内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl]-5,5-dimethyl-4,7-dioxatetracyclo[7.3.1.0(2,6).0(6,13)]tridecan-3-one | 1315247-23-4 | C20H34O4Si |
|
| —— | (4R,6R)-3-Acetyl-4-ethyl-6-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4λ<sup>4</sup>-[1,4]oxathiin-2-one | 71254-58-5 | C9H14O3S |
|
| —— | 4-(3-methylphenyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one | 1126906-70-4 | C12H14O2 |
|
| —— | (±)-4-(t-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-4-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 1404301-92-3 | C13H24O3Si |
|
| —— | 3-dimethylaminomethylene-5-methyltetronic acid | 79099-15-3 | C8H11NO3 |
|
| —— | 3-[2-Ethyl-hex-(Z)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 6285-30-9 | C12H20O2 |
|
| —— | tert-butyl ((2R,3R,E)-3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-1-(2-oxodihydrofuran-3(2H)-ylidene)butan-2-yl)carbamate | 1416253-53-6 | C19H35NO5Si |
|
| —— | (E)-3-(4-oxo-4-cyclopropylbutylidene)ihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 643754-18-1 | C11H14O3 |
|
| —— | Vermeerin | 16983-23-6 | C15H20O4 |
|
| —— | (3S,4R)-3-Allyl-4-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 75584-29-1 | C8H12O3 |
|
| —— | 6-azido-2,3,6-trideoxy-D-erythro-hexono-1,4-lactone | 200728-42-3 | C6H9N3O3 |
|
| —— | 6-azido-5-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2,3,6-trideoxy-D-erythro-hexono-1,4-lactone | 261722-05-8 | C12H23N3O3Si |
|
| —— | (3R,4R)-3-methyldecan-4-olide | 147254-32-8 | C11H20O2 |
|
| —— | (+/-)-3-Chloro-4,4-dimethyl-3-methyloxetan-2-one | 193746-39-3 | C6H9ClO2 |
|
| —— | 4-methylnonanolide | 127997-57-3 | C10H18O2 |
|
| —— | 8-deoxylactucin | 65725-10-2 | C15H16O4 |
|
| —— | 3-Hydroxyoxepan-2-one | 80816-54-2 | C6H10O3 |
|
| —— | 3-methyloctanolide | 127974-00-9 | C9H16O2 |
|
| —— | 5-(1-bromo-2-methyl-1-propenyl)-tetrahydro-2-furanone | 81036-70-6 | C8H11BrO2 |
|
| —— | (R)-4-Isopropyl-5-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-carbonitrile | 897041-72-4 | C10H15NO2 |
|
| —— | (4S,4aS,7R,7aR)-7-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-[2-[(2R,3S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2-(methoxymethoxy)-3-(2-methoxypropan-2-yl)oxan-4-yl]-1,3-dithian-2-yl]-4,4a,7,7a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one | 897043-92-4 | C30H52O8S2Si |
|
| —— | (4S,5S)-3-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydro-2-furanone | 486990-21-0 | C9H16O3 |
|
| —— | (3S,4S,5R)-4-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2R)-1,1,1-trifluorobutan-2-yl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1532540-68-3 | C15H27F3O4Si |
|
| —— | [(1'R,2'S,3'R,6'R,7'S)-2'-methyl-5'-oxospiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,10'-4-oxatricyclo[5.3.0.02,6]decane]-3'-yl]methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate | 162238-46-2 | C18H26O6 |
|
| —— | [(1'R,2'S,3'R,6'R,7'S)-2'-methyl-5'-oxospiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,8'-4-oxatricyclo[5.3.0.02,6]decane]-3'-yl]methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate | 162238-45-1 | C18H26O6 |
|
| —— | 4α-carboxy-13α,17-dihydroxy-13,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 13,16-lactone | 1168152-29-1 | C20H30O5 |
|
| —— | 3-methyl-3-(3-oxo-butyl)-furan-2,4-dione | 1236161-64-0 | C9H12O4 |
|
| —— | 4-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 134359-17-4 | C8H12O2 |
|
| —— | 1-(3-Bromophenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2,4-dione | 1125407-00-2 | C12H9BrO3 |
|
| —— | (5R)-5-butyl-5-[(1S)-2-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxyethyl]oxolan-2-one | 250379-00-1 | C32H50O4Si2 |
|
| —— | (R)-5-[(R)-bromo(phenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one | 1379786-11-4 | C11H11BrO2 |
|
| —— | 5-ethoxycarbonyl-5-(n-undecyl)-δ-valerolactone | 553668-27-2 | C19H34O4 |
|
| —— | 9-decen-5-olide | 74585-00-5 | C10H16O2 |
|
| —— | (3S,4R)-3-methoxymethyloxy-4-methyl-4-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone | 202846-65-9 | C9H14O4 |
|
| —— | (3S,4S)-3-Hydroxy-4-methyl-4-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 202846-68-2 | C7H10O3 |
|
| —— | (3S,4S)-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methoxymethyloxy-4-methyl-γ-butyrolactone | 202846-64-8 | C9H16O5 |
|
| —— | 6-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2,3-dideoxy-5-mesyloxy-L-threo-hexono-1,4-lactone | 244275-88-5 | C13H26O6SSi |
|
| —— | 5-azido-6-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2,3-dideoxy-D-erythro-hexono-1,4-lactone | 244275-89-6 | C12H23N3O3Si |
|
| —— | 6-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2,3-dideoxy-L-threo-hexono-1,4-lactone | 244275-87-4 | C12H24O4Si |
|
| —— | (+/-)-3,6,6-trimethyl-(4a<i>r</i>,8a<i>c</i>)-hexahydro-3<i>t</i>,5<i>t</i>-ethano-pyrano[3,4-<i>c</i>]pyran-1,8-dione | 5988-79-4 | C13H18O4 |
|
| —— | Citryliden-malonsaeure | 5988-79-4 | C13H18O4 |
|
| —— | 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-5-tridecyl- | 110071-72-2 | C17H32O2 |
|
| —— | (1S,4S,5S)-spiro[bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-5,3'-oxolane]-2'-one | 1063984-38-2 | C10H12O2 |
|
| —— | 5-ethyl-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2,3-dione | 16431-44-0 | C7H10O3 |
|
| —— | (4-acetyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)methyl dimethyl phosphate | 1309477-55-1 | C9H15O7P |
|
| —— | 4-fluoromethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 813452-00-5 | C5H7FO2 |
|
| —— | 7-methyl-2-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-1-one | 389578-65-8 | C8H13NO2 |
|
| —— | (rac)-3-[(cyclopentylamino)methyl]dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 1062243-60-0 | C10H17NO2 |
|
| —— | 3-((Z)-3-Ethoxy-allyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 323181-60-8 | C9H14O3 |
|
| —— | 4-[2-cyclohexylethyl]-4-hydroxy-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 249766-76-5 | C12H20O3 |
|
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