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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-Cyclohexyldihydro-2(3H)-furanon 40541-50-2 C10H16O2
    3-Cyclohexyldihydro-2(3H)-furanon
    —— γ-erucalactone 16317-09-2 C22H42O2
    γ-erucalactone
    —— (-)-(3R,4S,5R)-4-(1-tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)isopropyl-3-hydroxy-butyrolactone 884870-79-5 C14H28O4Si
    (-)-(3R,4S,5R)-4-(1-tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)isopropyl-3-hydroxy-butyrolactone
    —— (4R,5S)-4-ethyl-5-((S)-1-hydroxypropyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 460077-01-4 C9H16O3
    (4R,5S)-4-ethyl-5-((S)-1-hydroxypropyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (1R,2S,5S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5-hexadecyl-6-oxabicyclo[3,2,0]heptan-7-one 913320-14-6 C28H54O3Si
    (1R,2S,5S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5-hexadecyl-6-oxabicyclo[3,2,0]heptan-7-one
    —— (3R)-3-[[(4R,6S)-2,4-diphenyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazin-6-yl]oxy]-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one 263239-91-4 C22H23NO4
    (3R)-3-[[(4R,6S)-2,4-diphenyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazin-6-yl]oxy]-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3,3-d<sub>4</sub>-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 65364-43-4 C4H6O2
    3,3-d<sub>4</sub>-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 4-vinyl-2-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-3-one 113495-43-5 C11H16O2
    4-vinyl-2-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-3-one
    —— Methyl-3,5-dihydroxy-3,5-hexancarbonsaeure-δ-lacton 32116-02-2 C7H12O3
    Methyl-3,5-dihydroxy-3,5-hexancarbonsaeure-δ-lacton
    —— (3aS,8aS)-3-methylidene-4,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one 3724-98-9 C10H14O2
    (3aS,8aS)-3-methylidene-4,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3As,8ar)-3-methylene-octahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-2-one 3724-98-9 C10H14O2
    (3As,8ar)-3-methylene-octahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 3-deoxy-2-C-hydroxymethyl-D-erythro-pentono-1,4-lactone 20261-94-3 C6H10O5
    3-deoxy-2-C-hydroxymethyl-D-erythro-pentono-1,4-lactone
    —— hexahydro-3,6-methanobenzofuran-2(3H)-one 68069-59-0 C9H12O2
    hexahydro-3,6-methanobenzofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-(hydroxymethylidene)-4,6a-dihydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 78646-68-1 C8H8O3
    3-(hydroxymethylidene)-4,6a-dihydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 6-bromohexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 904891-50-5 C7H9BrO2
    6-bromohexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 6-iodo-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta<b>furan-2-one 78684-68-1 C7H9IO2
    6-iodo-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta<b>furan-2-one
    —— 10-(α-Hydroxy-α-ethylbenzyl)-9-carboxy-Δ<sup>4a(4b)</sup>-dodecahydro-phenanthren-lacton 13823-79-5 C24H30O2
    10-(α-Hydroxy-α-ethylbenzyl)-9-carboxy-Δ<sup>4a(4b)</sup>-dodecahydro-phenanthren-lacton
    —— 5-tert-butyl-3-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 123703-53-7 C12H22O4
    5-tert-butyl-3-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5-[2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)propyl]-tetrahydro-2-furanone 275356-58-6 C23H30O3Si
    5-[2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)propyl]-tetrahydro-2-furanone
    —— 3-vinyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one 1071459-96-5 C11H16O2
    3-vinyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one 1240507-80-5 C11H22O4Si
    (3R,5S)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-(2'-methacryloyloxyadamantan-2'-yl)butanolide 946617-05-6 C18H24O4
    4-(2'-methacryloyloxyadamantan-2'-yl)butanolide
    —— 4-(2'-methacryloyloxypropan-2'-yl)butanolide 798556-53-3 C11H16O4
    4-(2'-methacryloyloxypropan-2'-yl)butanolide
    —— 4-(1'-methacryloyloxycyclohexan-1'-yl)butanolide 946617-02-3 C14H20O4
    4-(1'-methacryloyloxycyclohexan-1'-yl)butanolide
    —— dihydro-3-((N,N-dimethylamino)methyl)-5-octyl-2(3H)-furanone 97191-27-0 C15H29NO2
    dihydro-3-((N,N-dimethylamino)methyl)-5-octyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (6R)-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 159454-48-5 C9H16O2
    (6R)-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (6E)-6-tetradecen-5-olide 1342307-16-7 C14H24O2
    (6E)-6-tetradecen-5-olide
    —— carolic acid 110657-84-6 C9H10O4
    carolic acid
    —— (R,S)-2-fluoro-δ-valerolactone 129917-76-6 C5H7FO2
    (R,S)-2-fluoro-δ-valerolactone
    —— 3-Methylidene-5-undecyloxolan-2-one 74513-04-5 C16H28O2
    3-Methylidene-5-undecyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-3-tetradecyl-5-methyltetrahydro-2-furanone 158632-55-4 C19H36O3
    (3S,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-3-tetradecyl-5-methyltetrahydro-2-furanone
    —— (2S)-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-4-butyrolactone 1204769-19-6 C10H10O3
    (2S)-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-4-butyrolactone
    —— (4S)-4-[[2,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-(6-methylheptanoyl)oxolan-2-one 207444-47-1 C21H40O4Si
    (4S)-4-[[2,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-(6-methylheptanoyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (4aR,5S,7R,8aS)-5-ethenyl-7-methyl-4,4a,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3H-pyrano[3,2-c]pyran-2-one 1025740-34-4 C11H16O3
    (4aR,5S,7R,8aS)-5-ethenyl-7-methyl-4,4a,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3H-pyrano[3,2-c]pyran-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-5-Azidomethyl-3-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one 173193-20-9 C5H7N3O3
    (3S,5S)-5-Azidomethyl-3-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (4aS,5S,7R,8aS)-7-methyl-5-(2-phenylethyl)-4,4a,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3H-pyrano[3,2-c]pyran-2-one 1025740-32-2 C17H22O3
    (4aS,5S,7R,8aS)-7-methyl-5-(2-phenylethyl)-4,4a,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3H-pyrano[3,2-c]pyran-2-one
    —— (4aR,7R,8aS)-7-methylspiro[3,4,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[3,2-c]pyran-5,1'-cyclopentane]-2-one 1025740-35-5 C13H20O3
    (4aR,7R,8aS)-7-methylspiro[3,4,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[3,2-c]pyran-5,1'-cyclopentane]-2-one
    —— (4aS,5S,7R,8aS)-5-ethyl-7-methyl-4,4a,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3H-pyrano[3,2-c]pyran-2-one 1025740-33-3 C11H18O3
    (4aS,5S,7R,8aS)-5-ethyl-7-methyl-4,4a,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3H-pyrano[3,2-c]pyran-2-one
    —— (1R,3Z,7S,11R)-3,4,11-trimethyl-8-oxabicyclo[5.2.2]undec-3-ene-9,10-dione 1283712-81-1 C13H18O3
    (1R,3Z,7S,11R)-3,4,11-trimethyl-8-oxabicyclo[5.2.2]undec-3-ene-9,10-dione
    —— (3S,4S)-3-methyl-4-((Z)-5-(trimethylsilyl)pent-2-en-4-yn-2-yl)-oxetan-2-one 1332721-85-3 C12H18O2Si
    (3S,4S)-3-methyl-4-((Z)-5-(trimethylsilyl)pent-2-en-4-yn-2-yl)-oxetan-2-one
    —— (S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (1S,3S,7S,8S,8aR)-3-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester 143842-95-9 C55H70O6Si2
    (S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (1S,3S,7S,8S,8aR)-3-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester
    —— isobutyrate d'(oxo-2 tetrahydrofurfuryl-5)-2 ethyle 99344-53-3 C10H16O4
    isobutyrate d'(oxo-2 tetrahydrofurfuryl-5)-2 ethyle
    —— 5-(2-Methyl-3-oxopentyl)oxolan-2-one 89754-40-5 C10H16O3
    5-(2-Methyl-3-oxopentyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-(2-Ethyl-3-oxohexyl)oxolan-2-one 89754-41-6 C12H20O3
    5-(2-Ethyl-3-oxohexyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-(2-Methyl-3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one 89754-39-2 C9H14O3
    5-(2-Methyl-3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-[(2-Oxocyclohexyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one 89754-43-8 C11H16O3
    5-[(2-Oxocyclohexyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-(2-oxo-cyclopentylmethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 6514-69-8 C10H14O3
    5-(2-oxo-cyclopentylmethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-amino-5-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl]oxan-2-one 1430811-63-4 C21H33NO2
    (5S)-5-amino-5-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl]oxan-2-one
    —— 6-(4-fluorophenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1260675-05-5 C11H11FO2
    6-(4-fluorophenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 4-methyl-4-vinylbutyrolactone 53627-39-7 C7H10O2
    4-methyl-4-vinylbutyrolactone