内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 75519-27-6 | C21H32O4 | |
| —— | 2,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-decahydro-4aβ-hydroxy-8aβ-methyl-2-oxonaphtho<2,3-b>furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 60972-01-2 | C15H20O5 |
| —— | 4-oct-1-en-2-yloxetan-2-one | 87626-07-1 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | 1,7-Dioxacyclododecane-2,8-dione | 78773-28-1 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | (2R)-7-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,4-dioxepan-5-one | 1251553-87-3 | C14H18O4 |
| —— | 8-oxabicycle[5.2.1]deca-2,5-dien-9-one | 1258846-50-2 | C9H10O2 |
| —— | (3aS,7aS)-6-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3,3a,7,7a-tetrahydro-benzofuran-2,4-dione | 138034-55-6 | C15H24O4Si |
| —— | (+/-)-4<i>exo</i>-chloro-5,8<i>anti</i>-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2<i>endo</i>-carboxylic acid | 99188-13-3 | C10H13ClO4 |
| —— | 3-bromo-3-(2-bromo-octanoyl)-6-(1,2-dibromo-propyl)-9-hydroxy-9a-methyl-9,9a-dihydro-3<i>H</i>-furo[3,2-<i>g</i>]isoquinolin-2-one | 3627-54-1 | C23H27Br4NO4 |
| —— | (Z)-5-(2-bromo-3-chloro-3-(3-chlorophenyl)allyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1638667-38-5 | C13H11BrCl2O2 |
| —— | (1R,2S,5R,6R,7S)-5-methyl-8,10-dioxa-3,4-diazatricyclo[5.3.0.02,6]dec-3-en-9-one | 126108-35-8 | C7H8N2O3 |
| —— | (tetrahydropyrannyl)-5 pentanolide-4 | 93676-74-5 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | (4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester | 77613-26-4 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | 3β-acetoxy-13-hydroxy-11-oxo-5α,13αH-13,17a-seco-D-homo-androstan-17a-oic acid-lactone | 95286-64-9 | C22H32O5 |
| —— | 5,9-dihydroxy-6-hydroxyimino-14,15,16,19-tetranor-8β<i>H</i>-labdan-13-oic acid-9-lactone | 107152-63-6 | C16H25NO4 |
| —— | ((3aR,4R,6aS)-2-Oxo-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester | 136768-30-4 | C10H12O4 |
| —— | <4R*(1S*,2S*,4R*,6S*,7R*,8R*),2E>-2-methyl-4-(1,2,7-trimethyl-5-oxo-3,9,10-trioxatricyclo<4.3.1.0(2,4)>dec-8-yl)-2-pentenal | 97859-35-3 | C16H22O5 |
| —— | (3aR,6aS,8S,10aR)-8-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-hexahydro-2-oxa-cyclopenta[d]naphthalene-3,4-dione | 615249-13-3 | C18H30O4Si |
| —— | (4R,5R)-4,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-iodomethyl-2(3H)-furanone | 152442-10-9 | C5H7IO3 |
| —— | 5-Acetoxytetrahydro-3,4,5-trimethylfuran-2-on | 131273-42-2 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | 14672-32-3 | C25H34O8 | |
| —— | 2(3H)-Furanone, 3,4-dibutyldihydro-, trans- | 127501-07-9 | C12H22O2 |
| —— | 4-Bromo-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentyl)-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 85576-08-5 | C11H18Br2O3 |
| —— | 3,4-dibutyl-tetrahydro-2-furanone | 141358-40-9 | C12H22O2 |
| —— | (1'S*,2'R*,4'aR*,8'aR*)-2',3',4',4'a,6',7',8',8'a-Octahydro-2'-iodomethylspiro<furan-3(2H),1'(5'H)-naphthalene>-5(4H),5'-dione | 130675-00-2 | C14H19IO3 |
| —— | α-Cyano-δ-methyl-δ-valerolacton | 28274-49-9 | C7H9NO2 |
| —— | 1128080-02-3 | C9H14O2 | |
| —— | 138622-59-0 | C21H30O4 | |
| —— | (3S,3aS,4R,6aS)-3-Hydroxymethyl-4-methoxymethoxy-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 203248-45-7 | C10H16O5 |
| —— | (1S,2R,4S,4'R)-4'-((R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl)dihydro-2'H-spiro-[bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3'-furan]-2'-one | 1384477-65-9 | C13H18O4 |
| —— | (1R,2R,3R,7S)-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-4-oxatricyclo[8.3.1.03,7]tetradec-10-en-5-one | 178266-10-9 | C14H20O3 |
| —— | (3aS,4S,6R,6aR)-6-Iodomethyl-2-oxo-hexahydro-thieno[3,4-b]furan-4-carboxylic acid | 116013-00-4 | C8H9IO4S |
| —— | 5-Cyclohex-1-enyl-3-propyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 96232-77-8 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | <i>O</i><sup>5</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-dimethyl-<i>d</i>-mannonic acid γ lactone | 117735-29-2 | C8H14O6 |
| —— | (1R,2R,6S,7S,10S)-10-Hydroxy-7-iodo-3,9-dioxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]decane-4,8-dione | 157729-80-1 | C8H7IO5 |
| —— | 2-(cis-2-hydroxy-cis-6-methoxycyclohexyl)propenoic acid | 81857-14-9 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | 4-(3-iodo-1-triethylsilyloxypropyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one | 1318652-04-8 | C16H29IO3Si |
| —— | 3-(1,1,1-trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxolan-2-one | 204766-84-7 | C8H11F3O2 |
| —— | 3-methyl-6-phenyldihydropyran-2,4-dione | 1020850-91-2 | C12H12O3 |
| —— | 13,14-dihydro-11-dehydroxy-11-hydroxyethyl-5-oxa-prostaglandin E 1,11-hydroxyethyl-lactone | 872453-69-5 | C21H36O5 |
| —— | 3a,4,7,7a-Tetrahydro-3-phenacylidenephthalide | 50454-17-6 | C16H14O3 |
| —— | 1255384-36-1 | C23H20O8 | |
| —— | 11a-Oxa-C-homo-Δ<sup>16</sup>-5α-pregnen-3β-ol-11,20-dion-3-acetat | 100774-10-5 | C23H32O5 |
| —— | 6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,4,4a,5-tetrahydroisochromen-1-one | 1259057-03-8 | C15H13BrO2 |
| —— | (1R,3R,6S,7R)-1,10-dimethyldispiro[cyclopropane-1,1´-cyclopropane-2´,6"-(4"-oxatricyclo[7.4.0.0<sup>3,7</sup>]tridec-9"-en)]-5-one | 1415894-19-7 | C18H24O2 |
| —— | 4-dodecylthiomethyl-oxetan-2-one S-oxide | 108616-21-3 | C16H30O3S |
| —— | (+/-)-3-Aethyl-4-hydroxy-2-phenyl-2-propyl-buttersaeurelacton | 3402-16-2 | C15H20O2 |
| —— | 9-Methyl-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undeca-2,4-dione | 116583-62-1 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | 4-phenethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 71280-37-0 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | (3R,5S)-dihydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(oct-7-ynyl)furan-2(3H)-one | 1601468-32-9 | C13H20O3 |
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