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内酯类

内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物,通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中,并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

内酯的分类
  1. 按环大小划分:根据内酯环的大小,可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
  2. 按碳原子数划分:依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同,可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
结构特征
  • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
  • 在生物体内,某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化,在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
应用
  1. 医药领域:许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如,四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
  2. 工业化学:内酯作为重要的化工原料,在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
  3. 分析化学与生物传感器:利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测;通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
生物活性
  • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性,如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
  • 在细胞信号传导过程中,内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

总之,内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元,在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式
—— 1005551-09-6 C14H16O5
—— (1R,7R,8R,9R,11R)-9-ethenyl-8-hydroxy-4-[2-[(2R,4S)-5-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-yl]-1,3-dithiolan-2-yl]-11-methyl-2,6-dioxatricyclo[5.2.2.01,5]undec-4-en-3-one 903504-35-8 C21H30O5S2
—— 3-[1-Hydroxy-eth-(E)-ylidene]-4,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 45847-92-5 C8H12O3
—— 4-hydroxy-2-octyl-acetoacetic acid-lactone 351499-09-7 C12H20O3
—— Methanesulfonic acid (3aR,4R,7aS)-4-methoxy-2-oxo-octahydro-benzofuran-3-ylmethyl ester 81857-18-3 C11H18O6S
—— (R)-5-hexyl-3-methylenedihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 101693-59-8 C11H18O2
—— (4R,5R,6S)-4-methyl-6-propan-2-yl-5-[(4S)-4-propan-2-yl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidine-3-carbonyl]oxan-2-one 140134-15-2 C16H25NO3S2
—— 1,2,3,4-Tetramethyl-cyclobutan-cis-dicarbonsaeure-(1,2)-anhydrid 6157-51-3 C10H14O3
—— Hygrophyllinensaeuredilacton 3573-83-9 C10H12O4
—— (R)-2-t-butylglutaric anhydride 118060-96-1 C9H14O3
—— Acetic acid 13-oxo-12-oxa-tricyclo[4.4.3.01,6]tridec-11-yl ester 77551-96-3 C14H20O4
—— (1'R*,2'R*,4'aR*,8'aR*)-2',3',4',4'a,6',7',8',8'a-Octahydro-2'-methylspiro<furan-3(2H),1'(5'H)-naphthalene>-5(4H),5'-dione 69748-80-7 C14H20O3
—— (5R,6S,7S,8R)-6-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-8-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3,5,7-trimethyl-1-oxacyclooctan-2-one 950479-46-6 C18H36O4Si
—— 5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl)-5-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1610776-18-5 C28H42O4Si2
—— (Z)-(3R,4S,9R)-1,4,9-Trimethyl-10-oxa-tricyclo[7.2.2.0<sup>3,7</sup>]trideca-7,12-dien-11-one 129918-54-3 C15H20O2
—— (1S,4R)-N-((1R,2S)-2-(3-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide 1237494-98-2 C19H22FNO3
—— 5-Oxa-dispiro[2.0.4.6]tetradecan-6-one 72331-86-3 C13H20O2
—— (1R,2S,4S,4'R)-4'-((R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-1,4-divinyl-4',5'-dihydro-2'H-spiro[bicyclo[2.2.2]oct[5]ene-2,3'-furan]-2'-one 1384477-77-3 C15H22O4
—— 3-isopropyl-5-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 27927-42-0 C9H14O2
—— (3R,4R)-4-methyl-3-[(E,2R)-5-methylhex-3-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one 106237-50-7 C12H20O2
—— (R)-3-(2-hydroxyvinyl)-7-oxo-4-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid 2,2-dimethylpropionyloxymethyl ester 1273559-91-3 C14H17NO7
—— γ-Heptyl-α-cyclohexylmethyl-butyrolacton 40542-15-2 C18H32O2
—— 2-Allyl-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-phenyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 90833-00-4 C17H20O4
—— (3S,4R,5S,6R)-4-<(tert-butyl)dimethylsilyloxy>-6-ethyltetrahydro-3-methoxy-5-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one 163594-43-2 C15H30O4Si
—— (S)-3-((R)-1-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1088705-31-0 C12H24O3Si
—— <3R,6S,7S,1(10)E,4Z>-3-methoxymethoxy-13-nor-1(10),4-germacradieno-12,6-lactone 81780-73-6 C16H24O4
—— (3aS,4R,6aR)-4-[(S,1E,5Z)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)octa-1,5-dienyl]-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 1554689-02-9 C21H34O3Si
—— (1R,4S,9S,10R,13R)-13-ethenyl-9-methyl-5-methylidene-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-2,14-dione 121411-26-5 C19H24O3
—— (2aS,4aS,7aS,7bS)-Octahydro-indeno[7,1-bc]furan-2,3-dione 91492-05-6 C10H12O3
—— (2ξ,5α)-2,6',7',8',9',10',11',12',13',15'-decahydro-4'<i>H</i>-17a-oxa-3',4',15',16'-tetraaza-cycloheptadeca[2,3]-17a-homo-androstane-17,5',14'-trione 17094-63-2 C30H46N4O4
—— (S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (1S,3R,4S,4aR,5S,6S,7R,8S,8aS)-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-decahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester 85614-02-4 C30H54O9Si
—— (11-Methoxycarbonylmethyl-17,19-dioxo-18-oxa-dispiro[7.0.7.3]nonadec-2-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester 77188-57-9 C24H36O7
—— xestospongiene G 1263368-16-6 C15H22Br2O3
—— 4-Hydroxy-3-propyl-2,2-diphenyl-γ-butyrolacton 4052-47-5 C19H20O3
—— 6β,9aβ-dimethyl-3,3aα,4,5,6,6aβ,9a,9bα-octahydroazuleno<4,5-b>furan-2,9-dione 9-ethylene ketal 83096-70-2 C16H22O4
—— tetrahydro-6-((E)-prop-1-enyl)pyran-2-one 75649-56-8 C8H12O2
—— (S)-3-Ethyl-3-(3-methoxymethoxy-propyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 182282-16-2 C11H20O4
—— (R)-7-Ethylheptanolide 120586-06-3 C9H16O2
—— 134665-20-6 C18H30O5
—— (3R<sup>*</sup>,5R<sup>*</sup>,7S<sup>*</sup>)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-8-methylnonanoic acid δ-lactone 113778-47-5 C10H18O4
—— (3aS,4R,5R,6aS)-ethyl-6a-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-3-oxo-4-(thiophen-2-yl)hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-5-carboxylate 1111644-80-4 C16H20O5S
—— 1085279-21-5 C11H18O2
—— (1S,4S,5aR,7aR,7bR,9aS,10R,12aS,12bR,14aS,14bR)-10-acetyl-5,5,7a,7b,12a,14b-hexamethylicosahydro-2H-1,4-epoxycyclopenta[7,8]phenanthro[1,2-d]oxepin-2-one 89293-53-8 C29H44O4
—— (3S,5S)-5-(4-bromophenyl)-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1613041-21-6 C12H13BrO2
—— (3<i>S</i>)-2,2,3-trimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid 42217-82-3 C8H12O4
—— (3aS,5S,8R,8aR)-8-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-5-methyl-3,3a,4,5,8,8a-hexahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one 107344-20-7 C16H28O3Si
—— (3R,4S,5R)-5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 81114-62-7 C7H12O4
—— Methanesulfonic acid (3S,3aS,10S,11R,11aS)-3,10-dimethyl-6-methylene-2,7-dioxo-dodecahydro-cyclodeca[b]furan-11-yl ester 81680-10-6 C16H24O6S
—— (5R,2'S,5'S)-5'-diphenyltert-butylsilyloxymethyl-2'-pyrrolidinyl-5-methyltetrahydrofuran 245648-33-3 C26H35NO3Si
—— 2,3,3aα,4,5,6,7,7aα-octahydro-4β-hydroxy-6α-methoxycarbonyl-6β-methyl-3β-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-3-phenylselenenyl-1-benzofuran-2-one 81470-31-7 C23H30O5Se