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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (+)-deoxyvernolepin 59076-96-9 C15H16O4
    (+)-deoxyvernolepin
    —— (S)-4-fluoromethyldihydro-3H-furan-2-one 916069-80-2 C5H7FO2
    (S)-4-fluoromethyldihydro-3H-furan-2-one
    —— D-arabino-L-galacto-nonono-1,4-lactone 3080-48-6 C9H16O9
    D-arabino-L-galacto-nonono-1,4-lactone
    —— 3-(3-hydroxy-propylsulfanyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 876156-37-5 C7H12O3S
    3-(3-hydroxy-propylsulfanyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 2-oxooxolan-3-yl 2-(trimethylsilylmethyl)acrylate 677775-93-8 C11H18O4Si
    2-oxooxolan-3-yl 2-(trimethylsilylmethyl)acrylate
    —— dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one-3-d 37616-14-1 C4H6O2
    dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one-3-d
    —— 6-(4-chlorophenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 112607-36-0 C11H11ClO2
    6-(4-chlorophenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (2S,4R)-5-(2,4-dimethylheptyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one 332035-31-1 C15H28O3
    (2S,4R)-5-(2,4-dimethylheptyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (1R,3R,4S,5R)-3-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-4-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-7-one 758719-54-9 C24H30O3Si
    (1R,3R,4S,5R)-3-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-4-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-7-one
    —— (1R,5R)-4-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one 758719-52-7 C8H10O2
    (1R,5R)-4-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one
    —— Ethyl (2-oxooxolan-3-yl) carbonate 1213299-28-5 C7H10O5
    Ethyl (2-oxooxolan-3-yl) carbonate
    —— (4aS,8aS)-4a-Methyl-hexahydro-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2-one 143731-67-3 C9H14O3
    (4aS,8aS)-4a-Methyl-hexahydro-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2-one
    —— (2R,4R)-2-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-4-butanolide 117141-72-7 C5H8O4
    (2R,4R)-2-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-4-butanolide
    —— dihydrocoriamyrtin 16768-85-7 C15H20O5
    dihydrocoriamyrtin
    —— 2-(2-phenylmethyl)-4-methyl-4-butanolide 14557-92-7 C12H14O2
    2-(2-phenylmethyl)-4-methyl-4-butanolide
    —— (5aR<sup>*</sup>,11aR<sup>*</sup>,11bR<sup>*</sup>)-Decahydro-1H-oxepino<3',4':4,5>isoxazolo<2,3-a>pyridin-1-one 132091-91-9 C11H17NO3
    (5aR<sup>*</sup>,11aR<sup>*</sup>,11bR<sup>*</sup>)-Decahydro-1H-oxepino<3',4':4,5>isoxazolo<2,3-a>pyridin-1-one
    —— (5S,1'R)-4,5-dihydro-5-(1'-hydroxy)ethyl-2-(3H)-furanone 89195-92-6 C6H10O3
    (5S,1'R)-4,5-dihydro-5-(1'-hydroxy)ethyl-2-(3H)-furanone
    —— tert-butyl ((S)-1-((2R,4R)-4-benzyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2-methylpropyl)carbamate 214286-42-7 C20H29NO4
    tert-butyl ((S)-1-((2R,4R)-4-benzyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2-methylpropyl)carbamate
    —— (R)-5-((S)-1-bromo-2-methylpropyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1384163-68-1 C8H13BrO2
    (R)-5-((S)-1-bromo-2-methylpropyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-benzyl-5-[(1R)-1-bromo-2-methylpropyl]oxolan-2-one 214286-40-5 C15H19BrO2
    (3R,5S)-3-benzyl-5-[(1R)-1-bromo-2-methylpropyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-5-[(1S)-1-azido-2-methylpropyl]-3-benzyloxolan-2-one 214286-41-6 C15H19N3O2
    (3R,5S)-5-[(1S)-1-azido-2-methylpropyl]-3-benzyloxolan-2-one
    —— ethyl 5-oxotetrahydro-3-furancarboxylate 5204-92-2 C7H10O4
    ethyl 5-oxotetrahydro-3-furancarboxylate
    —— ferulin 29455-13-8 C15H16O3
    ferulin
    —— (-)-(S)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydro-3-furancarboxylic acid 157007-74-4 C7H10O4
    (-)-(S)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydro-3-furancarboxylic acid
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-isopropylbutyro-1,4-lactone 89359-09-1 C7H12O3
    4-hydroxy-3-isopropylbutyro-1,4-lactone
    —— (1S,5R,6R,7R)-(-)-2-oxa-6-(dimetoxymethyl)-7-acetoxybicyclo<3.3.0>-octan-3-one 80844-95-7 C12H18O6
    (1S,5R,6R,7R)-(-)-2-oxa-6-(dimetoxymethyl)-7-acetoxybicyclo<3.3.0>-octan-3-one
    —— dehydroisoleucomisin 35945-79-0 C15H16O3
    dehydroisoleucomisin
    —— 4-methyloxocan-2-one 813433-38-4 C8H14O2
    4-methyloxocan-2-one
    —— 3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one 766-71-2 C7H10O2
    3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— (Z)-9-octadecen-4-olide 59303-50-3 C18H32O2
    (Z)-9-octadecen-4-olide
    —— (1S,4R,5R)-4-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 1379786-29-4 C11H10O2
    (1S,4R,5R)-4-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 1-chloro-c-2-(2-hydroxypropyl)-t-3-phenyl-r-1-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid 92609-32-0 C13H13ClO2
    1-chloro-c-2-(2-hydroxypropyl)-t-3-phenyl-r-1-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid
    —— 5-(bromo(phenyl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C11H11BrO2
    5-(bromo(phenyl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5-(bromo(phenyl)methyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1300699-03-9 C11H11BrO2
    5-(bromo(phenyl)methyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-Methyloxocan-2-one 68383-01-7 C8H14O2
    3-Methyloxocan-2-one
    —— 1-phenyl-5-(phenylmethyl)-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-one 146140-30-9 C18H16O2
    1-phenyl-5-(phenylmethyl)-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-one
    —— 5-phenyl-1-(phenylmethyl)-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-one 121851-44-3 C18H16O2
    5-phenyl-1-(phenylmethyl)-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-one
    —— 1-phenyl-5-(phenylmethyl)-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexane-2,4-dione 146140-29-6 C18H14O3
    1-phenyl-5-(phenylmethyl)-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexane-2,4-dione
    —— α-(2-(chloro-methyl)allyl)-γ-butyrolactone 163012-33-7 C8H11ClO2
    α-(2-(chloro-methyl)allyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— ethyl 3-(2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)propanoate 1282534-81-9 C10H16O4
    ethyl 3-(2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)propanoate
    —— dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2,3-furandione 98136-03-9 C6H8O3
    dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2,3-furandione
    —— 3-[(1R,2R)-2-[(2S,4R)-4-benzyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl]sulfanylpropanamide 180858-15-5 C22H25NO4S
    3-[(1R,2R)-2-[(2S,4R)-4-benzyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl]sulfanylpropanamide
    —— (3S,5R,6R,1'R)-5,6-dimethoxy-5,6-dimethyl-3-(2-oxotetrahydropyran-4-yl)-[1,4]dioxan-2-one 871937-88-1 C13H20O7
    (3S,5R,6R,1'R)-5,6-dimethoxy-5,6-dimethyl-3-(2-oxotetrahydropyran-4-yl)-[1,4]dioxan-2-one
    —— β-carbomethoxy-γ,γ-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone 6934-77-6 C8H12O4
    β-carbomethoxy-γ,γ-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3R)-3-prop-2-enoxyoxane-2,6-dione 289480-37-1 C8H10O4
    (3R)-3-prop-2-enoxyoxane-2,6-dione
    —— (4R,5R,6R)-6-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one 202132-72-7 C8H14O3
    (4R,5R,6R)-6-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— N,N-Diethyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro(4.5)decane-4-carboxamide 136547-40-5 C14H23NO3
    N,N-Diethyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro(4.5)decane-4-carboxamide
    —— N,N-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide 136547-39-2 C12H19NO3
    N,N-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (2S,3R)-2,3-dimethylbutanolide 75658-87-6 C6H10O2
    (2S,3R)-2,3-dimethylbutanolide
    —— 2-oxo-1-oxaspiro<4,5>decan-4-carboxylic acid thiosemicarbazide 166411-55-8 C11H17N3O3S
    2-oxo-1-oxaspiro<4,5>decan-4-carboxylic acid thiosemicarbazide