内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (3aS,4R,5aS,9aR,9bS)-8-Hydroxy-4-methoxymethoxy-5a-vinyl-decahydro-furo[2,3-f]isochromen-2-one | 66556-55-6 | C15H22O6 |
| —— | 4(R)-methyl-3(S)-(1(R)-methyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-5(S)-(1(R)-iodopentyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 97249-05-3 | C13H23IO3 |
| —— | (1'S,5R)-5-<1'-<1'-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-2',2',2'-trifluoroethyl>>dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 149902-82-9 | C12H21F3O3Si |
| —— | 3-methyl-3-(3-oxo-pentyl)-furan-2,4-dione | 1236161-66-2 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | (1R,3S,4S,7S,8R,10R)-3-Iodo-6-oxo-5,9-dioxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>4,8</sup>]decane-10-carboxylic acid | 96913-82-5 | C9H9IO5 |
| —— | 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(α,α-dimethyl-4'-hydroxyphenylacetyloxy)-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 114774-18-4 | C29H38O6 |
| —— | 4(R)-methyl-3(S)-(1(S)-methyl-2(E)-heptenyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 97277-07-1 | C13H22O2 |
| —— | (5R,6S)-5-bromo-6-(thiophen-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1300698-96-7 | C9H9BrO2S |
| —— | 8-chloro-5-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-3-oxatricyclo[4.4.0.01,5]deca-7,9-dien-4-one | 184651-30-7 | C13H13ClO2 |
| —— | (6R,1'S)-6-[(1'-t-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl]-2,4-dioxotetrahydropyran 4-oxime | 119963-05-2 | C12H20N2O5 |
| —— | (1R,5S) 6,6-dimethyl-4(R)-[3',3'-dimethylbutyrolactone-2'(S)-oxy]-3-oxabicyclo-(3,1,0)-hexan-2-one | 76692-23-4 | C13H18O5 |
| —— | Formic acid (1R,2R,6R,7R)-5-oxo-4-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dec-1-ylmethyl ester | 156880-45-4 | C11H14O4 |
| —— | (3E)-3-(3-phenylpropylidene)oxolan-2-one | 1402611-60-2 | C13H14O2 |
| —— | α-Acetyl-δ-isobutyloxy-γ-valerolacton | 81840-72-4 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,6aR)-3-methyl-4-octyl-3-phenylselanyl-4,6a-dihydro-3aH-furo[3,4-b]furan-2,6-dione | 124929-02-8 | C21H28O4Se |
| —— | (3S,5S,7R,9R)-3,5,7,9-tetramethylnonanolide | 130858-79-6 | C13H24O2 |
| —— | (3R,4R)-3,4-Diallyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 81525-21-5 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 3-(2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-methyl-3H,5H-furan-2,4-dione | 121740-83-8 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | 6-methyl-7a-phenyl-3,3a,7,7a-tetrahydro-3,6-methanobenzofuran-2(6H)-one | 1627214-50-9 | C16H16O2 |
| —— | 7-ethyl-8-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]-2,9-dioxononane | 1333332-20-9 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | 3'a,7'a-trans-3'a,4',5',6',7',7'a-Hexahydrospiro<cyclohexane-1,1'(3'H)-isobenzofuran>-3'-one | 73090-10-5 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-4-((3S,4R)-3-tert-Butoxy-4-fluoro-oct-1-ynyl)-5-hydroxy-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 87333-10-6 | C19H29FO4 |
| —— | β-metyhylene-α,α-trimethylene-γ-butyrolactone | 95864-59-8 | C8H10O2 |
| —— | (3S,4R,5R)-6-tert-butyldiphenylsiloxy-3,5-bis(methoxymethoxy)hexan-4-olide | 155343-74-1 | C26H36O7Si |
| —— | (Z,3R,4S,9S,10R)-3,4,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-4,9-bis(methoxymethoxy)-3-methyl-10-pentyloxecin-2-one | 1585969-08-9 | C19H34O6 |
| —— | 6-isohexyl-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 100250-24-6 | C12H22O2 |
| —— | 3-<Bis(methoxycarbonyl)methyl>-5-pentanolide | 135253-17-7 | C10H14O6 |
| —— | (R)-Dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-2,3-furandione | 124508-43-6 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | (1S,6S)-1-Methyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[4.2.0]octan-3-one | 72331-80-7 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | 3-[2-((1R,2R)-2-Hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohexyl)-eth-(E)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 74542-27-1 | C15H24O3 |
| —— | (3R,5R)-3-Allyl-5-((S)-1-iodo-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 131175-68-3 | C9H13IO2 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3-((2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 102341-77-5 | C17H30O3Si |
| —— | 3-deoxy-3-C-methyl-5-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-D-arabino-1,4-lactone | 105676-46-8 | C22H28O4Si |
| —— | (4aR,8aR)-4a,7-Dimethyl-3-phenylselanyl-3,4,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydro-chromen-2-one | 128980-26-7 | C17H20O2Se |
| —— | (3R,5S)-3-Allyl-5-triisopropylsilanyloxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 216863-45-5 | C17H32O3Si |
| —— | 2,3-O-Benzylidene-5-deoxy-D-ribonic Acid γ-Lactone | 90108-52-4 | C12H12O4 |
| —— | 3(S)-(1(R),4-dimethyl-2(E)-pentenyl)-4(S)-methyl-5(R)-(1(S)-methylbutyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 104784-15-8 | C17H30O2 |
| —— | Laevulinsaeure-thioanhydrid | 20597-57-3 | C10H14O4S |
| —— | rac-(3aR,5aR,8aR,8bR)-5a,7,7,8a-tetramethyl-1-methylene-4-(pentan-3-yl)-2,3,5a,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1H,6H-3a,8b-methano-as-indacene | 123675-74-1 | C17H24O4 |
| —— | α-Thioacetyl-γ-valerolacton | 26792-29-0 | C7H10O2S |
| —— | 3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-5-methyl-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-one | 100948-64-9 | C8H10O2 |
| —— | (1α,2α,4α,6α)-3,8-dioxatricyclo<4.2.1.0<sup>2,4</sup>>nonan-7-one | 93000-77-2 | C7H8O3 |
| —— | 2-amino-D-<i>xylo</i>-2,3-dideoxy-hexonic acid-4-lactone | 806643-39-0 | C6H11NO4 |
| —— | 15,16-epoxy-12R-hydroxy-ent-halima-5(10),13(16),14-trien-18,2β-olide | 1114282-64-2 | C20H26O4 |
| —— | 1582740-79-1 | C15H25BrO3Si | |
| —— | 5-(1-Chloro-2-methyl-propenyl)-3-ethyl-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 100066-98-6 | C11H17ClO2 |
| —— | (+)-(2E,3R,4S)-2-(dodec-11-enylidene)-3-hydroxy-4-methylbutanolide | 1196997-36-0 | C17H28O3 |
| —— | 4-Cyan-5,5,5-trifluormethyl-4-hydroxypentansaeurelacton | 770-58-1 | C6H4F3NO2 |
| —— | (1R,2R,3R,6R,7S,9S)-2-Iodo-5-oxo-4,8-dioxa-tricyclo[4.2.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>]nonane-9-carbonyl chloride | 70400-53-2 | C8H6ClIO4 |
| —— | 3,3,6,10-tetramethyl-hexahydro-6,9-methano-pyrano[3,4-d]oxepin-1,8-dione | 110031-03-3 | C14H20O4 |
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