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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-prop-2-enyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C13H19NO3
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-prop-2-enyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (3R,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C7H10O4
    (3R,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (3S)-3-methyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C5H6O3
    (3S)-3-methyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— ethyl (2S,3S)-3-methylsulfonyl-2-(methylsulfonylmethyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C10H14O9S2
    ethyl (2S,3S)-3-methylsulfonyl-2-(methylsulfonylmethyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (2R,3S)-3-methylsulfonyl-2-(methylsulfonylmethyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C10H14O9S2
    ethyl (2R,3S)-3-methylsulfonyl-2-(methylsulfonylmethyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— diethyl-[4-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]but-2-ynyl]azanium —— C17H30NO2+
    diethyl-[4-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]but-2-ynyl]azanium
    —— (3S,5R)-3-[4-(diethylamino)but-2-ynyl]-5-pentyloxolan-2-one —— C17H29NO2
    (3S,5R)-3-[4-(diethylamino)but-2-ynyl]-5-pentyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-[4-(diethylamino)but-2-ynyl]-5-pentyloxolan-2-one —— C17H29NO2
    (3R,5S)-3-[4-(diethylamino)but-2-ynyl]-5-pentyloxolan-2-one
    —— diethyl-[4-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]but-2-ynyl]azanium —— C17H30NO2+
    diethyl-[4-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]but-2-ynyl]azanium
    —— [[(Z)-1-[(3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]prop-1-en-2-yl]amino]urea —— C10H17N3O3
    [[(Z)-1-[(3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]prop-1-en-2-yl]amino]urea
    —— [[(E)-1-[(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]prop-1-en-2-yl]amino]urea —— C10H17N3O3
    [[(E)-1-[(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]prop-1-en-2-yl]amino]urea
    —— 3-[hydroxy-[(3R)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]phosphoryl]propanoate —— C7H10O6P-
    3-[hydroxy-[(3R)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]phosphoryl]propanoate
    —— 3-[hydroxy-[(3R)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]phosphoryl]propanoic acid —— C7H11O6P
    3-[hydroxy-[(3R)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]phosphoryl]propanoic acid
    —— 3-[hydroxy-[(3S)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]phosphoryl]propanoate —— C7H10O6P-
    3-[hydroxy-[(3S)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]phosphoryl]propanoate
    —— 3-[hydroxy-[(3S)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]phosphoryl]propanoic acid —— C7H11O6P
    3-[hydroxy-[(3S)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]phosphoryl]propanoic acid
    —— (1R,5S,6R)-1-bromo-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylate —— C6H4BrO4-
    (1R,5S,6R)-1-bromo-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylate
    —— (1R,5S,6R)-1-bromo-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid —— C6H5BrO4
    (1R,5S,6R)-1-bromo-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid
    —— [(Z)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]prop-1-enyl]thiourea —— C13H22N2O2S
    [(Z)-2-[(2R,4S)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]prop-1-enyl]thiourea
    —— (1R,3R,4S,5S)-1,3,4-trihydroxy-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one —— C7H10O5
    (1R,3R,4S,5S)-1,3,4-trihydroxy-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— [(3R,3aR,4R,9aR,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] acetate —— C17H20O5
    [(3R,3aR,4R,9aR,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] acetate
    —— [(3R,3aS,4R,9aR,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] acetate —— C17H20O5
    [(3R,3aS,4R,9aR,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] acetate
    —— (3S,5S)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione —— C6H8O6
    (3S,5S)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— [(2R)-pent-4-yn-2-yl] (1S,2S,3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C15H20O4
    [(2R)-pent-4-yn-2-yl] (1S,2S,3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbohydrazide —— C10H16N2O3
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbohydrazide
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N,N-dipyridin-2-yl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C20H21N3O3
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N,N-dipyridin-2-yl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N,N-dipyridin-2-yl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C20H21N3O3
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N,N-dipyridin-2-yl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C18H23NO3
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbohydrazide —— C10H16N2O3
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbohydrazide
    —— (1S,4R)-N-[(2-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H19ClN2O3
    (1S,4R)-N-[(2-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C15H25N3O3
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C15H25N3O3
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,2R,3S,6R,7R,10S)-2-chloro-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decane-10-carboxylic acid —— C10H11ClO4
    (1S,2R,3S,6R,7R,10S)-2-chloro-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decane-10-carboxylic acid
    —— (8R)-9,9-dimethyl-8-phenyl-7-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-6,10-dione —— C17H20O3
    (8R)-9,9-dimethyl-8-phenyl-7-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-6,10-dione
    —— (13S)-13-(4-bromophenyl)-14-oxadispiro[4.1.57.35]pentadecane-6,15-dione —— C20H23BrO3
    (13S)-13-(4-bromophenyl)-14-oxadispiro[4.1.57.35]pentadecane-6,15-dione
    —— (14R)-14-(4-bromophenyl)-13-oxadispiro[4.1.47.35]tetradecane-6,12-dione —— C19H21BrO3
    (14R)-14-(4-bromophenyl)-13-oxadispiro[4.1.47.35]tetradecane-6,12-dione
    —— (13R)-13-(4-bromophenyl)-14-oxadispiro[4.1.57.35]pentadecane-6,15-dione —— C20H23BrO3
    (13R)-13-(4-bromophenyl)-14-oxadispiro[4.1.57.35]pentadecane-6,15-dione
    —— (15S)-15-(4-bromophenyl)-14-oxadispiro[4.1.57.35]pentadecane-6,13-dione —— C20H23BrO3
    (15S)-15-(4-bromophenyl)-14-oxadispiro[4.1.57.35]pentadecane-6,13-dione
    —— (14S)-14-(4-bromophenyl)-13-oxadispiro[4.1.47.35]tetradecane-6,12-dione —— C19H21BrO3
    (14S)-14-(4-bromophenyl)-13-oxadispiro[4.1.47.35]tetradecane-6,12-dione
    —— (8S)-9,9-dimethyl-8-phenyl-7-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-6,10-dione —— C17H20O3
    (8S)-9,9-dimethyl-8-phenyl-7-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-6,10-dione
    —— (15R)-15-(4-bromophenyl)-14-oxadispiro[4.1.57.35]pentadecane-6,13-dione —— C20H23BrO3
    (15R)-15-(4-bromophenyl)-14-oxadispiro[4.1.57.35]pentadecane-6,13-dione
    —— ethyl (3R,5S)-5-ethenyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C9H12O4
    ethyl (3R,5S)-5-ethenyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (3S,5R)-5-ethenyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C9H12O4
    ethyl (3S,5R)-5-ethenyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (1R,4S)-N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H20FNO3
    (1R,4S)-N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4S)-N-ethyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C12H19NO3
    (1R,4S)-N-ethyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (3R)-4,4-dimethyl-3-pyridin-2-yl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione —— C17H21NO3
    (3R)-4,4-dimethyl-3-pyridin-2-yl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione
    —— (3S)-4,4-dimethyl-3-pyridin-2-yl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione —— C17H21NO3
    (3S)-4,4-dimethyl-3-pyridin-2-yl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione
    —— [1-[(3R,5R,8S)-3,8-dimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C12H17N3O4S
    [1-[(3R,5R,8S)-3,8-dimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (3R)-3-[C-methyl-N-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)carbonimidoyl]oxolan-2-one —— C10H13N3O2
    (3R)-3-[C-methyl-N-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)carbonimidoyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-[C-methyl-N-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)carbonimidoyl]oxolan-2-one —— C10H13N3O2
    (3S)-3-[C-methyl-N-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)carbonimidoyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,4S)-1,4-dimethyl-2,5-dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-3,6-dione —— C8H10O4
    (1S,4S)-1,4-dimethyl-2,5-dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-3,6-dione