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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Ethyl 4-bromo-3-chloro-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C10H12BrClO4
    Ethyl 4-bromo-3-chloro-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— 2H-3,9a-Ethanocyclopent[b]oxocin-2-one, octahydro-5,5,7,11-tetramethyl-, (3S,6as,7R,9as,11R)- —— C16H26O2
    2H-3,9a-Ethanocyclopent[b]oxocin-2-one, octahydro-5,5,7,11-tetramethyl-, (3S,6as,7R,9as,11R)-
    —— 3-Fluoro-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2-one —— C10H9FO2
    3-Fluoro-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— [(3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 2-cyclopentyloxyacetate —— C12H18O5
    [(3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 2-cyclopentyloxyacetate
    —— [(3S,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 2-cyclopentyloxyacetate —— C12H18O5
    [(3S,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 2-cyclopentyloxyacetate
    —— [(3R,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 2-cyclopentyloxyacetate —— C12H18O5
    [(3R,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 2-cyclopentyloxyacetate
    —— [amino-[[(2R,4R)-4-(3-methylbutyl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methylsulfanyl]methylidene]azanium —— C11H21N2O2S+
    [amino-[[(2R,4R)-4-(3-methylbutyl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methylsulfanyl]methylidene]azanium
    —— (3E)-8a-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-3-[(4-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl)oxymethylidene]-5,6,7,8b-tetrahydro-3aH-indeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one —— C19H22O6
    (3E)-8a-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-3-[(4-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl)oxymethylidene]-5,6,7,8b-tetrahydro-3aH-indeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one
    —— (3E)-3-[[3-[[(Z)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methyl]amino]propylamino]methylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C13H18N2O4
    (3E)-3-[[3-[[(Z)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methyl]amino]propylamino]methylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (Z)-3-(1-(bis(trimethylsilyl)amino)ethylidene)furan-2,4(3H,5H)-dione —— C12H23NO3Si2
    (Z)-3-(1-(bis(trimethylsilyl)amino)ethylidene)furan-2,4(3H,5H)-dione
    —— 3-(11-Dodecynylidene)-5-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C17H26O3
    3-(11-Dodecynylidene)-5-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (3Z)-3-(5-butyloxolan-2-ylidene)-5-hydroxy-6-pentyloxane-2,4-dione —— C18H28O5
    (3Z)-3-(5-butyloxolan-2-ylidene)-5-hydroxy-6-pentyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— [(Z)-1-(2-methyl-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl)ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C11H19N3O2S
    [(Z)-1-(2-methyl-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl)ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (3R,3aS,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9,9b-tetramethyl-3a,4,5,9a-tetrahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C16H20O3
    (3R,3aS,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9,9b-tetramethyl-3a,4,5,9a-tetrahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3S,5S)-3,8,8-trimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C13H19N3O5
    [(Z)-1-[(3S,5S)-3,8,8-trimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— [(E)-4-[(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C11H19N3O2S
    [(E)-4-[(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2R,4R)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C11H19N3O2S
    [(Z)-1-[(2R,4R)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— lachnellulone —— C18H28O5
    lachnellulone
    —— 3-[[(Z)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methoxy]methylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C10H10O5
    3-[[(Z)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methoxy]methylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3Z)-3-hexadec-15-enylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C21H36O3
    (3Z)-3-hexadec-15-enylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3Z)-3-(dimethylaminomethylidene)-5-hexyloxolan-2-one —— C13H23NO2
    (3Z)-3-(dimethylaminomethylidene)-5-hexyloxolan-2-one
    —— 4,5-Dihydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C5H8O4
    4,5-Dihydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— Vernomygdin —— C19H24O7
    Vernomygdin
    —— 4-[2-[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-4-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxy)-3-methylbutyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C20H40O8Si
    4-[2-[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-4-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxy)-3-methylbutyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-(Iodomethyl)-3,5,6-trimethyloxan-2-one —— C9H15IO2
    4-(Iodomethyl)-3,5,6-trimethyloxan-2-one
    —— 6-Ethenyl-8-methylidene-2-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undecan-3-one —— C13H16O2
    6-Ethenyl-8-methylidene-2-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undecan-3-one
    —— 3-Tert-butyl-4-(iodomethyl)oxan-2-one —— C10H17IO2
    3-Tert-butyl-4-(iodomethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— [1-[5-(2-Methylpropoxymethyl)-2-oxo-3-oxolanyl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C13H23N3O3S
    [1-[5-(2-Methylpropoxymethyl)-2-oxo-3-oxolanyl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (3R,1'R,4''S)-3-<1'-cyclohexyl-1'-(2'',2''-dimethyl-1'',3''-dioxolan-4''-yl)methyl>tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C17H28O4
    (3R,1'R,4''S)-3-<1'-cyclohexyl-1'-(2'',2''-dimethyl-1'',3''-dioxolan-4''-yl)methyl>tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (3E,4R,5R)-3-(1-bromoethylidene)-4-(bromomethyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C8H10Br2O2
    (3E,4R,5R)-3-(1-bromoethylidene)-4-(bromomethyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R,9S,10R,13R)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-6,10,13-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]tridec-6-ene-3,8-dione —— C16H22O5
    (1S,5R,9S,10R,13R)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-6,10,13-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]tridec-6-ene-3,8-dione
    —— (4S,4aS,7E,11aR)-7-methyl-11-methylidene-4-pent-4-enyl-1,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3-one —— C19H28O2
    (4S,4aS,7E,11aR)-7-methyl-11-methylidene-4-pent-4-enyl-1,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-tridecyloxolan-2-one —— C17H32O3
    (4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-tridecyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5S,6S)-5-diethoxyphosphoryl-6-propan-2-yloxan-2-one —— C12H23O5P
    (5S,6S)-5-diethoxyphosphoryl-6-propan-2-yloxan-2-one
    —— (5R,6S)-5-diethoxyphosphoryl-6-propan-2-yloxan-2-one —— C12H23O5P
    (5R,6S)-5-diethoxyphosphoryl-6-propan-2-yloxan-2-one
    —— (3S,5aS,9S,9aS,9bS)-5a-ethyl-3,9-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,9,9a,9b-octahydrofuro[2,3-f]isochromene-2,8-dione —— C15H22O4
    (3S,5aS,9S,9aS,9bS)-5a-ethyl-3,9-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,9,9a,9b-octahydrofuro[2,3-f]isochromene-2,8-dione
    —— (3R)-3-[(2R,3E)-2-hydroxy-3-(nitromethylidene)pentan-2-yl]oxan-2-one —— C11H17NO5
    (3R)-3-[(2R,3E)-2-hydroxy-3-(nitromethylidene)pentan-2-yl]oxan-2-one
    —— 3-Benzyl-3-methylsulfinyloxolan-2-one —— C12H14O3S
    3-Benzyl-3-methylsulfinyloxolan-2-one
    —— methyl (3aS,5aS,9aR)-4-oxo-1,2,3,5a,6,7,8,9-octahydrocyclopenta[c][1]benzofuran-3a-carboxylate —— C13H18O4
    methyl (3aS,5aS,9aR)-4-oxo-1,2,3,5a,6,7,8,9-octahydrocyclopenta[c][1]benzofuran-3a-carboxylate
    —— (1S,2R,4S,6S,9R)-9-bromo-3,7-dioxatricyclo[4.2.1.02,4]nonan-8-one —— C7H7BrO3
    (1S,2R,4S,6S,9R)-9-bromo-3,7-dioxatricyclo[4.2.1.02,4]nonan-8-one
    —— (5R)-3-methylidene-4-prop-2-enoxy-5-propyloxolan-2-one —— C11H16O3
    (5R)-3-methylidene-4-prop-2-enoxy-5-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3aR,5aR,8aR)-Octahydro-dicyclopenta[b,c]furan-5-one —— C10H14O2
    (3aR,5aR,8aR)-Octahydro-dicyclopenta[b,c]furan-5-one
    —— (3S,4S)-3-acetyl-3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C8H12O3
    (3S,4S)-3-acetyl-3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-5-methyl-3-prop-2-enyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C8H10O3
    (3S,5R)-5-methyl-3-prop-2-enyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 7-Oxatricyclo[4.3.0.02,9]nonan-8-one —— C8H10O2
    7-Oxatricyclo[4.3.0.02,9]nonan-8-one
    —— Briarellin a —— C28H44O7
    Briarellin a
    —— [(1S,3S,4aR,8S,8aR)-8-[3-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]propyl]-3-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate —— C24H38O5
    [(1S,3S,4aR,8S,8aR)-8-[3-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]propyl]-3-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— saccopetrin A —— C25H42O3
    saccopetrin A
    —— N-[[4-(2,6-dimethylheptan-4-ylidene)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl]-N-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropanamide —— C20H35NO5
    N-[[4-(2,6-dimethylheptan-4-ylidene)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl]-N-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropanamide
    —— (5R)-5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxolane-2,4-dione —— C12H18O11
    (5R)-5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxolane-2,4-dione