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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (4R,5R)-5-methyl-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C11H12O2
    (4R,5R)-5-methyl-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 6-methoxy-3-methyl-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-4H-furo[3,4-c]pyrazol-4-one —— C7H10N2O3
    6-methoxy-3-methyl-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-4H-furo[3,4-c]pyrazol-4-one
    —— (+/-)-(3aR,5aR,8aS,8bS)-1,8,8a,8b-tetrahydrobenzofuro[5,4-b]furan-2,7(3aH,5aH)-dione —— C10H10O4
    (+/-)-(3aR,5aR,8aS,8bS)-1,8,8a,8b-tetrahydrobenzofuro[5,4-b]furan-2,7(3aH,5aH)-dione
    —— 2-chloro-2-methyl-3-(2-oxapropoxy)-γ-butyrolacton —— C7H11ClO4
    2-chloro-2-methyl-3-(2-oxapropoxy)-γ-butyrolacton
    —— (6,6-dimethyl-9-oxo)-3,5-dithia-8-oxabicyclo[5, 2, 1]decane —— C9H14O2S2
    (6,6-dimethyl-9-oxo)-3,5-dithia-8-oxabicyclo[5, 2, 1]decane
    —— cis-4-(1-mercapto-1-methylethyl)-2-mercaptomethyl-4-butanolide —— C8H14O2S2
    cis-4-(1-mercapto-1-methylethyl)-2-mercaptomethyl-4-butanolide
    —— 3-(5-bromopentyl)furan-2,4(3H,5H)-dione —— C9H13BrO3
    3-(5-bromopentyl)furan-2,4(3H,5H)-dione
    —— (4S)-4-amino-tetrahydrofuran-2-one —— C4H7NO2
    (4S)-4-amino-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 3-methylene-5-tridecyltetrahydrofuran-2-one —— C18H32O2
    3-methylene-5-tridecyltetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (5-oxo-2-phenethyloxy-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-carbamic acid allyl ester —— C16H19NO5
    (5-oxo-2-phenethyloxy-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-carbamic acid allyl ester
    —— rubrenolide —— C17H30O4
    rubrenolide
    —— rubrenolide —— C17H30O4
    rubrenolide
    —— (+/-)-anti-2-allyl-2-[1'-(1'-hydroxyethyl)]-γ-butyrolactone —— C9H14O3
    (+/-)-anti-2-allyl-2-[1'-(1'-hydroxyethyl)]-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 2-<1-(N-sec-butylamino)ethylidene>butyrolactone —— C10H17NO2
    2-<1-(N-sec-butylamino)ethylidene>butyrolactone
    —— (+/-)-anti-2-propyl-2-[1'-(1'-hydroxyethyl)]-γ-butyrolactone —— C9H16O3
    (+/-)-anti-2-propyl-2-[1'-(1'-hydroxyethyl)]-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 2-<1-(N-propylamino)ethylidene>butyrolactone —— C9H15NO2
    2-<1-(N-propylamino)ethylidene>butyrolactone
    —— (+/-)-syn-2-propyl-2-[1'-(1'-hydroxyethyl)]-γ-butyrolactone —— C9H16O3
    (+/-)-syn-2-propyl-2-[1'-(1'-hydroxyethyl)]-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 2-<1-(N-isopropylamino)-2,2-diethoxyethylidene>butyrolactone —— C13H23NO4
    2-<1-(N-isopropylamino)-2,2-diethoxyethylidene>butyrolactone
    —— 4',5'-dihydro-3'H-[2,3']bifuranyl-2'-one —— C8H8O3
    4',5'-dihydro-3'H-[2,3']bifuranyl-2'-one
    —— 3-bromo-4',5'-dihydro-3'H-[2,3']bifuranyl-2'-one —— C8H7BrO3
    3-bromo-4',5'-dihydro-3'H-[2,3']bifuranyl-2'-one
    —— (3S,1'R)-dihydro-3-(1'-aminoethyl)-2(3H)-furanone —— C6H11NO2
    (3S,1'R)-dihydro-3-(1'-aminoethyl)-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (S)-3-acetyl-3-chlorodihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C6H7ClO3
    (S)-3-acetyl-3-chlorodihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3R)-dihydro-3-((R)-1-aminoethyl)-2(3H)-furanone —— C6H11NO2
    (3R)-dihydro-3-((R)-1-aminoethyl)-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 2-<1-(N-isopropylamino)ethylidene>butyrolactone —— C9H15NO2
    2-<1-(N-isopropylamino)ethylidene>butyrolactone
    —— 2-fluoro-2-(fluoroacetyl) butyrolactone —— C6H6F2O3
    2-fluoro-2-(fluoroacetyl) butyrolactone
    —— α-acetyl-α-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone —— C12H12O3
    α-acetyl-α-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 3-acetyl-3-fluorodihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C6H7FO3
    3-acetyl-3-fluorodihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-acetyl-3-(3-oxocyclopentyl)dihydrofuran-2-one —— C11H14O4
    3-acetyl-3-(3-oxocyclopentyl)dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 2-(1-aminoethylidene)butyrolactone —— C6H9NO2
    2-(1-aminoethylidene)butyrolactone
    —— 3-((Z)-1-allylamino-ethylidene)-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C9H13NO2
    3-((Z)-1-allylamino-ethylidene)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3-acetyl-3-(prop-2-ynyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C9H10O3
    3-acetyl-3-(prop-2-ynyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— methyl (S)-1-((S)-3-acetyl-tetrahydro-2-oxofuran-3-yl)-3-phenylpropylcarbamate —— C17H21NO5
    methyl (S)-1-((S)-3-acetyl-tetrahydro-2-oxofuran-3-yl)-3-phenylpropylcarbamate
    —— 3-acetyl-3-(2-nitro-1-phenylethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C14H15NO5
    3-acetyl-3-(2-nitro-1-phenylethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— methyl 1-methylene-6-oxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4,4]nonane-3-carboxylate —— C10H12O5
    methyl 1-methylene-6-oxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4,4]nonane-3-carboxylate
    —— (±)-3-acetyl-3-(pent-4-yn-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C11H14O3
    (±)-3-acetyl-3-(pent-4-yn-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 2-acetyl-2-(pent-5-en-1-yl)-γ-butyrolactone —— C11H16O3
    2-acetyl-2-(pent-5-en-1-yl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 3-(3-acetyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-1-benzylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione —— C17H17NO5
    3-(3-acetyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-1-benzylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione
    —— 3-[1-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]ethylidenyl]-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one —— C9H16O3Si
    3-[1-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]ethylidenyl]-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (Z)-1-(1-(2-oxodihydrofuran-3(2H)-ylidene)ethyl)urea —— C7H10N2O3
    (Z)-1-(1-(2-oxodihydrofuran-3(2H)-ylidene)ethyl)urea
    —— (E)-2-(2-γ-butyrolactonylidene)-5-vinyltetrahydrofuran —— C10H12O3
    (E)-2-(2-γ-butyrolactonylidene)-5-vinyltetrahydrofuran
    —— 3-[1-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylidene]tetrahydrofuran-2-one —— C8H13NO3
    3-[1-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylidene]tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (R)-2-(5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetaldehyde —— C6H8O3
    (R)-2-(5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetaldehyde
    —— 3,7,7-trimethyl-6-oxo-1,4-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-1,4,4a,6,7,7a-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]pyrazine —— C11H12F6N2O6S2
    3,7,7-trimethyl-6-oxo-1,4-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-1,4,4a,6,7,7a-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]pyrazine
    —— 4-(2-pentyl)butyrolactone —— C9H16O2
    4-(2-pentyl)butyrolactone
    —— (E)-2-(5-ethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-ylidene)tetrahydrofuran —— C10H14O3
    (E)-2-(5-ethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-ylidene)tetrahydrofuran
    —— dimethyl 7,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-4a,6,7,7a-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-b]pyrazine-1,4-dicarboxylate —— C12H16N2O6
    dimethyl 7,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-4a,6,7,7a-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-b]pyrazine-1,4-dicarboxylate
    —— dimethyl 7',7'-dimethyl-6'-oxospiro[cyclohexane-1,4'-(4a,6,7,7a-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-b]pyrazine)]-1',4'-dicarboxylate —— C15H20N2O6
    dimethyl 7',7'-dimethyl-6'-oxospiro[cyclohexane-1,4'-(4a,6,7,7a-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-b]pyrazine)]-1',4'-dicarboxylate
    —— 9,10,12,13-tetramethyl-14-oxatrispiro<2.1.2.0.5.2>pentadeca-9,12-diene-4,11,15-trione —— C18H20O4
    9,10,12,13-tetramethyl-14-oxatrispiro<2.1.2.0.5.2>pentadeca-9,12-diene-4,11,15-trione
    —— 3-(4-(dibutylamino)but-2-ynyl)-5-(propoxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C20H35NO3
    3-(4-(dibutylamino)but-2-ynyl)-5-(propoxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3S*,4S*)-3-allyl-4-vinyldihydrofuran-2-one —— C9H12O2
    (3S*,4S*)-3-allyl-4-vinyldihydrofuran-2-one