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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— [(3S)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]-[(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl]phosphinic acid —— C9H14NO5P
    [(3S)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]-[(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl]phosphinic acid
    —— [(3R)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]-[(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl]phosphinic acid —— C9H14NO5P
    [(3R)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]-[(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl]phosphinic acid
    —— [1-[(3S,5S)-3,8,8-trimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C13H19N3O4S
    [1-[(3S,5S)-3,8,8-trimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (2R,4R)-N-benzyl-2,4-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide —— C20H29NO4
    (2R,4R)-N-benzyl-2,4-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2R,4S)-N-benzyl-2,4-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide —— C20H29NO4
    (2R,4S)-N-benzyl-2,4-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— 2-hydroxy-2,4-di-tert-butyl-γ-butyrolactone-4-carboxylic acid cis-benzamide —— C20H29NO4
    2-hydroxy-2,4-di-tert-butyl-γ-butyrolactone-4-carboxylic acid cis-benzamide
    —— [(R)-hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]-[(3R)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]phosphinic acid —— C11H13O5P
    [(R)-hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]-[(3R)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]phosphinic acid
    —— propan-2-yl (1S,2R,3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C13H20O4
    propan-2-yl (1S,2R,3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3R,3aR,3bR,11aS,11bS)-3-methyl-3-phenyl-3a,3b,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,11a,11b-dodecahydrophenanthro[9,10-c]furan-1-one —— C23H28O2
    (3R,3aR,3bR,11aS,11bS)-3-methyl-3-phenyl-3a,3b,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,11a,11b-dodecahydrophenanthro[9,10-c]furan-1-one
    —— (4S)-4-methyl-4-[(1R,3R,4S,5S,7S)-3,4,7-trimethyl-1-adamantyl]oxetan-2-one —— C17H26O2
    (4S)-4-methyl-4-[(1R,3R,4S,5S,7S)-3,4,7-trimethyl-1-adamantyl]oxetan-2-one
    —— (1S)-1-(5-iodofuran-2-yl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione —— C16H19IO4
    (1S)-1-(5-iodofuran-2-yl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione
    —— (1R)-1-(5-iodofuran-2-yl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione —— C16H19IO4
    (1R)-1-(5-iodofuran-2-yl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione
    —— (5R,6S)-5-ethyl-6-(2-iodophenyl)-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H17IO3
    (5R,6S)-5-ethyl-6-(2-iodophenyl)-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5S,6R)-5-ethyl-6-(2-iodophenyl)-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H17IO3
    (5S,6R)-5-ethyl-6-(2-iodophenyl)-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5S,6S)-5-ethyl-6-(2-iodophenyl)-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H17IO3
    (5S,6S)-5-ethyl-6-(2-iodophenyl)-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5R,6R)-5-ethyl-6-(2-iodophenyl)-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H17IO3
    (5R,6R)-5-ethyl-6-(2-iodophenyl)-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3S,6R)-3-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-3,5,5-trimethyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione —— C21H21BrO3
    (3S,6R)-3-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-3,5,5-trimethyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3S,6S)-3-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-3,5,5-trimethyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione —— C21H21BrO3
    (3S,6S)-3-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-3,5,5-trimethyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-[4-[(1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]piperazine-1-carbonyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C24H34N2O6
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-[4-[(1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]piperazine-1-carbonyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (3aR,6R,6aS)-N,N,3a,6a-tetramethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxamide —— C12H19NO3
    (3aR,6R,6aS)-N,N,3a,6a-tetramethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxamide
    —— methyl (3R,6R)-3-benzyl-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-6-phenyloxane-3-carboxylate —— C22H22O5
    methyl (3R,6R)-3-benzyl-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-6-phenyloxane-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (3S,6S)-3-benzyl-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-6-phenyloxane-3-carboxylate —— C22H22O5
    methyl (3S,6S)-3-benzyl-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-6-phenyloxane-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (3S,6R)-3-benzyl-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-6-phenyloxane-3-carboxylate —— C22H22O5
    methyl (3S,6R)-3-benzyl-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-6-phenyloxane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3R,3aR,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H18O3
    (3R,3aR,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— [(1S,3S,7S,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C25H38O5
    [(1S,3S,7S,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— (3S,3aR,4R,9aR,9bS)-4-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H18O4
    (3S,3aR,4R,9aR,9bS)-4-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— (3E,4S)-3-[2-[(1S,4aS,5S,6R,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C20H30O5
    (3E,4S)-3-[2-[(1S,4aS,5S,6R,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (8R)-8-(4-bromophenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-7-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-6,10-dione —— C17H19BrO3
    (8R)-8-(4-bromophenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-7-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-6,10-dione
    —— (8S)-8-(4-bromophenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-7-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-6,10-dione —— C17H19BrO3
    (8S)-8-(4-bromophenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-7-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-6,10-dione
    —— (6S)-6-[(Z)-1-bromo-2-phenylethenyl]-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C17H19BrO3
    (6S)-6-[(Z)-1-bromo-2-phenylethenyl]-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (6R)-6-[(Z)-1-bromo-2-phenylethenyl]-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C17H19BrO3
    (6R)-6-[(Z)-1-bromo-2-phenylethenyl]-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— ethyl (3R,6S)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate —— C17H19BrO5
    ethyl (3R,6S)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3S)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione —— C18H21BrO3
    (3S)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione
    —— (3R)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione —— C18H21BrO3
    (3R)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione
    —— ethyl (3S,6R)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate —— C17H19BrO5
    ethyl (3S,6R)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (3R,6R)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate —— C17H19BrO5
    ethyl (3R,6R)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (3S,6S)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate —— C17H19BrO5
    ethyl (3S,6S)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H26N2O4
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H26N2O4
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-N-tert-butyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C14H23NO3
    (1S,4R)-N-tert-butyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4S)-N-tert-butyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C14H23NO3
    (1R,4S)-N-tert-butyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-N,4,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C11H17NO3
    (1S,4R)-N,4,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S)-1-(5-bromofuran-2-yl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione —— C16H19BrO4
    (1S)-1-(5-bromofuran-2-yl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione
    —— (1R)-1-(5-bromofuran-2-yl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione —— C16H19BrO4
    (1R)-1-(5-bromofuran-2-yl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione
    —— (3S,6S)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C14H15FO3
    (3S,6S)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3S,6R)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C14H15FO3
    (3S,6R)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— methyl (3R,6R)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate —— C16H17BrO5
    methyl (3R,6R)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (3S,6S)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate —— C16H17BrO5
    methyl (3S,6S)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (3S,6R)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate —— C16H17BrO5
    methyl (3S,6R)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (3R,6S)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate —— C16H17BrO5
    methyl (3R,6S)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxooxane-3-carboxylate