内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 3-Ethyl-3-methoxymethoxy-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione | 69687-40-7 | C13H20O5 |
| —— | trans-(+/-)-β-Benzyl-δ-methylvalerolactone | 74591-87-0 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | 2-hydroxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)pentan-4-olide | 126953-87-5 | C6H7F3O3 |
| —— | ethyl (2R,3S)-(+)-cis-5-oxo-2-(3-pyridyl)-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate | 1084874-96-3 | C12H13NO4 |
| —— | 2,6-Dioxaspiro[4.5]decane-3,10-dione | 1309750-50-2 | C8H10O4 |
| —— | 3-(3-((S)-chloro((R)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)furan-2-yl)propyl acetate | 1449291-91-1 | C14H17ClO5 |
| —— | 2,7-dideoxy-D-gluco-heptono-1,4-lactone | 116386-14-2 | C7H12O5 |
| —— | exo-4'-(1-Methylethyl)spiro<bicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-2,3'-oxetan-2'-one> | 135638-71-0 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | 2,6-Bis-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-D-galactono-1,4-lacton | 78283-81-5 | C18H38O6Si2 |
| —— | (R,R)-3-((1S)-3-phenylpropan-1-ol)-4-hexyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2-one | 1430413-33-4 | C20H30O3 |
| —— | (3R,5R,7R)-7-(t-butyldiphenylsiloxy)-3,5-dihydroxyoctanoic acid δ-lactone | 129987-25-3 | C24H32O4Si |
| —— | (E)-3-(3'-tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)propylideneoxolan-2-one | 172472-93-4 | C13H24O3Si |
| —— | 2-((3S,4S)-4-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetonitrile | 1260148-49-9 | C7H9NO2 |
| —— | 3-furfuryl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 854465-44-4 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | 3-oxa-1-hydroxy-7-methoxy-cis-decalin-8-carboxylic acid lactone | 102977-38-8 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | (6R,7S,8R)-6-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-8-ethyl-3,7-dimethyl-1-oxacyclooctan-2,4-dione | 950479-37-5 | C17H32O4Si |
| —— | methyl trans-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-2-phenyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate | 101960-14-9 | C14H16O4 |
| —— | dimethyl 2-methyl-5-oxooxolane-2,4-dicarboxylate | 115740-68-6 | C9H12O6 |
| —— | (3aS,4R,5S,6S,8aR)-5-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-2-one | 401912-02-5 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | 58705-40-1 | C10H14O2 | |
| —— | 1187531-11-8 | C23H35NO7Si | |
| —— | cis-3-Hydroxymethylcyclopentanessigsaeurelacton | 55606-13-8 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | (3aS,6aR)-6-hydroxy-1,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-3-one | 86900-33-6 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | 3-(5-Brom-2-furyl)-4-(4-methyloxazolidin-2-yliden)-isoxazol-5-on | 40579-74-6 | C11H9BrN2O4 |
| —— | cis-2-hydroxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-γ-butyrolactone | 120742-29-2 | C6H8O5 |
| —— | 4-Oxapentacyclo[6.6.1.01,10.02,6.02,10]pentadecan-5-one | 1416057-12-9 | C14H18O2 |
| —— | ethyl exo-6-(trans-1-propenyl)-3-oxa-2-oxo-bicyclo<3.1.0>hexane-1-carboxylate | 79011-81-7 | C11H14O4 |
| —— | (1R,3aR,4R,7aS)-1-Methyl-3,5-dioxo-octahydro-isobenzofuran-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 158512-74-4 | C11H14O5 |
| —— | 5-<(ethylthio)methyl>-3-(methoxycarbonyl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 139022-62-1 | C9H14O4S |
| —— | [(3S,4S,6S)-6-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl]-acetic acid methyl ester | 127231-95-2 | C26H34O5Si |
| —— | α-Propyl-γ-butyrolacton-γ-carbonsaeure-ethylester | 1135-02-0 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S)-methyl-6-formyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)]-ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 125206-32-8 | C25H36O6 |
| —— | (5R)-5-(furan-3-yl(hydroxy)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1449291-81-9 | C9H10O4 |
| —— | (+)-(4R,5R)-4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino-5-(2-hydroxy)ethyl-dihydrofuran-2-one | 939823-63-9 | C11H19NO5 |
| —— | cis-1.2.3.4.4a.5.6.7.8.8a-Decahydro-4-acetoxy-8-methyl-naphthoesaeure-δ-lacton-(1.5) | 67820-45-5 | C14H20O4 |
| —— | (3R,5R,7R)-3,5,7-trihydroxyoctanoic acid δ-lactone | 129987-26-4 | C8H14O4 |
| —— | (S)-5-((1E,3E)-Dodeca-1,3-dienyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 894773-63-8 | C18H30O3 |
| —— | [(2S,3S)-2-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl]-acetic acid methyl ester | 127231-83-8 | C24H30O5Si |
| —— | 1402922-04-6 | C12H16O2 | |
| —— | (3aα,4α,7α,7aα,8syn)-4,5,6,7,8-pentamethyl-4,7-methano-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione | 20434-17-7 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | (2S,3R)-2-(1-Chloro-cyclohexyl)-4-methylene-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 60427-72-7 | C13H17ClO4 |
| —— | (S)-5-((S)-1-Methyl-pentyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 87433-97-4 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | 79559-16-3 | C8H14O3 | |
| —— | 6β-acetoxy-9-hydroxy-14,15,16-trinor-8β<i>H</i>-labdane-13,19-dioic acid-13-lactone | 111326-97-7 | C19H28O6 |
| —— | (-)-(4aS,7R,7aS)-7-<(methoxymethoxy)methyl>-4,4a,7,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta<c>pyran-3(1H)-one | 131694-92-3 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | 6,6-dichloro-3,5-diphenyl-2,5-dihydrooxepin-7-one | 124558-54-9 | C18H14Cl2O2 |
| —— | 1566606-54-9 | C6H7N3O3 | |
| —— | (R)-5-[(R)-3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-hex-5-enyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 159955-46-1 | C16H30O3Si |
| —— | 1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1<i>H</i>,7<i>H</i>-furo[3,4-<i>b</i>]pyridine-4,5-dione | 68185-68-2 | C8H9NO3 |
| —— | 3β-methoxy-17a-homo-17-oxa-5α-androstan-16-one | 130517-39-4 | C20H32O3 |
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