内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (6S,8R)-6-azido-8-propyloxocan-2-one | 945772-97-4 | C10H17N3O2 |
| —— | Dihydroelephantol | 10207-68-8 | C15H18O6 |
| —— | Dihydroelephantol | 10207-68-8 | C15H18O6 |
| —— | 3-(1-amino-3-methylbutylidene)-4-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1262045-22-6 | C15H19NO2 |
| —— | (1R,4S,5S,6R)-6-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-5-methyl-4-pivaloyloxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one | 1431160-86-9 | C19H34O5Si |
| —— | 3-(1-hydroxyethylidene)furan-2,4(3H,5H)-dione | 66056-64-2 | C6H6O4 |
| —— | ((1S,5R,8R)-1,5-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-acetaldehyde | 113375-17-0 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | (1S,3S,7S,8S)-3-hydroxy-8-(2-((2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl)-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate | 1383434-63-6 | C23H32O6 |
| —— | γ,γ-Dichlor-butyrolacton | 89033-93-2 | C4H4Cl2O2 |
| —— | 3-[1-Isopropylamino-eth-(E)-ylidene]-4,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 30408-50-5 | C11H19NO2 |
| —— | (S)-6-(1R,2R)-2-((hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one | 1035930-91-6 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | 1192205-75-6 | C18H34O3 | |
| —— | (3R,4S,5R)-5-Ethyl-3,4-dihydroxy-3-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 153616-38-7 | C12H14O4 |
| —— | 6,10-Dimethyl-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]dec-6-en-2-one | 138118-51-1 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | 21559-98-8 | C18H24O6 | |
| —— | briarellin J | 1254561-82-4 | C22H32O5 |
| —— | 23758-09-0 | C15H16O6 | |
| —— | (2R,6R)-8-Dichloromethyl-8-methyl-4-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>]undecane-3,5-dione | 24463-48-7 | C12H14Cl2O3 |
| —— | 2-Hydroxy-3,7,10a,10c-tetramethyl-decahydro-5-oxa-acephenanthrylene-4,6,9-trione | 23042-58-2 | C19H26O5 |
| —— | 11-(4-bromophenyl)-12-oxadispiro[3.1.4.3]tridecane-5,13-dione | 1057478-55-3 | C18H19BrO3 |
| —— | cis-7a-(2-Hexynyl)hexahydro-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone | 130082-82-5 | C14H20O2 |
| —— | δ-Lacton d. 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-carboxy-adipinsaeure | 107099-98-9 | C8H10O6 |
| —— | (3aS,7aS)-7a-(2-Bromo-allyl)-3,3a,7,7a-tetrahydro-isobenzofuran-1,4-dione | 130506-11-5 | C11H11BrO3 |
| —— | (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2,4-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methoxyheptan-5-olide | 1128080-11-4 | C10H18O4 |
| —— | Hexahydrovernolepin | 21871-13-6 | C15H22O5 |
| —— | Sodium; (S)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-olate | 100032-51-7 | C6H9O3*Na |
| —— | (1R,4S,7S)-7-vinyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one | 669000-35-5 | C8H10O2 |
| —— | (2R,3S,4E,6E)-8-[(2S,3R,6S,8R,9S)-2-ethynyl-3,9-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-8-yl]-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-1-[(4S)-4-propan-2-yl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]octa-4,6-dien-1-one | 677752-60-2 | C29H43NO5S |
| —— | 1258319-22-0 | C20H31NO3 | |
| —— | (3S,6S,8aS)-7-(1,3-Dihydroxy-butyl)-3,6-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,8a-hexahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one | 23263-98-1 | C15H24O4 |
| —— | γ-(n-Hexadecylthio)-β-butyrolacton | 34289-54-8 | C20H38O2S |
| —— | (3S,3aS,5aS,6R,7R,8R,9aS,9bS)-3,8-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-6-(1,3-dithian-2-ylmethyl)-3a,6-dimethylspiro[1,2,3,4,5,5a,8,9,9a,9b-decahydrocyclopenta[a]naphthalene-7,5'-oxolane]-2'-one | 957524-92-4 | C35H64O4S2Si2 |
| —— | ((1R,2R,3R,7R,8S)-2-Iodo-5-oxo-4-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.03,8]dec-7-yl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester | 83362-14-5 | C12H16INO4 |
| —— | [(1R,2R,4aS,8aS)-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-1-[(2E)-2-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)ethyl]-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-2-yl] acetate | 189239-45-0 | C22H34O4 |
| —— | (R)-6-((1S,2S)-2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one | 1035931-14-6 | C25H32O3Si |
| —— | ent-2β-hydroxy-1α-iodo-20-norgibberell-9,16-diene-7,19-dioic acid, 7-(methyl ester)19,2-lactone | 194288-29-4 | C20H23IO4 |
| —— | 34246-44-1 | C21H32O5 | |
| —— | (4aR,7R,10aS)-4a-Hydroxymethyl-7,10a-dimethyl-3-oxo-dodecahydro-benzo[f]chromene-7-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 14021-12-6 | C18H28O5 |
| —— | (1R,5R,8S)-9-Methylene-3-oxa-tricyclo[6.2.1.0<sup>1,5</sup>]undecane-2,6-dione | 130506-17-1 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | (3aS,6aS,8S,10aR)-7,7,8-Trimethyl-octahydro-2-oxa-cyclopenta[d]naphthalene-1,10-dione | 78808-92-1 | C15H22O3 |
| —— | 32726-70-8 | C14H16O4 | |
| —— | 42933-28-8 | C24H30O7 | |
| —— | 54358-73-5 | C14H12Cl4O5 | |
| —— | 3,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 34619-40-4 | C6H8Cl2O2 |
| —— | (3R,4R,5S)-2-Oxo-5-tridecyl-tetrahydro-furan-3,4-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester | 51202-18-7 | C21H36O6 |
| —— | 8-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-5-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-3-one | 615280-42-7 | C15H28O3Si |
| —— | (3aS,7aR)-7a-(2-Bromo-allyl)-4-methoxy-3a,7a-dihydro-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one | 130506-14-8 | C12H13BrO3 |
| —— | 4-Eth-(Z)-ylidene-3-isopropylidene-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 37817-51-9 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 4-(4-bromophenyl)tetrahydro-2-pyranone | 5666-77-3 | C11H11BrO2 |
| —— | 2-(2-ethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetic acid | 854705-57-0 | C8H12O4 |
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