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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— [(S)-2-Oxo-5-triisopropylsilanyloxymethyl-dihydro-furan-(3E)-ylidene]-acetaldehyde 189516-41-4 C16H28O4Si
    [(S)-2-Oxo-5-triisopropylsilanyloxymethyl-dihydro-furan-(3E)-ylidene]-acetaldehyde
    —— (4R,5R)-4,5-Dimethyl-5-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 178627-96-8 C8H12O2
    (4R,5R)-4,5-Dimethyl-5-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-3-[(E)-2-butynylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydro-2-furanone] 305817-93-0 C9H10O3
    (4R,5S)-3-[(E)-2-butynylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydro-2-furanone]
    —— Formic acid (R)-2-formyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl ester 172751-29-0 C7H8O5
    Formic acid (R)-2-formyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl ester
    —— sapidolide A 182191-87-3 C14H18O5
    sapidolide A
    —— 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2(S)-methylbutyryloxy)-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6 tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 123049-73-0 C24H36O5
    6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2(S)-methylbutyryloxy)-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6 tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (2aS,5R,5aR,6S,8aR,8bR)-6-Hydroxy-2a-methyl-2a,3,4,5,5a,6,7,8,8a,8b-decahydro-2H-cyclopropa[4.4a]naphtho(1,8-bc)furan-2-one 205749-61-7 C13H18O3
    (2aS,5R,5aR,6S,8aR,8bR)-6-Hydroxy-2a-methyl-2a,3,4,5,5a,6,7,8,8a,8b-decahydro-2H-cyclopropa[4.4a]naphtho(1,8-bc)furan-2-one
    —— (2R,3S,4S)-2,3-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-methylbutyrolactone 318488-68-5 C17H36O4Si2
    (2R,3S,4S)-2,3-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-methylbutyrolactone
    —— (3S,6R)-6-[(S)-1-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-propyl]-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 200929-02-8 C26H36O3Si
    (3S,6R)-6-[(S)-1-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-propyl]-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-4-bromodihydro-3,5-dimethyl-5-[((1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl)oxy]methylfuran-2(3H)-one 220453-78-1 C13H25BrO3Si
    (3R,4S,5R)-4-bromodihydro-3,5-dimethyl-5-[((1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl)oxy]methylfuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (2aS,5R,5aR,8aR,8bR)-2a-Methyl-2a,3,4,5,5a,6,7,8,8a,8b-decahydro-2H-cyclopropa[4.4a]naphtho(1,8-bc)furan-2,6-dione 205749-63-9 C13H16O3
    (2aS,5R,5aR,8aR,8bR)-2a-Methyl-2a,3,4,5,5a,6,7,8,8a,8b-decahydro-2H-cyclopropa[4.4a]naphtho(1,8-bc)furan-2,6-dione
    —— (4R,5R,8R,9S) 9-(methoxymethoxy)-5,8-oxidoheneicosa-9-hydroxy-1,4-olide 248601-93-6 C23H42O5
    (4R,5R,8R,9S) 9-(methoxymethoxy)-5,8-oxidoheneicosa-9-hydroxy-1,4-olide
    —— (4R,5S)-4,5-Dimethyl-5-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 178740-16-4 C8H12O2
    (4R,5S)-4,5-Dimethyl-5-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3-(1,1-Dimethyl-prop-2-ynyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 179469-90-0 C10H14O2
    3-(1,1-Dimethyl-prop-2-ynyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4-triethylsilyloxy-5-(triethylsilyloxymethyl)oxolan-2-one 175020-67-4 C17H36O4Si2
    (4S,5R)-4-triethylsilyloxy-5-(triethylsilyloxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (R)-4-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-4-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 200204-51-9 C8H14O3
    (R)-4-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-4-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3,3-difluoro-dihydro-furan-2-one 166275-26-9 C17H34F2O4Si2
    (4S,5S)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3,3-difluoro-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 6-Azidotetrahydro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one 184157-11-7 C6H6F3N3O2
    6-Azidotetrahydro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— methyl (2R,3R,4R)-2,3,4-trimethyl-5-methylidene-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylate 247017-06-7 C11H16O4
    methyl (2R,3R,4R)-2,3,4-trimethyl-5-methylidene-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3R,5S)-5-[(S)-3-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-2-hydroxy-propyl]-3-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one 177422-52-5 C23H30O5Si
    (3R,5S)-5-[(S)-3-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-2-hydroxy-propyl]-3-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3,4-di-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-6-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-2-deoxy-D-galactono-1,5-lactone 336130-13-3 C34H56O5Si3
    3,4-di-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-6-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-2-deoxy-D-galactono-1,5-lactone
    —— (3S,4S)-4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 265299-35-2 C6H10O3
    (3S,4S)-4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (S)-5-Methoxymethyl-3,3-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-propyl)-furan-2,4-dione 189178-39-0 C11H16O5
    (S)-5-Methoxymethyl-3,3-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-propyl)-furan-2,4-dione
    —— (3aS,6S,6aR)-3-Oxo-6-vinyl-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-3a-carboxylic acid methyl ester 197084-56-3 C11H14O4
    (3aS,6S,6aR)-3-Oxo-6-vinyl-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-3a-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— (3aR,4S,6aS)-4-Vinyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one 197084-60-9 C9H12O2
    (3aR,4S,6aS)-4-Vinyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one
    —— (4R,5R,6R)-4-[(2S)-2-(3-methoxypentan-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-5-methyl-6-propan-2-yloxan-2-one 177268-39-2 C19H35NO3
    (4R,5R,6R)-4-[(2S)-2-(3-methoxypentan-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-5-methyl-6-propan-2-yloxan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,5S)-5-[(1R)-2,2-bis(ethylsulfanyl)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-one 173239-81-1 C10H18O5S2
    (3R,4R,5S)-5-[(1R)-2,2-bis(ethylsulfanyl)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— ((2R,3S)-2-ethoxy-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-carbamic acid allyl ester 220184-67-8 C10H15NO5
    ((2R,3S)-2-ethoxy-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-carbamic acid allyl ester
    —— (5R)-9,9-dimethyl-8-methylidene-2-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,7-dione 182164-22-3 C11H14O3
    (5R)-9,9-dimethyl-8-methylidene-2-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,7-dione
    —— (1S,5R)-1-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-1-carbonyl)-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one 183850-88-6 C16H23NO3
    (1S,5R)-1-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-1-carbonyl)-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— (2R,4aR,5aS,10aR,12aS)-2-Phenyl-decahydro-1,3,5,10-tetraoxa-benzo[b]heptalen-9-one 439264-88-7 C18H22O5
    (2R,4aR,5aS,10aR,12aS)-2-Phenyl-decahydro-1,3,5,10-tetraoxa-benzo[b]heptalen-9-one
    —— (4S,6S)-4-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-6-[(E,4S)-4-methyl-5-triethylsilyloxypent-2-en-2-yl]oxan-2-one 172268-41-6 C33H50O4Si2
    (4S,6S)-4-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-6-[(E,4S)-4-methyl-5-triethylsilyloxypent-2-en-2-yl]oxan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R,6R)-6-hydroxy-3,5-bis(methoxymethoxy)hexan-4-olide 155343-73-0 C10H18O7
    (3S,5R,6R)-6-hydroxy-3,5-bis(methoxymethoxy)hexan-4-olide
    —— 2-Oxetanone, 3-(chloromethyl)-3-methyl- 13390-74-4 C5H7ClO2
    2-Oxetanone, 3-(chloromethyl)-3-methyl-
    —— (4R,5S)-4-(Dimethyl-phenyl-silanyl)-5-((R)-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 172424-02-1 C14H20O3Si
    (4R,5S)-4-(Dimethyl-phenyl-silanyl)-5-((R)-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (5R,7S)-7-[(S)-2-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-1-methyl-ethyl]-5-methyl-oxepan-2-one 146397-43-5 C26H36O3Si
    (5R,7S)-7-[(S)-2-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-1-methyl-ethyl]-5-methyl-oxepan-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4-Hydroxy-5-trimethylsilanyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 156757-21-0 C7H14O3Si
    (4R,5R)-4-Hydroxy-5-trimethylsilanyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (2S,3S)-3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-((S)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-2-triethylsilanyloxy-propionaldehyde 462099-63-4 C19H38O5Si2
    (2S,3S)-3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-((S)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-2-triethylsilanyloxy-propionaldehyde
    —— (3aS,5S,6aS,1'R)-(-)-Hexahydro-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)-6a-methyl-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-on 154603-30-2 C10H16O3
    (3aS,5S,6aS,1'R)-(-)-Hexahydro-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)-6a-methyl-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-on
    —— (R)-6-(3-Chloropropyl)-5,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,4-dione 210691-77-3 C10H15ClO3
    (R)-6-(3-Chloropropyl)-5,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,4-dione
    —— (5R,8R,9S)-8-tert-butyldiphenylsiloxymethyl-2-hydroxy-9-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-9-trimethylsiloxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-6-one 440641-15-6 C30H42O8Si2
    (5R,8R,9S)-8-tert-butyldiphenylsiloxymethyl-2-hydroxy-9-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-9-trimethylsiloxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-6-one
    —— (3R,3aR,6R,7S,8aR)-7-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-3,6-dimethyl-octahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one 161029-69-2 C27H36O3Si
    (3R,3aR,6R,7S,8aR)-7-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-3,6-dimethyl-octahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— [4S(4α,5β,5aβ,5bα,8aα)]-hexahydro-4,5-di(t-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]furo[2,3-d]isoxazol-7(3H)one 260369-34-4 C40H47NO5Si2
    [4S(4α,5β,5aβ,5bα,8aα)]-hexahydro-4,5-di(t-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]furo[2,3-d]isoxazol-7(3H)one
    —— (2R,3R,4R)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-methylbutyrolactone 140632-62-8 C5H8O4
    (2R,3R,4R)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-methylbutyrolactone
    —— (3E,3aR,6aR)-3-[[[(2R)-2,5-Dihydro-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-furanyl]oxy]methylene]-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 76974-80-6 C13H12O5
    (3E,3aR,6aR)-3-[[[(2R)-2,5-Dihydro-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-furanyl]oxy]methylene]-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (1r,4r,5s)-4-(1,1-Dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 187592-70-7 C9H9Cl2F3O2
    (1r,4r,5s)-4-(1,1-Dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 5-Iodo-oxocan-2-one 404003-23-2 C7H11IO2
    5-Iodo-oxocan-2-one
    —— (4aR,7aS)-7-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one 251292-15-6 C24H30O3Si
    (4aR,7aS)-7-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one
    —— (5E,7E)-(3R,4R)-4-Ethyl-3-methyl-8-((S)-2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-octa-5,7-dienal 156350-33-3 C16H24O3
    (5E,7E)-(3R,4R)-4-Ethyl-3-methyl-8-((S)-2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-octa-5,7-dienal
    —— Lovastatin derivative putative C21H30O5 observed in fungal symbiont H 145576-24-5 C21H30O5
    Lovastatin derivative putative C21H30O5 observed in fungal symbiont H