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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— [(1R,2Z)-cyclododec-2-en-1-yl] (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C22H34O4
    [(1R,2Z)-cyclododec-2-en-1-yl] (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— [(1S,2Z)-cyclododec-2-en-1-yl] (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C22H34O4
    [(1S,2Z)-cyclododec-2-en-1-yl] (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— [(1R)-2-bromocycloundec-2-en-1-yl] (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C21H31BrO4
    [(1R)-2-bromocycloundec-2-en-1-yl] (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— [(1R)-2-bromocycloundec-2-en-1-yl] (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C21H31BrO4
    [(1R)-2-bromocycloundec-2-en-1-yl] (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— [(1R)-2-bromocycloundec-2-en-1-yl] (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C21H31BrO4
    [(1R)-2-bromocycloundec-2-en-1-yl] (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (3R)-3-bromooxolane-2,4-dione —— C4H3BrO3
    (3R)-3-bromooxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,4S)-1,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C9H14O2
    (1S,4S)-1,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (3S)-3-bromooxolane-2,4-dione —— C4H3BrO3
    (3S)-3-bromooxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,5S)-1,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one —— C10H16O2
    (1R,5S)-1,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one
    —— [(1S,3S,4aS,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate —— C24H38O5
    [(1S,3S,4aS,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— (1S,5R)-1,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one —— C10H16O2
    (1S,5R)-1,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one
    —— (1S,4R,7R,8R)-3-oxo-2,11-dioxatricyclo[5.4.0.04,8]undeca-5,9-diene-10-carboxamide —— C10H9NO4
    (1S,4R,7R,8R)-3-oxo-2,11-dioxatricyclo[5.4.0.04,8]undeca-5,9-diene-10-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R,7R,8S)-3-oxo-2,11-dioxatricyclo[5.4.0.04,8]undeca-5,9-diene-10-carboxamide —— C10H9NO4
    (1S,4R,7R,8S)-3-oxo-2,11-dioxatricyclo[5.4.0.04,8]undeca-5,9-diene-10-carboxamide
    —— (1R,2R,3S,6S,7R,10R)-2-chloro-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decane-10-carboxylic acid —— C10H11ClO4
    (1R,2R,3S,6S,7R,10R)-2-chloro-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decane-10-carboxylic acid
    —— (1R,2R,3S,6S,7R,10S)-2-chloro-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decane-10-carboxylic acid —— C10H11ClO4
    (1R,2R,3S,6S,7R,10S)-2-chloro-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decane-10-carboxylic acid
    —— methyl (3S)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboperoxoate —— C6H8O5
    methyl (3S)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboperoxoate
    —— methyl (3R)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboperoxoate —— C6H8O5
    methyl (3R)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboperoxoate
    —— (1S,5S)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione —— C7H8O3
    (1S,5S)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C10H15NO3
    (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 2-[(2R,4R)-2-[(3S,4E,6E)-3,5-dimethyl-2-oxoocta-4,6-dienyl]-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetamide —— C17H25NO4
    2-[(2R,4R)-2-[(3S,4E,6E)-3,5-dimethyl-2-oxoocta-4,6-dienyl]-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetamide
    —— (1R,5R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C11H9FO2
    (1R,5R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (1S,5S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C11H9FO2
    (1S,5S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (1R,5R)-5-pyridin-2-yl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C10H9NO2
    (1R,5R)-5-pyridin-2-yl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (1S,5S)-5-pyridin-2-yl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C10H9NO2
    (1S,5S)-5-pyridin-2-yl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (1S,5S)-1-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C11H10O2
    (1S,5S)-1-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (1R,5R)-1-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C11H10O2
    (1R,5R)-1-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (1R,5R)-3-Oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione —— C5H4O3
    (1R,5R)-3-Oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,5R)-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione —— C7H8O3
    (1R,5R)-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione
    —— (2R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde —— C6H8O6
    (2R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde
    —— (1S,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione —— C7H8O3
    (1S,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,5S)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione —— C5H4O3
    (1S,5S)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione
    —— (3R,6R)-3-acetyl-6-methyloxane-2,4-dione —— C8H10O4
    (3R,6R)-3-acetyl-6-methyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3S,6S)-3-acetyl-6-methyloxane-2,4-dione —— C8H10O4
    (3S,6S)-3-acetyl-6-methyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3S,6R)-3-acetyl-6-methyloxane-2,4-dione —— C8H10O4
    (3S,6R)-3-acetyl-6-methyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3R,6S)-3-acetyl-6-methyloxane-2,4-dione —— C8H10O4
    (3R,6S)-3-acetyl-6-methyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,4R,6R,10S)-4,13,13-trimethyl-9-methylidene-5,11-dioxatricyclo[8.3.0.04,6]tridecan-12-one —— C15H22O3
    (1S,4R,6R,10S)-4,13,13-trimethyl-9-methylidene-5,11-dioxatricyclo[8.3.0.04,6]tridecan-12-one
    —— (3E,5R)-3-[2-[(1S,4aS,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-5-ethoxyoxolan-2-one —— C22H34O3
    (3E,5R)-3-[2-[(1S,4aS,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-5-ethoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,4R,6S,10S)-4,13,13-trimethyl-9-methylidene-5,11-dioxatricyclo[8.3.0.04,6]tridecan-12-one —— C15H22O3
    (1S,4R,6S,10S)-4,13,13-trimethyl-9-methylidene-5,11-dioxatricyclo[8.3.0.04,6]tridecan-12-one
    —— (1S,4S,6S,10S)-4,13,13-trimethyl-9-methylidene-5,11-dioxatricyclo[8.3.0.04,6]tridecan-12-one —— C15H22O3
    (1S,4S,6S,10S)-4,13,13-trimethyl-9-methylidene-5,11-dioxatricyclo[8.3.0.04,6]tridecan-12-one
    —— Dihydroangolensic lactone —— C26H32O6
    Dihydroangolensic lactone
    —— (5R)-8-methyl-4-methylidene-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-2-one —— C11H14O2
    (5R)-8-methyl-4-methylidene-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-2-one
    —— (5S)-8-methyl-4-methylidene-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-2-one —— C11H14O2
    (5S)-8-methyl-4-methylidene-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-2-one
    —— (1S,4R)-N-[(Z)-(2-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H19ClN2O3
    (1S,4R)-N-[(Z)-(2-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (Z)-[4-decylidene-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxo-2,3-dihydrofur-2-yl]methyl cyclohexanecarboxylate —— C23H38O5
    (Z)-[4-decylidene-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxo-2,3-dihydrofur-2-yl]methyl cyclohexanecarboxylate
    —— TGC-6 Teclea grandiflora —— C28H36O6
    TGC-6 Teclea grandiflora
    —— [(2Z,3R)-2-(nitromethylidene)piperidin-3-yl] (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C16H22N2O6
    [(2Z,3R)-2-(nitromethylidene)piperidin-3-yl] (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (3E)-3-[10-[(Z)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methoxy]decoxymethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C20H30O6
    (3E)-3-[10-[(Z)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methoxy]decoxymethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 2(3H)-Furanone, 3-[2-[decahydro-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylene-1-naphthalenyl]ethylidene]dihydro-4-hydroxy- —— C20H30O5
    2(3H)-Furanone, 3-[2-[decahydro-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylene-1-naphthalenyl]ethylidene]dihydro-4-hydroxy-
    —— (3S,6R)-6-methyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-one —— C6H8O3
    (3S,6R)-6-methyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-one
    —— [(9Z)-17-hydroxy-6-methylidene-5-oxo-4,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.03,7]heptadec-9-en-8-yl] 2-methylpropanoate —— C19H24O7
    [(9Z)-17-hydroxy-6-methylidene-5-oxo-4,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.03,7]heptadec-9-en-8-yl] 2-methylpropanoate