内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 4-(1-Bromo-3,3,3-trichloropropyl)oxolan-2-one | 88037-60-9 | C7H8BrCl3O2 |
|
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-3-(phenylselanyl)oxolan-2-one | 87683-14-5 | C10H10O3Se |
|
| —— | (5R)-5-(3-Methylbut-2-en-1-yl)oxolan-2-one | 87295-21-4 | C9H14O2 |
|
| —— | 3-(1-Methyl-7-oxo-6,8-dioxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-5-yl)-propionic acid | 87044-42-6 | C10H14O5 |
|
| —— | 9-Methyl-10,12-dioxa-tricyclo[7.2.1.0<sup>1,6</sup>]dodecan-11-one | 87044-45-9 | C11H16O3 |
|
| —— | 3-(1,3-Dithian-2-ylidene)-6-methyloxane-2,4-dione | 850163-41-6 | C10H12O3S2 |
|
| —— | (4R,5R)-3-Oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-5-carboxylic acid | 862174-60-5 | C7H8O4 |
|
| —— | 3-(1,3-Dithian-2-ylidene)-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione | 850163-44-9 | C15H14O3S2 |
|
| —— | 4-(Hexadecan-8-yl)tetrahydro-1H,3H-3a,7a-ethano-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione | 85672-82-8 | C26H44O3 |
|
| —— | 3-(1,3-Dithiolan-2-ylidene)-6-methyloxane-2,4-dione | 850163-40-5 | C9H10O3S2 |
|
| —— | 3-(1,3-Dithiolan-2-ylidene)-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione | 850163-43-8 | C14H12O3S2 |
|
| —— | 3-[Bis(methylsulfanyl)methylidene]-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione | 850163-42-7 | C14H14O3S2 |
|
| —— | 4-(Nonadec-10-en-1-ylidene)-3-(octadec-9-en-1-yl)oxetan-2-one | 83708-16-1 | C40H72O2 |
|
| —— | 6-(Tridecafluorohexyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2,4-dione | 842123-44-8 | C12H5F13O3 |
|
| —— | 5-(4-Pentylcyclohexyl)oxolan-2-one | 832147-87-2 | C15H26O2 |
|
| —— | 5-Hydroxy-6,6-dimethoxy-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one | 828916-84-3 | C8H12O5 |
|
| —— | (6S)-6-(1-Hydroxypentyl)oxane-2,4-dione | 827623-59-6 | C10H16O4 |
|
| —— | 2-Methyl-3-[(2R)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]prop-2-enamide | 825653-31-4 | C8H11NO3 |
|
| —— | 6-(Trideca-1,3,6-trien-1-YL)oxan-2-one | 825633-00-9 | C18H28O2 |
|
| —— | (S)-5-Benzyloxymethoxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 82065-60-9 | C13H16O4 |
|
| —— | 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-methyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one | 817206-94-3 | C11H18O3 |
|
| —— | 2-Oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate | 817172-07-9 | C13H18O4 |
|
| —— | 8-Hydroxy-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one | 817206-99-8 | C9H14O3 |
|
| —— | 3-(Bromomethyl)-6-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-1-one | 922142-87-8 | C9H12BrNO3 |
|
| —— | (2R,3S)-2-Benzyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid | 916248-84-5 | C12H12O4 |
|
| —— | 3-{1-[(Prop-2-en-1-yl)amino]ethylidene}oxolan-2-one | 920312-83-0 | C9H13NO2 |
|
| —— | 3-[1-(Trimethylsilyl)propan-2-ylidene]oxolan-2-one | 919802-55-4 | C10H18O2Si |
|
| —— | 3-[1-Phenyl-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one | 919802-57-6 | C15H20O2Si |
|
| —— | 3-[2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one | 919802-56-5 | C9H16O2Si |
|
| —— | 3-Oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-1-yl 2-methylpropanoate | 918779-85-8 | C12H18O4 |
|
| —— | 2,2-Di-tert-butyl-5-methoxy-1,3-oxaselenan-6-one | 918496-62-5 | C13H24O3Se |
|
| —— | 11,12-Dimethyl-1,7-dioxadispiro[4.0.4~6~.2~5~]dodecane-2,8-dione | 918312-24-0 | C12H16O4 |
|
| —— | (3R,4R)-3-butyl-4-methyl-5-pentanolide | 917871-17-1 | C10H18O2 |
|
| —— | (4R,5R)-4-Acetyl-5-(thiophen-2-yl)oxolan-2-one | 91478-34-1 | C10H10O3S |
|
| —— | (4R,5S)-4-Acetyl-5-cyclohexyloxolan-2-one | 91478-36-3 | C12H18O3 |
|
| —— | (4R,5R)-4-Acetyl-5-(furan-2-yl)oxolan-2-one | 91478-35-2 | C10H10O4 |
|
| —— | (1R,6R)-7,7-Dimethoxy-2-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-3-one | 90177-46-1 | C9H14O4 |
|
| —— | 3-Ethylidene-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one | 90162-72-4 | C11H16O2 |
|
| —— | (+/-)-3-decyl-4-((Ξ)-undecyliden)-oxetan-2-one | 55680-03-0 | C24H44O2 |
|
| —— | 3-(1-Hydroxy-2-methylpropylidene)-5-methyloxolane-2,4-dione | 52599-73-2 | C9H12O4 |
|
| —— | 4-methyl-oxonane-2,7-dione | 528870-65-7 | C9H14O3 |
|
| —— | 2-(5-Oxooxolan-3-yl)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate | 502916-59-8 | C10H14O4 |
|
| —— | 5,5-dimethyl-4-(3-methyl-pent-4-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 59019-92-0 | C12H20O2 |
|
| —— | (1R,7S)-4-oxabicyclo[5.1.0]octane-3,5-dione | 59014-44-7 | C7H8O3 |
|
| —— | 4-Methyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo<4.2.0>nonan | 58237-62-0 | C9H14O2 |
|
| —— | 3-Hexyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one | 58237-65-3 | C14H24O2 |
|
| —— | 2-Methyl-2-propyl-β-butyrolacton | 5810-02-6 | C8H14O2 |
|
| —— | Decahydro-cyclopenta[c]chromen-4-one | 58237-66-4 | C12H18O2 |
|
| —— | (3S,5S,6R)-3,5,6-Trimethyloxane-2,4-dione | 922525-82-4 | C8H12O3 |
|
| —— | 2-Oxo-8-(propan-2-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxylic acid | 10017-79-5 | C13H20O4 |
|
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