4-di-tert-butyl-2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino)-1,3,4λ5,2-oxazaphosphaborol-5(2H)-one 153494-82-7 C18H36BN2O2P
    4,4-di-tert-butyl-2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino)-1,3,4λ5,2-oxazaphosphaborol-5(2H)-one
    —— (3aR,4S,5R,6aR)-ethyl-4-(furan-2-yl)-6a-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-3-oxohexahydro-1Hcyclopenta[c]furan-5-carboxylate 1111644-86-0 C16H20O6
    (3aR,4S,5R,6aR)-ethyl-4-(furan-2-yl)-6a-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-3-oxohexahydro-1Hcyclopenta[c]furan-5-carboxylate
    —— 76480-44-9 C16H24O2
    —— <i>DL</i>-galactaric acid-6-ethyl ester-1=>4-lactone 22188-73-4 C8H12O7
    <i>DL</i>-galactaric acid-6-ethyl ester-1=>4-lactone
    —— trans-6-(3-azidopropyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 101760-06-9 C9H15N3O3
    trans-6-(3-azidopropyl)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— <1S-<1α,3α,7β,8β(2S*,4S*)8aβ>>-8-<2-<4-<<(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl>oxy>tetrahydro-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl>ethyl>-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-1-naphthalenyl 2,2-diethylbutanoate 79902-57-1 C33H56O5Si
    <1S-<1α,3α,7β,8β(2S*,4S*)8aβ>>-8-<2-<4-<<(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl>oxy>tetrahydro-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl>ethyl>-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-1-naphthalenyl 2,2-diethylbutanoate
    —— (+/-)-(E)-α-nonylidene-γ-butyrolactone 76606-07-0 C13H22O2
    (+/-)-(E)-α-nonylidene-γ-butyrolactone
    —— t-2,3-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcycloheptane-1(7),4-dieneacetic acid γ-lactone 90617-13-3 C12H16O3
    t-2,3-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcycloheptane-1(7),4-dieneacetic acid γ-lactone
    —— 72407-04-6 C11H13IO2
    —— (6R,7S)-7-Decyl-6-hydroxy-oxepan-2-one 92770-89-3 C16H30O3
    (6R,7S)-7-Decyl-6-hydroxy-oxepan-2-one
    —— (+/-)-1,6<i>exo</i>-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-5<i>endo</i>-carboxylic acid methyl ester 103855-19-2 C11H16O4
    (+/-)-1,6<i>exo</i>-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-5<i>endo</i>-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— (1S,3S,7S,8S)-3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-8-(2-((2R,4R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl)-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate 1383434-62-5 C35H60O6Si2
    (1S,3S,7S,8S)-3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-8-(2-((2R,4R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl)-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate
    —— [(3S,3aS,6R,6aS,10R,10aR)-3,6-dimethyl-9-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,10-octahydro-3H-benzo[h][1]benzofuran-10-yl] acetate 554412-08-7 C17H24O4
    [(3S,3aS,6R,6aS,10R,10aR)-3,6-dimethyl-9-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,10-octahydro-3H-benzo[h][1]benzofuran-10-yl] acetate
    —— 9,18-didodecyl-1,10-dioxacyclooctadeca-6,15-dien-2,11-dione 1370732-61-8 C40H72O4
    9,18-didodecyl-1,10-dioxacyclooctadeca-6,15-dien-2,11-dione
    —— carbamic acid 3,9,13-tris-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-14-[4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-1-isopropyl-2,4,8,10-tetramethyl-tetradeca-6,11-dienyl ester 837383-44-5 C53H107NO8Si4
    carbamic acid 3,9,13-tris-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-14-[4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-1-isopropyl-2,4,8,10-tetramethyl-tetradeca-6,11-dienyl ester
    —— δ-Methyl-δ-isobutyl-δ-valerolacton 2610-93-7 C10H18O2
    δ-Methyl-δ-isobutyl-δ-valerolacton
    —— (4R,5S)-5-<<2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethoxy>carbonyl>-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-5-pentanolide 122445-43-6 C13H24O5Si
    (4R,5S)-5-<<2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethoxy>carbonyl>-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-5-pentanolide
    —— (4R,5R)-5-Carboxy-4,5-dimethyl-5-pentanolide 105835-12-9 C8H12O4
    (4R,5R)-5-Carboxy-4,5-dimethyl-5-pentanolide
    —— (6S)-6-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxy-3-methyloxan-2-one 110134-81-1 C23H30O4Si
    (6S)-6-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxy-3-methyloxan-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-5-<<(tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy>methyl>-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-5-pentanolide 120093-59-6 C24H32O4Si
    (4R,5S)-5-<<(tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy>methyl>-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-5-pentanolide