内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 3-Isobutyl-δ-valerolacton | 59726-48-6 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | (3R,5S,6S)-6-[(2S)-1,1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl]-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one | 132125-14-5 | C12H22O4 |
| —— | [5-(1-chloroethyl)-6-oxooxan-3-yl] acetate | 134692-36-7 | C9H13ClO4 |
| —— | 4,5-dihydro-3-(2-oxocyclopentan-1-yl)-2(3H)-furanone | 77606-18-9 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | 8-Methylene-2-oxa-spiro[4.5]dec-6-en-3-one | 67927-73-5 | C10H12O2 |
| —— | [4R,6R,6(1R)]-4-allyl-6-[1-methyl-2-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)ethyl]-4H-pyran-2-one | 237735-45-4 | C20H38O3Si |
| —— | 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-propynylnicotinsaeure-lacton | 50790-91-5 | C11H13NO2 |
| —— | (R)-3-Methylene-2-oxo-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 60427-67-0 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | (2R,5S,6R)-6-[2-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-2-((E)-2-iodo-1-methyl-vinyl)-5-methyl-[1,3]dioxan-4-one | 867033-53-2 | C26H33IO4Si |
| —— | (R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-4-ethynyl-2-trichloromethyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazole | 643031-76-9 | C13H20Cl3NO2Si |
| —— | 2b-Phenyl-hexahydro-1-oxa-cyclopropa[cd]pentalen-2-one | 57027-90-4 | C13H12O2 |
| —— | ((3S,4R)-4-Butyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 125982-22-1 | C14H25NO4 |
| —— | methyl 4-(4'-methylbenzenesulfenyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.2>oct-7-ene-5-endo-methyl-5-exo-carboxylate | 141553-94-8 | C17H18O4S |
| —— | (1R,3R,4aS,4bR,6R,8R,8aS,10S,10aS)-10-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-8-hydroxy-1,4a,6-trimethyltetradecahydrophenanthrene-1,3-carbolactone | 1220996-56-4 | C24H42O4Si |
| —— | (S)-5-Allyl-4-((2S,5S)-2,5-dimethyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methyl-5H-furan-2-one | 117968-57-7 | C14H21NO2 |
| —— | ethyl 4-(3-iodoprop-1-ynyl)-2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylate. | 1042163-23-4 | C11H13IO4 |
| —— | ethyl (2R,3S)-(+)-cis-5-oxo-2-phenyl-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate | 1084874-73-6 | C13H14O4 |
| —— | 2-oxo-N-prop-2-enyl-N-trimethylsilyloxolane-3-carboxamide | 67691-39-8 | C11H19NO3Si |
| —— | (R)-4-Methyl-5-oxo-2-pentyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 64027-97-0 | C12H20O4 |
| —— | (3R,3aS,6R,7S,7aS)-3-Dimethylaminomethyl-6-ethyl-7-isopropyl-6-methyl-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 68481-14-1 | C17H31NO2 |
| —— | 6a-Methoxymethyl-3-oxo-3b,4,6a,6b-tetrahydro-1H-2-oxa-cyclopropa[de]naphthalene-3a-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 65984-98-7 | C13H16O5 |
| —— | 8-Hydroxy-6-oxaspiro[3.4]octan-5-one | 2770554-74-8 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | 5-Methyl-3-[2-methyl-pent-(Z)-ylidene]-5-propyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 121726-65-6 | C15H26O2 |
| —— | 3-Methanesulfonyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid | 2703781-73-9 | C6H8O6S |
| —— | (1<i>S</i>)-7<i>endo</i>-acetoxy-10<i>exo</i>-hydroxy-5<i>endo</i>-((1<i>S</i>,2<i>S</i>)-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-propyl)-2<i>exo</i>,6<i>endo</i>,8<i>exo</i>,10<i>endo</i>,12<i>endo</i>,17<i>syn</i>-hexamethyl-15-phenyl-4,14,16-trioxa-15-bora-bicyclo[11.3.1]heptadecane-3,9-dione | 51021-70-6 | C31H47BO9 |
| —— | 3-chloro-3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-furan-2,4-dione | 58548-62-2 | C8H11ClO3 |
| —— | (Z)-(1R,2S,7R,8R,11S)-2,4,8-Trihydroxy-14-methoxymethyl-4,9-dimethyl-6,12-dioxa-tricyclo[9.3.0.0<sup>5,7</sup>]tetradec-9-en-13-one | 56377-60-7 | C16H24O7 |
| —— | (1S,4R,8R)-4,6-Dichloro-8-((E)-2-methoxy-vinyl)-1-methyl-2-oxa-5-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-3-one | 143721-96-4 | C10H11Cl2NO3 |
| —— | α-Benzyl-β,β-dimethyl-γ-hydroxy-γ-butyrolacton | 42203-18-9 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | 2-(chlorofluoromethyl)-2-methylpentanolide | 127974-30-5 | C7H10ClFO2 |
| —— | (R)-4-t-butyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1312756-44-7 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | 3-[(S)-3-(3-Methyl-but-2-enyl)-2-oxo-oxazolidin-4-yl]-propionic acid tert-butyl ester | 131305-00-5 | C15H25NO4 |
| —— | (1R,5R)-4,4-dibromo-1,8,8-trimethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 207617-50-3 | C10H14Br2O2 |
| —— | (1R,5S,7S,8R)-7-Azido-8-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-3-one | 220589-28-6 | C7H9N3O3 |
| —— | 5-<(phenyltelluro)methyl>dihydrofuran-2-one | 137543-00-1 | C11H12O2Te |
| —— | (1R,3S,6S,8S,9S)-8-hydroxy-8-methyl-2-methylidene-5-oxatricyclo[4.2.1.03,9]nonan-4-one | 1147107-09-2 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | 60451-45-8 | C12H14O4 | |
| —— | <4-<sup>13</sup>C>-Mevalonolacton | 58860-76-7 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | 62825-27-8 | C23H28O7 | |
| —— | [(2S,4S)-2-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl]-acetic acid methyl ester | 127231-92-9 | C25H32O5Si |
| —— | Phenyl-carbamic acid (3aS,9S,9aS,9bR)-6,9a-dimethyl-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-decahydro-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-9-yl ester | 60090-69-9 | C21H25NO4 |
| —— | (4R*,6S*)-6-cyclohexyl-4-methyltetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 96502-11-3 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | 3α-(hydroxymethyl)-1α,6α-dimethylcyclohexane-1β,2α-dicarboxylic acid γ-lactone | 77044-52-1 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | 3-Octyl-2-oxo-tetrahydropyran | 59726-52-2 | C13H24O2 |
| —— | (1R,3aS,4S,7aR)-1-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-1,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]pyran-6-one | 115275-14-4 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | 145398-01-2 | C11H18O2 | |
| —— | (5-Isopropoxymethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetic acid | 910577-39-8 | C10H16O5 |
| —— | 3-nitrotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1380419-57-7 | C5H7NO4 |
| —— | (R)-(+)-β-hexyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone | 1170664-51-3 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | (-)-(S)-4-(cyclohex-1-enyl)pentan-4-olide | 110969-02-3 | C11H16O2 |
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