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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— methyl (5S)-5-methyl-2,4-dioxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C7H8O5
    methyl (5S)-5-methyl-2,4-dioxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-(2-methylpropoxy)oxolane-2,3-dione —— C10H16O6
    (5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-(2-methylpropoxy)oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 5-Amino-5-propan-2-yl-3-prop-2-enyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C10H15NO3
    5-Amino-5-propan-2-yl-3-prop-2-enyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,6S,9R,10S)-4,6,10-trimethyl-12-oxatricyclo[7.4.1.01,5]tetradec-4-en-11-one —— C16H24O2
    (1R,6S,9R,10S)-4,6,10-trimethyl-12-oxatricyclo[7.4.1.01,5]tetradec-4-en-11-one
    —— 6-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one —— C11H11FO3
    6-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— gamma-Icosadienyl-gamma-butyrolactone —— C24H42O2
    gamma-Icosadienyl-gamma-butyrolactone
    —— (4R,6R)-6-[2-(2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one —— C19H28O3
    (4R,6R)-6-[2-(2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— N,N-bis(cyanomethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C14H17N3O3
    N,N-bis(cyanomethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-(tert-butyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C14H23NO3
    N-(tert-butyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[3-[[(1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C23H34N2O6
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[3-[[(1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (4R,5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylidene-4-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C25H31BrO2
    (4R,5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylidene-4-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxyoxetane-2,3-dione —— C3H2O4
    4-Hydroxyoxetane-2,3-dione
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-(2-methylpropoxy)oxolane-2,3-dione —— C10H16O6
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-(2-methylpropoxy)oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 5-[2-(5-Tert-butyl-3-methylidene-4-prop-2-enoxyoxolan-2-yl)oxypropan-2-yl]-3-methylidene-4-prop-2-enoxyoxolan-2-one —— C23H34O6
    5-[2-(5-Tert-butyl-3-methylidene-4-prop-2-enoxyoxolan-2-yl)oxypropan-2-yl]-3-methylidene-4-prop-2-enoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 10-(Ethylidenephosphanylmethylphosphanyl)-9-oxatricyclo[5.3.0.01,3]deca-4,6-dien-8-one —— C12H14O2P2
    10-(Ethylidenephosphanylmethylphosphanyl)-9-oxatricyclo[5.3.0.01,3]deca-4,6-dien-8-one
    —— (5-Oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-6-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C32H48O8
    (5-Oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-6-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— (3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxepan-2-one —— C6H10O6
    (3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxepan-2-one
    —— (4R,5S,6R)-5-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-one —— C6H9FO5
    (4R,5S,6R)-5-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— 4-Methyl-7-oxatetracyclo[4.4.0.02,4.03,9]decan-8-one —— C10H12O2
    4-Methyl-7-oxatetracyclo[4.4.0.02,4.03,9]decan-8-one
    —— Ethane;3-oxabicyclo[4.2.2]decan-4-one —— C11H20O2
    Ethane;3-oxabicyclo[4.2.2]decan-4-one
    —— (4S,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-4-ethyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C21H31BrO2
    (4S,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-4-ethyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— 3-[(3R,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-2-ylidene]propanal —— C10H14O3
    3-[(3R,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-2-ylidene]propanal
    —— 4,11-Dimethyl-9-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undecan-8-one —— C12H18O2
    4,11-Dimethyl-9-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undecan-8-one
    —— 6,8-dimethyl-5-(oxiran-2-yl)-3,8-dihydro-2H-oxonin-9-one —— C12H16O3
    6,8-dimethyl-5-(oxiran-2-yl)-3,8-dihydro-2H-oxonin-9-one
    —— 5,5-Dimethyloxolan-2-one;propane —— C9H18O2
    5,5-Dimethyloxolan-2-one;propane
    —— 3-Ethyl-5-(2-methoxyethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C9H16O3
    3-Ethyl-5-(2-methoxyethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C19H27BrO2
    (5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— Ethane;4-(3-methyl-2-oxobut-3-enyl)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one —— C14H22O3
    Ethane;4-(3-methyl-2-oxobut-3-enyl)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-(methylamino)oxolane-2,3-dione —— C5H7NO4
    4-Hydroxy-5-(methylamino)oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— N-cyclohexyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C16H25NO3
    N-cyclohexyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— N-isopentyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C15H25NO3
    N-isopentyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— 2-oxo-N-pentyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C15H25NO3
    2-oxo-N-pentyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (3S,4S)-3-buta-1,3-dienyl-3-methyl-4-pentyloxetan-2-one —— C13H20O2
    (3S,4S)-3-buta-1,3-dienyl-3-methyl-4-pentyloxetan-2-one
    —— Ethyl 3-methylsulfanyl-2-(methylsulfanylmethyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C10H14O5S2
    Ethyl 3-methylsulfanyl-2-(methylsulfanylmethyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— [(1R,4R,9R,10R,12R,13S)-13-hydroxy-1-methoxy-2,12-dimethyl-8-methylidene-5-oxo-6,15-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.04,9]pentadec-2-en-10-yl] 2-methylpropanoate —— C21H30O7
    [(1R,4R,9R,10R,12R,13S)-13-hydroxy-1-methoxy-2,12-dimethyl-8-methylidene-5-oxo-6,15-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.04,9]pentadec-2-en-10-yl] 2-methylpropanoate
    —— 3,3,4,4-Tetrafluoro-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C4H2F4O3
    3,3,4,4-Tetrafluoro-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(E,3R)-3-phosphanyloxyhex-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one;tritium monohydride —— C13H26BO4P3
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(E,3R)-3-phosphanyloxyhex-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one;tritium monohydride
    —— 3,3a,4,5,6,6a-Hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one;ethane —— C9H16O2
    3,3a,4,5,6,6a-Hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one;ethane
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-(3-hydroxy-5-phenylpent-1-enyl)-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C18H25BO4P2
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-(3-hydroxy-5-phenylpent-1-enyl)-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (1,8-Dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylpropanoate;ethane —— C19H32O4
    (1,8-Dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylpropanoate;ethane
    —— (3R,4R,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpent-2-enyl)-3-methoxyoxolan-2-one —— C12H20O5
    (3R,4R,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpent-2-enyl)-3-methoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— [1-(3,8,8-Trimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl)ethylideneamino]urea —— C13H19N3O5
    [1-(3,8,8-Trimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl)ethylideneamino]urea
    —— [7-[(2R,3R)-3-hexyl-4-oxooxetan-2-yl]-2-methylheptan-2-yl] carbamate —— C18H33NO4
    [7-[(2R,3R)-3-hexyl-4-oxooxetan-2-yl]-2-methylheptan-2-yl] carbamate
    —— [1-[5-(3-Methylbutoxymethyl)-2-oxo-3-oxolanyl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O3S
    [1-[5-(3-Methylbutoxymethyl)-2-oxo-3-oxolanyl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 3-[2-Methyl-6-[5-methyl-5-(oxetan-3-yl)hexyl]sulfanylhexan-2-yl]oxetan-2-one —— C20H36O3S
    3-[2-Methyl-6-[5-methyl-5-(oxetan-3-yl)hexyl]sulfanylhexan-2-yl]oxetan-2-one
    —— (4-Butyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)methyl carbamimidothioate —— C10H18N2O2S
    (4-Butyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)methyl carbamimidothioate
    —— (5R)-4-(3-aminopropoxy)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-2,3-dione —— C9H15NO6
    (5R)-4-(3-aminopropoxy)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 3,4-Dimethyloxolan-2-one;ethane —— C8H16O2
    3,4-Dimethyloxolan-2-one;ethane
    —— N-methoxy-N-methyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide —— C7H11NO4
    N-methoxy-N-methyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— 6-cyclopentyl-6-[2-(3-ethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]oxane-2,4-dione —— C25H32N2O4
    6-cyclopentyl-6-[2-(3-ethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]oxane-2,4-dione