内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 5-Ethyl-3-hexyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 66094-77-7 | C12H22O2 |
| —— | 15-Phenyl-1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxa-cycloheptadecane-14,17-dione | 67030-16-4 | C18H24O7 |
| —— | 4-Isopropyl-5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 64566-22-9 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | 5-Ethyl-3-propyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 54491-07-5 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | (1R,5R,6R)-6-tert-Butoxy-5-methyl-8-methylene-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one | 80502-17-6 | C13H20O3 |
| —— | (1R,6S,9R)-6-Methyl-3,11-dioxo-6-[2-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-ethyl]-10-oxa-tricyclo[7.2.1.0<sup>2,7</sup>]dodecane-5-carboxylic acid | 67567-12-8 | C19H26O6 |
| —— | (S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (1S,3S,6S,7R,8S,8aR)-6-acetoxy-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester | 85614-11-5 | C32H54O7Si |
| —— | (3S,6aS,8aS,9R,12aR,12bS)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-3,9,12a-trimethyldodecahydro-4H,6H-3,6a-methanonaphtho[2,1-c]oxocin-4-one | 89470-23-5 | C20H32O3 |
| —— | 1-phenyl-7-oxatricyclo<4.3.1.0<sup>3,9</sup>>decan-8-one | 134834-48-3 | C15H16O2 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-6-[(R)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-but-2-ynyl]-4-methoxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 380909-66-0 | C16H28O4Si |
| —— | 1,6-diethyl-7,8-diphenyl-tricyclo(4.2.1.0<sup>2,5</sup>)nonan-9-one-2,8:5,7-dicarbolactone | 61202-91-3 | C27H24O5 |
| —— | 1142923-67-8 | C11H15IO3 | |
| —— | (4R<sup>*</sup>,5S<sup>*</sup>,6S<sup>*</sup>)-4-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-6-phenyl-1-oxacyclohexan-2-one | 136031-62-4 | C16H22O3 |
| —— | 3b,6a-dichloro-tetrahydro-pyrrolo[3',4':3,4]cyclobuta[1,2-<i>c</i>]furan-1,4,6-trione | 2972-17-0 | C8H5Cl2NO4 |
| —— | 616225-58-2 | C19H27NO8 | |
| —— | 4,5-Dihydroxy-1,3,3,4',4'-pentamethylbicyclo<4.2.1>nonane-7-spiro-2'-(tetrahydrofuran)-5'-one | 130520-18-2 | C17H28O4 |
| —— | Lacton cis-cis-6-Methyl-2-dihydroxymethyl-cyclohexan-carbonsaeure-(1) | 16041-44-4 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | 1041189-74-5 | C8H12O4 | |
| —— | (R)-6-(2-Furan-3-yl-ethyl)-6-methyl-3,11-dioxo-10-oxa-tricyclo[7.2.1.0<sup>2,7</sup>]dodecane-5-carboxylic acid | 66756-61-4 | C19H22O6 |
| —— | (1R,2R,6R,8S)-8-methoxy-4,4-dimethyl-3,5,10-trioxatricyclo[6.2.1.02,6]undecan-9-one | 110880-97-2 | C11H16O5 |
| —— | 3-C-isopropyl-2,3-dideoxy-D-erythro-pentono-1,4-lactone | 156847-97-1 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | (S)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-6,6-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1435446-94-8 | C13H15BrO2 |
| —— | (4aR,8aR,12aS,17aS)-Tetradecahydro-1,5,9,13-tetraoxa-dibenzo[a,g]cyclotridecene-6,14-dione | 125878-21-9 | C17H26O6 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-[2-((1aS,3S,4S,4aS,5S,7R,8aR)-5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-octahydro-1-oxa-cyclopropa[d]naphthalen-4-yl)-ethyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 118682-48-7 | C25H44O5Si |
| —— | 5-ethyl-3-(2-hydroxy-butyl)-3-pentyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 65668-76-0 | C15H28O3 |
| —— | 1598406-07-5 | C13H16O4S | |
| —— | (1R,4S,5S,6S)-6-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-5-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one | 305384-21-8 | C12H22O4Si |
| —— | 1186421-22-6 | C16H23NO2 | |
| —— | Dihydrostreptosonsaeure-lacton | 20399-11-5 | C6H10O5 |
| —— | 1-Hydroxymethyl-5-carboxy-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-on | 7605-60-9 | C7H8O5 |
| —— | (R)-(-)-7-Octanolide | 126372-27-8 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | (3R,3aS,11aR)-3-Dimethylaminomethyl-6,10-dimethyl-decahydro-cyclodeca[b]furan-2-one | 68481-13-0 | C17H31NO2 |
| —— | 6-tert-butoxy-8-(tert-butyldimethyl-silanyloxy)-9-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one | 952717-74-7 | C20H38O5Si |
| —— | (1S,5R,6R)-6-Benzyloxy-8-piperidin-1-yl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one | 136713-60-5 | C19H25NO3 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-5-[(1S)-2-hydroxy-1-iodoethyl]oxolan-2-one | 244612-54-2 | C9H13IO5 |
| —— | epi-prelactone E | 1008781-45-0 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | 1-But-3-enyl-5-methyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one | 85585-45-1 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | Jhanilacton | 67191-89-3 | C13H20O3 |
| —— | 1263205-85-1 | C24H27Br2F3O5 | |
| —— | Acetamide, 2,2,2-trifluoro-N-(tetrahydro-5-oxo-3-furanyl)-, (S)- | 118399-31-8 | C6H6F3NO3 |
| —— | (3S,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one | 87758-68-7 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | 96305-05-4 | C13H24O7 | |
| —— | 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-hydroxymethyl-4-butanolide | 134251-80-2 | C7H6F6O3 |
| —— | (S)-5-((R)-1-bromo-2-methylallyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1449005-71-3 | C8H11BrO2 |
| —— | (4R,5S)-5-ethenyl-4-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 118207-39-9 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | 7-anti-hydroxy-5-endo-phenylnorborn-2-en-6-exo-ylacetic acid δ-lactone | 86960-87-4 | C15H14O2 |
| —— | (3aR,5R,5aR,8aR,8bR)-2,2-Dimethyl-7-oxo-octahydro-furo[2',3':3,4]benzo[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 127306-26-7 | C13H18O6 |
| —— | (4S,5R)-4-vinyl-5-[(R)-1-hydroxypropyl]-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 1215080-15-1 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | 1196997-54-2 | C17H32O3 | |
| —— | 3,3-Dimethyl-1-oxo-hexahydro-isobenzofuran-3a-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 83248-51-5 | C12H18O4 |
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