内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 1384477-55-7 | C12H16O4 | |
| —— | (3E)-3-[(6E)-6-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)hexylidene]oxolan-2-one | 53185-71-0 | C14H18O4 |
| —— | (1R,4R,5S,6R)-6-Iodo-4-vinyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 249503-49-9 | C7H7IO2 |
| —— | 2,7,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-7<i>H</i>-furo[3,4-<i>b</i>]pyran-4,5-dione | 57257-49-5 | C10H12O4 |
| —— | 5-methyl-[1,5]oxazecan-10-one | 71533-41-0 | C9H17NO2 |
| —— | 2β-bromo-3α-hydroxybicyclo<3.3.0>octane-4α,6α-carbolactone | 127268-76-2 | C9H11BrO3 |
| —— | (1R,3R,6S,9R)-4-Hydroxymethyl-3,6-dimethyl-10,12-dioxa-tricyclo[7.2.1.0<sup>1,6</sup>]dodec-4-en-11-one | 200572-01-6 | C13H18O4 |
| —— | 6-amino-1,6-dideoxy-D-arabino-hexono-1,4-lactone hydrochloride | 114949-91-6 | C6H11NO4*ClH |
| —— | 3,3-dimethyl-2,2-bis(methyl-d3)-1,5-dioxaspiro[3.4]octan-6-one | 82102-54-3 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | 6'-hydroxy-3'-methyl-4',5',6',7',8a',9',12',12a'-octahydro-1'H,3'H-spiro[[1,3]dioxolane-2,8'-[9,12]methanobenzo[c]oxecin]-1'-one | 97424-45-8 | C17H24O5 |
| —— | (3R,3aR,6aR)-3-Methyl-6a-(3-oxo-butyl)-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1,6-dione | 98006-02-1 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | 3-Furancarboxylic acid, tetrahydro-4-methylene-5-oxo-2-(1-propenyl)-,ethyl ester, cis- | 106118-70-1 | C11H14O4 |
| —— | (3S,4R,5S)-5-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-4-methyl-3-phenylselanyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 193814-41-4 | C28H32O3SeSi |
| —— | 7-Isohexyl-1-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-2-one | 135974-88-8 | C15H26O2 |
| —— | 3-methylene-4-((trimethylsilyl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1607455-25-3 | C9H16O2Si |
| —— | (-)-endo-(1R,6R,9S)-9-acetoxy-7-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>non-4-en-8-one | 202530-23-2 | C10H12O4 |
| —— | (4R,5S,6S)-4-Hydroxy-5-iodo-4-methyl-6-propyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 104426-35-9 | C9H15IO3 |
| —— | 7ξ,9-dihydroxy-6-oxo-14,15,16-trinor-8β<i>H</i>-labdane-13,19-dioic acid-13=>9-lactone | 107519-26-6 | C17H24O6 |
| —— | paralemnolide A | 1421231-09-5 | C15H22O5 |
| —— | 7-methylene-5-oxadispiro<2.0.4.4>dodecan-6-one | 80541-38-4 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | 5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-3-((E)-pent-1-enyl)-5H-furan-2-one | 433304-21-3 | C17H30O4Si |
| —— | (3R,4R,5R)-3-Allyl-4-hydroxy-5-trimethylsilanyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 156757-26-5 | C10H18O3Si |
| —— | 2-Deoxy-2-fluoro-L-threono-1,4-lactone | 153220-77-0 | C4H5FO3 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-cis-4-(triisopropylsilyloxy)-6-iodomethyltetrahydropyran-2-one | 121772-50-7 | C15H29IO3Si |
| —— | (4R,6S)-6-Pentyl-4-triisopropylsilanyloxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 125011-09-8 | C19H38O3Si |
| —— | 90839-51-3 | C6H10O3 | |
| —— | (3S,4S)-mevalonic-4-d acid lactone | 100759-05-5 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | 2-oxa-6-syn-methoxymethyl-7-anti-acetoxy-cis-bicyclo[3,3,0]octan-3-one | 26054-64-8 | C11H16O5 |
| —— | (3R,4R)-trans-3-methyl-4-cyclohexyloxetan-2-one | 1246737-02-9 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 5-(3-Chloro-tetrahydro-furan-2-yloxymethyl)-2-oxo-3-pentyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 57040-34-3 | C17H27ClO6 |
| —— | (1R,2S,4S,5S)-2-<(methoxycarbonyl)amino>-4-iodo-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octane | 124287-85-0 | C9H12INO4 |
| —— | 1-(3-Acetyl-5-hydroxymethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-ylmethyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one | 57753-90-9 | C12H17NO5 |
| —— | 3-[1,2-Dimethyl-prop-(E)-ylidene]-1-oxa-spiro[4.6]undecane-2,4-dione | 359845-34-4 | C15H22O3 |
| —— | 3-Methyl-but-2-enoic acid (1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester | 79902-48-0 | C30H48O5Si |
| —— | (3aS,6S,8aR)-6-Methyl-3,3a,4,5,6,8a-hexahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one | 99404-89-4 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 1-(3,5-Diacetyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-ylmethyl)-azepan-2-one | 57753-93-2 | C15H21NO5 |
| —— | (5R,6S)-5-Dimethylamino-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 361521-09-7 | C8H15NO2 |
| —— | (3R,4R)-3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-[(2S,3R,5R)-3-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-5-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-pentanethioic acid S-tert-butyl ester | 83005-71-4 | C23H44O5SSi |
| —— | (8S,16S)-8,16-Dimethyl-1,9-dioxa-cyclohexadecane-2,10-dione | 121053-55-2 | C16H28O4 |
| —— | 5-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)oxepan-2-one | 1467100-91-9 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | Pulegonmalonsaeure-ketodilacton | 93568-22-0 | C13H18O4 |
| —— | 2-Oxo-1-oxa-spiro[4.7]dodecane-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 61858-04-6 | C14H22O4 |
| —— | 3,5-Dimethyl-5-<1-methyl-allenyl>-3H-dihydro-furan-2-on | 3986-34-3 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 9-hydroxy-14,15,16-trinor-8ξ<i>H</i>,9ξ<i>H</i>-labdane-13,18-dioic acid-13-lactone | 107621-16-9 | C17H26O4 |
| —— | (2<i>R</i>,6'a<i>R</i>)-10'ξ-hydroxy-3',6'a,8'<i>t</i>-trimethyl-(6'a<i>r</i>)-octahydro-spiro[furan-2,7'-(3<i>t</i>,9a<i>t</i>-methano-cyclopent[<i>b</i>]oxocin)]-5,2'-dione | 107519-16-4 | C17H24O5 |
| —— | 6,6-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-one | 135524-52-6 | C7H4F6O2 |
| —— | 8-(3-hydroxymethyl-4-oxo-2-oxetanyl)-4-methyl-2-octanone | 112924-48-8 | C13H22O4 |
| —— | (1R,6S,8R)-8-Chloro-8-methyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[4.2.0]octan-7-one | 32348-06-4 | C8H11ClO2 |
| —— | Isobutyric acid (3aR,4R,6R,9bS)-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylene-6-methylsulfanylmethoxy-2,8-dioxo-2,3,3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9b-decahydro-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl ester | 89044-16-6 | C21H28O6S |
| —— | methyl (2SR,10RS)-2-chloro-4-oxa-5-oxotricyclo<4.3.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>>decane-10-carboxylate | 72443-89-1 | C11H13ClO4 |
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