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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— γ-octyloxy-ε-caprolactone 1315073-03-0 C14H26O3
    γ-octyloxy-ε-caprolactone
    —— 3-(8-oxadispiro<2.1.2.1>octan-4-ylidene)tetrahydro-2-furanone 123674-88-4 C12H12O3
    3-(8-oxadispiro<2.1.2.1>octan-4-ylidene)tetrahydro-2-furanone
    —— 5,10-Dioxa-6,6-tetramethylene-9,9-tetramethylenetricyclo<6.3.0.0<sup>3,7</sup>>undecane-4,11-dione 131510-60-6 C17H22O4
    5,10-Dioxa-6,6-tetramethylene-9,9-tetramethylenetricyclo<6.3.0.0<sup>3,7</sup>>undecane-4,11-dione
    —— (RS)-6-prop-1-enyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 80081-23-8 C8H12O2
    (RS)-6-prop-1-enyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (4S)-4-[4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-butyl]-γ-butyrolactone 908357-57-3 C24H32O3Si
    (4S)-4-[4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-butyl]-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3R,3aS,6S,6aR)-3,6-dimethyl-1-oxo-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[c]furan-3-carbaldehyde —— C10H14O3
    (3R,3aS,6S,6aR)-3,6-dimethyl-1-oxo-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[c]furan-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (3S,4R,5S)-methyl 4-allyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate 1147856-19-6 C10H14O5
    (3S,4R,5S)-methyl 4-allyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— (S)-3-acetylamino-y-butyrolactone 754228-95-0 C6H9NO3
    (S)-3-acetylamino-y-butyrolactone
    —— (R,Z)-7,15-Hexadecadien-4-olide 176534-74-0 C16H26O2
    (R,Z)-7,15-Hexadecadien-4-olide
    —— (3aR,4R,7aS,αR)-4-Methyl-1-(α-methylbenzyl)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydropyrano[4,3-d]oxazole-2,6(1H)-dione 257907-98-5 C15H17NO4
    (3aR,4R,7aS,αR)-4-Methyl-1-(α-methylbenzyl)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydropyrano[4,3-d]oxazole-2,6(1H)-dione
    —— 3,3-diethyl-furan-2,4-dione 50263-71-3 C8H12O3
    3,3-diethyl-furan-2,4-dione
    —— (3S)-3-[(1R,2R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]oxan-2-one 99469-56-4 C12H20O3
    (3S)-3-[(1R,2R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]oxan-2-one
    —— methyl 1,2,4,6,6a,7,8,9-octahydro-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxopentaleno<1,6a-c>pyran-5-carboxylate 83588-27-6 C15H20O4
    methyl 1,2,4,6,6a,7,8,9-octahydro-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxopentaleno<1,6a-c>pyran-5-carboxylate
    —— 7,9-dioxo-8-oxa<4.4.4>propell-3-ene 85067-46-5 C13H16O3
    7,9-dioxo-8-oxa<4.4.4>propell-3-ene
    —— 7-oxo-8-oxa<4.4.4>propell-3-ene 85067-47-6 C13H18O2
    7-oxo-8-oxa<4.4.4>propell-3-ene
    —— (2R,8R)-5-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2,8-dimethyl-2,3,7,8-tetradeoxy-L-glycero-L-manno-nonaric acid di-γ-lactone 128685-03-0 C17H30O5Si
    (2R,8R)-5-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2,8-dimethyl-2,3,7,8-tetradeoxy-L-glycero-L-manno-nonaric acid di-γ-lactone
    —— 5(S)-methyl-6(R)-isopropyltetrahydro-2(3H)-pyranone 114179-37-2 C9H16O2
    5(S)-methyl-6(R)-isopropyltetrahydro-2(3H)-pyranone
    —— 3-methylene-octahydro-cyclohepta[<i>b</i>]furan-2-one 53387-39-6 C10H14O2
    3-methylene-octahydro-cyclohepta[<i>b</i>]furan-2-one
    —— (R)-α-Phenyl-γ-butyrolactone 112607-27-9 C10H10O2
    (R)-α-Phenyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— α,α-diallyl-δ-valerolactone 163012-19-9 C11H16O2
    α,α-diallyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— (2R,3R)-5-ethylidene-2,3-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylic acid 3055-21-8 C10H14O4
    (2R,3R)-5-ethylidene-2,3-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (5E)-5-ethylidene-2,3-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylic acid 3055-21-8 C10H14O4
    (5E)-5-ethylidene-2,3-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (3R,5S)-3-methyl-5-((S)-1-(triisopropylsilyloxy)allyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 682342-34-3 C17H32O3Si
    (3R,5S)-3-methyl-5-((S)-1-(triisopropylsilyloxy)allyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 2-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-4,5-dideoxy-L-threo-hexuronic acid 6,3-lactone 279221-82-8 C12H22O4Si
    2-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-4,5-dideoxy-L-threo-hexuronic acid 6,3-lactone
    —— ethyl 2-((2aS,2a(1)R,5aS,6R,8aR)-6-hydroxy-2a,5a-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-((triethylsilyloxy)methyl)-2a,2a(1),3,4,5,5a,6,8a-octahydro-2H-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-6-yl)acetate 1191942-11-6 C24H40O6Si
    ethyl 2-((2aS,2a(1)R,5aS,6R,8aR)-6-hydroxy-2a,5a-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-((triethylsilyloxy)methyl)-2a,2a(1),3,4,5,5a,6,8a-octahydro-2H-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-6-yl)acetate
    —— (3R,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 112789-85-2 C5H8O3
    (3R,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (+)-tulipalin B 95529-89-8 C5H6O3
    (+)-tulipalin B
    —— 2-hydroxymethylenebutan-4-olide 78646-79-4 C5H6O3
    2-hydroxymethylenebutan-4-olide
    —— 4-(2-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)dihydro-2H-pyran-2,6(3H)-dione 877398-87-3 C14H11NO3S
    4-(2-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)dihydro-2H-pyran-2,6(3H)-dione
    —— (3R,4R,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-((E)-(R)-1-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpent-2-enyl)-3-methoxydihydrofuran-2-one 958075-48-4 C12H20O5
    (3R,4R,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-((E)-(R)-1-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpent-2-enyl)-3-methoxydihydrofuran-2-one
    —— tetradec-5-yn-4-olide 75629-71-9 C14H22O2
    tetradec-5-yn-4-olide
    —— 3,6,6-Trimethyloxan-2-one 20474-00-4 C8H14O2
    3,6,6-Trimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (R)-(-)-fluoromevalonolactone 104759-33-3 C6H9FO3
    (R)-(-)-fluoromevalonolactone
    —— (+)-(3S,5R)-5-ethyl-3,5-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 959395-35-8 C8H14O2
    (+)-(3S,5R)-5-ethyl-3,5-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 6-decyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 7370-38-9 C15H28O2
    6-decyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— 1,4-dimethyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-7-one 77979-31-8 C9H14O2
    1,4-dimethyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-7-one
    —— 6-Methyl-2-oxo-4-propyl-tetrahydropyran 3720-21-6 C9H16O2
    6-Methyl-2-oxo-4-propyl-tetrahydropyran
    —— isodihydromahubynolide B 71325-96-7 C21H34O3
    isodihydromahubynolide B
    —— isodihydromahubynolide A 71339-54-3 C21H34O3
    isodihydromahubynolide A
    —— (+)-(3R,4R,5S)-3-hexadecyl-4-O-acetyl-5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone 78278-26-9 C23H42O4
    (+)-(3R,4R,5S)-3-hexadecyl-4-O-acetyl-5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (-)-(3R,4R,5S)-3-hexadecyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone 78278-24-7 C21H40O3
    (-)-(3R,4R,5S)-3-hexadecyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (+)-(3S,4R,5S)-3-hexadecyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbutanolide 796122-60-6 C21H40O3
    (+)-(3S,4R,5S)-3-hexadecyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbutanolide
    —— Dihydromahubanolide A 71359-05-2 C21H38O3
    Dihydromahubanolide A
    —— (+)-(5S,6S)-tetrahydro-5-methyl-6-<(phenylselenenyl)methyl>-2H-pyran-2-one 127785-43-7 C13H16O2Se
    (+)-(5S,6S)-tetrahydro-5-methyl-6-<(phenylselenenyl)methyl>-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— α-2-(ethoxythiocarbonylthio)-γ-valerolactone 1152303-75-7 C8H12O3S2
    α-2-(ethoxythiocarbonylthio)-γ-valerolactone
    —— (4R,6S)-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyltetrahydro-2-pyrone 124662-60-8 C6H10O4
    (4R,6S)-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyltetrahydro-2-pyrone
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-triethylsilyloxy-4-[(1E,3R)-3-hydroxy-3-methyloct-1-en-1-yl]hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 1036855-80-7 C22H40O4Si
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-triethylsilyloxy-4-[(1E,3R)-3-hydroxy-3-methyloct-1-en-1-yl]hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-4-(1-hydroxyoct-2-ynyl)-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 1239683-08-9 C21H36O4Si
    (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-4-(1-hydroxyoct-2-ynyl)-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 3-cyano-4,5,5-trimethyltetrahydrofuranone 1333225-74-3 C8H11NO2
    3-cyano-4,5,5-trimethyltetrahydrofuranone
    —— 3,3-Dichloro-4-(1-chloroethyl)-tetrahydro-furan-2-one 131807-22-2 C6H7Cl3O2
    3,3-Dichloro-4-(1-chloroethyl)-tetrahydro-furan-2-one