内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 5-acetoxymethyl-6-oxo-3,5-diphenyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carbonyl chloride | 102478-54-6 | C21H19ClO5 |
| —— | 5-glycoloyl-3-methoxymethyl-3,5-diphenyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 102448-56-6 | C21H22O5 |
| —— | <1,2-O-isopropylidene-β-L-threo-tetrofurano>-<3,4-f>-(3S,4S,5R)-3-<(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)methyl>-4,5-dicarboxycyclohexene-4,5-anhydride | 79507-15-6 | C20H30O7Si |
| —— | (3aS,6S,6aS,9bR)-6-Methoxymethyl-3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one | 85013-09-8 | C14H20O3 |
| —— | (3aR,5aS,8aR)-5a-Chloro-3,3a,5a,6-tetrahydro-2H-dicyclopenta[b,c]furan-1,5-dione | 137538-03-5 | C10H9ClO3 |
| —— | γ-Butyrolacton-α-carbonsaeureamid | 89463-90-1 | C5H7NO3 |
| —— | tert-butyl (2S,3S,4S)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-methyl-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylcarbamate | 1575517-46-2 | C17H33NO5Si |
| —— | γ-Cyano-γ-butyrolacton | 52065-77-7 | C5H5NO2 |
| —— | 3,11-Dihydroxy-8,16-dimethyl-1,9-dioxa-cyclohexadecane-2,5,10,13-tetraone | 78174-84-2 | C16H24O8 |
| —— | (+/-)-all-cis-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-Hexahydro-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-1H-cyclopenta<c>furan-4-carbonsaeure | 110192-09-1 | C8H10O5 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-4-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-6-<(1R)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl>tetrahydropyran-2-one | 119961-22-7 | C17H30N2O6 |
| —— | (5R,11R,14R,2'R,5'R,1''S)-5,11-bis(methoxymethoxy)-14-[5'-(1'''-methoxymethoxy-pentadecyl)-tetrahydro-furan-2'-yl]-oxacyclotetradecan-2-one | 865091-28-7 | C38H72O9 |
| —— | 3-(phenylselanyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 68872-77-5 | C11H12O2Se |
| —— | 1258203-90-5 | C13H15IO2 | |
| —— | (5R,6S)-5-Benzyl-6-phenyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione | 109277-41-0 | C18H16O3 |
| —— | 3,5,5-Trimethyl-4-methylene-dihydro-furan-2-one | 128813-16-1 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | 4α-carboxy-1α,7β,13α-trihydroxy-13,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 13,16-lactone | 1012876-92-4 | C20H30O6 |
| —— | (3R,4S)-3-((S)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-oxo-cyclopentyl)-4-phenyl-oxetan-2-one | 105619-69-0 | C16H18O3 |
| —— | 12-oxo-13,14,15,16-tetranor-ent-halim-5(10)-en-18,2β-olide | 1114282-56-2 | C16H22O3 |
| —— | CCDC 721025 | 1176877-14-7 | C18H24O6 |
| —— | trans-β-methyl-γ-isopropyl-γ-butyrolactone | 85710-97-0 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | 1147756-73-7 | C16H26O3Si | |
| —— | (R,E)-6-(hex-1-en-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1569091-44-6 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-[2-((1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-naphthalen-1-yl)-ethyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 118682-47-6 | C25H44O4Si |
| —— | 4-Methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbonitrile | 53826-30-5 | C12H11NO2 |
| —— | α-methylenebutyrplactone | 96625-45-5 | C14H14O4 |
| —— | 4,4-bis-acetoxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 86015-30-7 | C10H14O6 |
| —— | 2,3,5-trideoxy-3,5-di-C-methyl-D-talo-heptono-1,4-lactone | 105676-52-6 | C12H20O4 |
| —— | 3,4-diazatricyclo<5.2.1.02,6>deca-3,8-diene-endo-cis-2,6-dicarboxylic anhydride | 128635-96-1 | C10H8N2O3 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-6-{2[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-6-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-8-(2,2-diallyl-4-pentenoyloxy)-2-methyl-1-naphthyl]ethyl}tetrahydro-4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2H-pyran-2-one | 159224-85-8 | C41H68O6Si2 |
| —— | (4R,4aR,8aR)-4-Allyl-octahydro-isochromen-3-one | 75866-82-9 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | α-Hydroxy-α-butylbutyrolacton | 53474-93-4 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | (2R)-3-camphanoylamino-2-fluoropropanoic acid | 98897-90-6 | C13H18FNO5 |
| —— | 3-(2-carbamoyl-2-methyl-6-oxo-cyclohexyl)-propionic acid | 103985-67-7 | C11H17NO4 |
| —— | (+)-(2Z,3R,4S)-2-(dodec-11-ynylidene)-3-hydroxy-4-methylbutanolide | 1196997-39-3 | C17H26O3 |
| —— | 5-methyl-5-(4-methyl-decyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 858482-89-0 | C16H30O2 |
| —— | (4-ethoxycarbonyl-5,7-dihydroxy-3-oxo-8a-vinyl-octahydro-isochromen-6-ylidene)-malonic acid di-<i>tert</i>-butyl ester | 66556-63-6 | C25H36O10 |
| —— | 1115302-06-1 | C7H8O5 | |
| —— | (+/-)-2<i>t</i>-methyl-10-oxo-(8a<i>t</i>)-octahydro-4a<i>r</i>,1<i>c</i>-oxaethano-naphthalene-2<i>c</i>-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 107821-54-5 | C14H20O4 |
| —— | α-(1,1-dicyano-3-butenyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 666738-61-0 | C10H10N2O2 |
| —— | (1R,2S,5S,6R,7S)-5-[5-trimethylsilyl-3-(E)-pentenyl]-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one | 662112-18-7 | C17H26O2Si |
| —— | 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one | 1126906-60-2 | C11H11ClO2 |
| —— | (3R,5S)-3-(3-bromo-2-methylenepropyl)-5-<(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)methyl>-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 162518-02-7 | C25H31BrO3Si |
| —— | 9-bromo-3,3,6,10-tetramethyl-5,6,9,9a-tetrahydro-3H-6,9-methano-pyrano[3,4-d]oxepin-1,8-dione | 108880-28-0 | C14H17BrO4 |
| —— | (1R,4R,5S) 6,6-dimethyl-4-(2-methyl-prop-2-yl)-3-oxa-bicyclo(3,1,0)hexan-2-one | 87255-96-7 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | (5a<i>R</i>,6<i>R</i>)-7<i>c</i>,8<i>c</i>-epoxy-8a-hydroxy-9<i>anti</i>-isopropenyl-5a-methyl-(5a<i>r</i>,8a<i>c</i>)-tetrahydro-spiro[1<i>c</i>,4<i>c</i>-methano-cyclopent[<i>d</i>]oxepin-6,2'-oxirane]-2,5-dione | 2571-87-1 | C15H16O6 |
| —— | (S)-3-methyl-3-(3-oxopentyl)furan-2,4(3H,5H)-dione | 1352125-81-5 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | (1S,2R,4aR,5R,8aR)-5′-acetyloxymethyl-2′,5′,8′a-trimethyl-spiro-[furan-2(5H),1′(2′H)-decahydronaphthalen]-5-one | 1519040-71-1 | C19H30O4 |
| —— | 2-<sup>14</sup>C-Mevalonsaeure-lacton | 18657-73-3 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | 5-(1'-iodo-1'(Z)-heptenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 1100356-32-8 | C11H17IO2 |
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