内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 4-ethyl-8-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione | 219661-20-8 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | Acetic acid (S)-2-acetoxy-1-((R)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-ethyl ester | 136345-73-8 | C10H14O6 |
| —— | 5-(4-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)butyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1396570-68-5 | C24H32O3Si |
| —— | (4aS,7S,7aS)-hexahydro-7-isopropyl-4a-methylcyclopenta<b>pyran-2(3H)-one | 132072-22-1 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | (3S,4R)-4-methyl-3-[(E,2R)-5-methylhex-3-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one | 115115-38-3 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | ent-10β,13,15α-trihydroxy-20-norgibberella-1,16-diene-7,19-dioic acid 19,10-lactone | 105593-23-5 | C19H26O6 |
| —— | 6-endo-hydroxy-3-exo-nitro-5-exo-methoxymethyloxy-7-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>heptane-2-endo-carboxylic acid γ-lactone | 75467-05-9 | C9H11NO7 |
| —— | (3a<i>R</i>,9a<i>S</i>)-5b-methyl-3,8-dioxo-(3a<i>r</i>,5a<i>t</i>,5b<i>c</i>,8a<i>c</i>)-octahydro-pentaleno[1,2-<i>c</i>;3a,4-<i>c'</i>]difuran-1<i>t</i>-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 29259-63-0 | C15H18O6 |
| —— | 2-acetyl-3-(2',2'-dichlorovinyl)-4-ethyl-γ-valerolactone | 70973-47-6 | C11H14Cl2O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-4-Hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-hept-5ξ-ensaeure-lacton | 90611-77-1 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | (4R,4aR,7aR)-4,7a-Dimethyl-7-methylene-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3-one | 104084-96-0 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | sarcocrassocolide A | 1224926-67-3 | C22H30O6 |
| —— | hexahydro-7a-hydroxy-3,3a,6-trimethyl-2(3H)-benzofuranone | 96965-83-2 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | (4arH)-1-Oxo-3,3,5,5,8at-pentamethyl-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1H-2-benzopyran | 92370-86-0 | C14H24O2 |
| —— | trans,trans-(5S)-5-<9'-(2'',3''-dihydroxycyclohexyl)-3'-nonenyl>-3-methylenetetrahydro-2-furanone | 114489-16-6 | C20H32O4 |
| —— | 15α-hydroxygibberellin A<sub>20</sub> 7,15-lactone | 139113-43-2 | C19H22O5 |
| —— | D-Glucuronolacton-hexanoylhydrazon | 100977-47-7 | C22H40N2O6 |
| —— | opt.inakt. 2-Methyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-4-ethoxy-4-hydroxy-buttersaeurelacton | 86266-61-7 | C10H16O5 |
| —— | (3R,4R)-3-<(tert-Butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-4-(iodomethyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 159685-37-7 | C11H21IO3Si |
| —— | 3-(3-cyclopentyl-2-methyl-2-(triethylsilylperoxy)propyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1321200-02-5 | C20H38O4Si |
| —— | (1R,4R,5R)-1,4-dihydroxy-3-(2-phenylethyl)cyclohex-2-en-1,5-carbolactone | 1259025-90-5 | C15H16O4 |
| —— | 105044-64-2 | C32H52O4 | |
| —— | α-Formyl-γ-carbethoxy-butyrolacton | 108487-86-1 | C8H10O5 |
| —— | (5R)-5-formyl-5-tetradecanolide | 130251-61-5 | C15H26O3 |
| —— | 4-(2-oxo-propyl)-octahydro-cyclohepta[<i>b</i>]furan-2-one | 59456-41-6 | C12H18O3 |
| —— | Brom-methoxy-α-tetrahydroplumericin | 97500-20-4 | C16H21BrO7 |
| —— | 1,9-Bis-(2-oxo-oxetan-3-yl)-3,7-dithia-nonane | 412934-56-6 | C13H20O4S2 |
| —— | (R)-β,β-dimethyl-δ-(2-furyl)-δ-valerolactone | 1429482-71-2 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | 2-((3S,3aS,6R,7R,7aS)-6-Ethyl-3,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-2,3,3a,6,7,7a-hexahydro-benzofuran-7-yl)-acrylic acid methyl ester | 220305-63-5 | C16H22O4 |
| —— | 5-carbethoxyhexahydrophthalide | 96259-70-0 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | 3-Chloro-4-(γ-N-chloroacetyl-N-methylaminopropyl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-naphtho<1,2-b>pyran-2-one | 91098-23-6 | C19H21Cl2NO3 |
| —— | 6-methyl-3,4,4a,5-tetrahydroisochromen-1-one | 1259057-14-1 | C10H12O2 |
| —— | 1-iodomethyl-4-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one | 147905-87-1 | C9H13IO2 |
| —— | 2-allylglutaric anhydride | 415916-55-1 | C8H10O3 |
| —— | (4S,5R)-5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-4-methylsulfanylmethoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 549505-10-4 | C13H26O4SSi |
| —— | (3S,4S,6R)-3-allyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1209462-48-5 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | picrodendrin G | 135463-00-2 | C21H28O10 |
| —— | α-Methoxymethyl-γ-chlor-δ-hydroxy-γ-valerolacton | 18451-83-7 | C7H11ClO4 |
| —— | (S)-9-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-8-oxa-1,4-dithia-spiro[4.5]decan-7-one | 96501-89-2 | C24H30O3S2Si |
| —— | 6,6-bis-methylsulfanyl-6-deoxy-L-galactonic acid-4-lactone | 118759-71-0 | C8H14O5S2 |
| —— | 5-[1-Phenyl-meth-(E)-ylidene]-3-(3-phenyl-prop-2-ynyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 77670-55-4 | C20H16O2 |
| —— | Pyrethroidinin | 96627-14-4 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | 5-acetyl-3-phenylsulfanyl-3-prop-2-enyloxan-2-one | 89665-23-6 | C16H18O3S |
| —— | Acetic acid (3R,3aS,5aS,8S,9S,9aS,9bR)-3-isocyanato-3,5a,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-dodecahydro-naphtho[1,2-b]furan-8-yl ester | 74493-55-3 | C18H25NO5 |
| —— | (5R)-2-methylene-5-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-5-tetradecanolide | 130322-96-2 | C22H42O3Si |
| —— | (1α,2β,4β,5α,6α)-5-hydroxy-3,7-dioxatricyclo<4.2.1.0<sup>2,4</sup>>nonan-8-one | 83693-70-3 | C7H8O4 |
| —— | (3aα,4α,4aβ,5β,7aα,8α,9aα)-3a,4,4a,5,7a,8,9,9a-octahydro-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4a,8-dimethyl-4,5-bis<(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy>azuleno<6,5-b>furan-2(3H)-one | 82010-21-7 | C25H38O7 |
| —— | 4-geranyl-tetrahydro-2-furanone | 141406-26-0 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | (+)-(1S,2S,5R,6S,7S,10R)-8-ethylenedithio-6,10-dimethyl-5-pivaloyloxymethyl-4-oxatricyclo<5.3.0.0<sup>2,6</sup>>decan-3-one | 162086-77-3 | C19H28O4S2 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-5-((1S)-1-(N-Boc-amino)-3-methylbutyl)-3-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 105018-88-0 | C18H31NO4 |
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