内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (+/-)-5-hept-4ξ-enyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 75253-67-7 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | (1S,4S,5S,6S)-4-hydroxymethyl-6-(2-thienoyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 1030901-08-6 | C11H10O4S |
| —— | 4,4-diethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 854878-92-5 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-<i>trans</i>-3-methoxy-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 116022-13-0 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | (3S,5R)-5-(iodomethyl)-3-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)oxolan-2-one | 131175-60-5 | C9H13IO2 |
| —— | (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid 10-oxa-bicyclo[6.3.2]trideca-1(11),8,12-trien-12-ylmethyl ester | 97362-69-1 | C23H30O5 |
| —— | dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-<(phenylseleno)methyl>-2(3H)-furanone | 123883-86-3 | C13H16O2Se |
| —— | α-(1-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclohexyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 89908-77-0 | C12H20O3 |
| —— | (1S,6R)-8-Oxa-tricyclo[4.3.3.01,6]dodeca-2,4-dien-7-one | 82517-51-9 | C11H12O2 |
| —— | (E)-3-(1-methylhexylidene)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 1338725-99-7 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | [2,2-<sup>2</sup>H2]-mevalolactone | 116194-81-1 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | (-)-pilopic acid | 910888-80-1 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | 77912-68-6 | C17H24O4 | |
| —— | 2,2'-dioxo-tetrahydro-[3,3']bifuryl-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester | 859931-22-9 | C14H18O8 |
| —— | <+/--(3E,4α,5α)>-4-hydroxy-5-(iodomethyl)-3-tetradecylidenetetrahydro-2-furanone | 78301-20-9 | C19H33IO3 |
| —— | 4-bromo-3-oxo-2-oxa-spiro[4.5]decane-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 95516-36-2 | C12H17BrO4 |
| —— | (1α,3aβ,6aβ)-(+)-1-Camphanoyloxy-1,2,3,3a,4,6a-hexahydropentalene | 68317-63-5 | C18H24O4 |
| —— | (+)-(2Z,3R,4S)-2-(dodec-11-enylidene)-3-hydroxy-4-methylbutanolide | 1196997-38-2 | C17H28O3 |
| —— | 7-ethoxy-1-oxaspiro<5.4>deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione | 79623-00-0 | C11H12O4 |
| —— | trifluoroacetyl picrotoxinin | 76634-90-7 | C17H15F3O7 |
| —— | 4-Cyano-4,4a-epoxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrocyclohexa<c>pyran-3(8aH)-one-1-spiro-1'-cyclohexane | 96829-74-2 | C15H19NO3 |
| —— | 3-((R)-2-Methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-propionic acid methyl ester | 143771-42-0 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | Δ<sup>3</sup>-1,3,4-Oxadiazolin-2-on | 67228-80-2 | C2H2N2O2 |
| —— | 2-(1-isopropylvinyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 139669-56-0 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | (2S,3S,4RS)-4,4-dihydroxy-2-<(1R)-1-(methoxymethoxy)ethyl>-2,3-dimethylbutanoic acid γ-lactone | 129437-60-1 | C10H18O5 |
| —— | (3aS,7aR)-5,6-dimethylhexahydroisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one | 1426955-42-1 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 5-(6-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)hex-1-ynyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1189152-47-3 | C16H28O3Si |
| —— | <i>O</i><sup>2</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>5</sup>-trimethyl-D-galactonic acid-4-lactone | 103263-75-8 | C9H16O6 |
| —— | (1S,2S,3R,5R)-ethyl-2-(4-bromophenyl)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3-carboxylate | 1111644-57-5 | C18H21BrO5 |
| —— | α-Acetyl-δ-isopropyloxy-γ-valerolacton | 3154-73-2 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | ((2R,3S,4S)-2,4-Dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetaldehyde | 32013-06-2 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | 1384835-20-4 | C10H14O2 | |
| —— | (3aS,6S,7aR)-3-<(benzyloxy)methoxy>hexahydro-6-(2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2(3H)-benzofuranone | 82167-75-7 | C19H26O5 |
| —— | (3aS,4S,5S,6aR)-4-Butyl-5-hydroxy-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 68251-92-3 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | 3-benzylidene-4,4-diethyl-2-oxo-morpholinium; bromide | 54971-52-7 | Br*C15H20NO2 |
| —— | (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (R)-2-oxo-1-(3-trimethylsilanyl-prop-2-ynyl)-cyclohexyl ester | 169737-45-5 | C22H32O5Si |
| —— | (2aS,5aR,8aS,8bS)-2a,5a-Dimethyl-octahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2,6-dione | 55102-06-2 | C13H18O3 |
| —— | (R)-4-Hydroxy-3-methylene-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 54911-61-4 | C8H10O3 |
| —— | O-((1S)-5-exo-chloro-1,5-endo-dimethylbicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-2-endo-carbonyl)-D-pantolactone | 144193-91-9 | C16H23ClO4 |
| —— | (4S,5R,9R)-9-Hydroxy-4,9-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,7-dioxa-spiro[4.4]nonane-2,8-dione | 54422-48-9 | C10H12O5 |
| —— | (2R,3S,4R)-3-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid | 50460-97-4 | C7H10O5 |
| —— | (+-)-4c,5c-epoxy-3c,4t-dimethyl-cyclohexane-1r,2c-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride | 99186-70-6 | C10H12O4 |
| —— | (2S,5R)-5-Methyl-2-nonyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-carbaldehyde | 71582-89-3 | C16H28O3 |
| —— | 2(H)-3,4-Dibromo-3,5-dimethyl-6-ethyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one | 157130-87-5 | C9H14Br2O2 |
| —— | (1S,4S,5S)-8-isopropyl-1-methyl-4-<(pivaloyloxy)methyl>-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>oct-7-ene-2,6-dione | 163728-81-2 | C17H24O5 |
| —— | (4R,5S)-3,3-Dichloro-5-isopropyl-4-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 136706-97-3 | C9H12Cl2O2 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3-methylene-5-tridecyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 87044-60-8 | C25H48O3Si |
| —— | tert-butyl (1S)-1-[(2R,4R)-4-allyl-5-oxotetrahydro-2-furanyl]-3-methylbutylcarbamate | 849410-41-9 | C17H29NO4 |
| —— | <i>D</i>-<i>arabino</i>-3-deoxy-[2]heptulosonimidic acid 4-lactone | 29873-83-4 | C7H11NO5 |
| —— | (butanolide yl-2)-3 propanedithioate de methyle | 104681-59-6 | C8H12O2S2 |
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