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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-(Iodomethyl)-3,6-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C8H13IO2
    4-(Iodomethyl)-3,6-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— ethyl 2-methyl-2-(2-oxospiro[6,8a-dihydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-3,1'-cyclohexane]-6-yl)propanoate —— C20H28O4
    ethyl 2-methyl-2-(2-oxospiro[6,8a-dihydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-3,1'-cyclohexane]-6-yl)propanoate
    —— 9-Cyclopropyl-9-hydroxy-2-oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-1-one —— C11H16O3
    9-Cyclopropyl-9-hydroxy-2-oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-1-one
    —— S-ethyl 4-methyl-6-oxo-2-phenyloxane-3-carbothioate —— C15H18O3S
    S-ethyl 4-methyl-6-oxo-2-phenyloxane-3-carbothioate
    —— 4,4-Ditert-butyl-11-phenyl-3,5,8,14-tetraoxa-10-aza-4-silatetracyclo[7.5.1.02,7.012,15]pentadec-10-en-13-one —— C23H31NO5Si
    4,4-Ditert-butyl-11-phenyl-3,5,8,14-tetraoxa-10-aza-4-silatetracyclo[7.5.1.02,7.012,15]pentadec-10-en-13-one
    —— Trispiro[3.0.0.36.25.24]tridecan-10-yl 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C23H32O4
    Trispiro[3.0.0.36.25.24]tridecan-10-yl 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-propyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C13H21NO3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-propyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 5-[Tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-4-ethenyl-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C25H30O3Si
    5-[Tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-4-ethenyl-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C7H11N3O2S
    [(Z)-1-[(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— Ethyl 10-oxo-9-oxabicyclo[3.3.2]decane-1-carboxylate —— C12H18O4
    Ethyl 10-oxo-9-oxabicyclo[3.3.2]decane-1-carboxylate
    —— ethyl 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylate —— C17H19ClO5
    ethyl 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-dioxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylate
    —— [1-(4-Heptyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)ethylideneamino]urea —— C14H25N3O3
    [1-(4-Heptyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)ethylideneamino]urea
    —— 9-Dec-1-enyloxonan-2-one —— C18H32O2
    9-Dec-1-enyloxonan-2-one
    —— 14-(4-Bromophenyl)-13-oxadispiro[4.1.4.3]tetradecane-6,12-dione —— C19H21BrO3
    14-(4-Bromophenyl)-13-oxadispiro[4.1.4.3]tetradecane-6,12-dione
    —— [1-(5-Methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)prop-1-en-2-ylamino]thiourea —— C9H15N3O2S
    [1-(5-Methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)prop-1-en-2-ylamino]thiourea
    —— 3-[1-(2H-tetrazol-5-ylamino)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C7H9N5O2
    3-[1-(2H-tetrazol-5-ylamino)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C17H22O2
    (5S)-5-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)oxolan-2-one —— C16H20O2
    (5S)-5-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-methyl-5-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl)oxolan-2-one —— C15H20O2
    (5R)-5-methyl-5-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-methyl-5-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl)oxolan-2-one —— C15H20O2
    (5S)-5-methyl-5-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-methyl-5-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)oxolan-2-one —— C14H18O2
    (5R)-5-methyl-5-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl)oxolan-2-one —— C14H18O2
    (5R)-5-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-methyl-5-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)oxolan-2-one —— C14H18O2
    (5S)-5-methyl-5-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-(4-butylphenyl)oxolan-2-one —— C14H18O2
    (5R)-5-(4-butylphenyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-(4-butylphenyl)oxolan-2-one —— C14H18O2
    (5S)-5-(4-butylphenyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)oxolan-2-one —— C13H16O2
    (5S)-5-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)oxolan-2-one —— C13H16O2
    (5R)-5-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C13H16O2
    (5R)-5-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-(4-ethylphenyl)oxolan-2-one —— C12H14O2
    (5R)-5-(4-ethylphenyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-(4-ethylphenyl)oxolan-2-one —— C12H14O2
    (5S)-5-(4-ethylphenyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-methyl-5-thiophen-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C9H10O2S
    (5R)-5-methyl-5-thiophen-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-methyl-5-thiophen-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C9H10O2S
    (5S)-5-methyl-5-thiophen-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— (R)-5-(thiophen-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C8H8O2S
    (R)-5-(thiophen-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5-(thiophen-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C8H8O2S
    5-(thiophen-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5-Hydroxy-5-trichloromethyl-4-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dec-8-en-3-one 3048-77-9 C10H9Cl3O3
    5-Hydroxy-5-trichloromethyl-4-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— 1-(2-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione —— C18H20ClFO3
    1-(2-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione
    —— (3S,5S)-5-pentyl-3-[(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C12H19N3O2S
    (3S,5S)-5-pentyl-3-[(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione —— C6H8O6
    (3R,5S)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 5-Ethyldihydro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2(3H)-furanone 243863-37-8 C7H9F3O2
    5-Ethyldihydro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3S,5R)-5-(propoxymethyl)-3-[2-(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C12H19N3O3S
    (3S,5R)-5-(propoxymethyl)-3-[2-(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— [1-[(2S,4S)-5-oxo-4-phenyloxolan-2-yl]ethenylamino]urea —— C13H15N3O3
    [1-[(2S,4S)-5-oxo-4-phenyloxolan-2-yl]ethenylamino]urea
    —— [(3R,3aS,4R,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2,2,2-trichloroacetate —— C17H17Cl3O5
    [(3R,3aS,4R,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2,2,2-trichloroacetate
    —— 2-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C11H17O4-
    2-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]acetate
    —— N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide 727685-99-6 C17H20FNO3
    N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 5-ethyl-6-(2-iodophenyl)-3,3-dimethyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione —— C15H17IO3
    5-ethyl-6-(2-iodophenyl)-3,3-dimethyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione
    —— Potassium;4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C10H13KO4
    Potassium;4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbohydrazide —— C10H16N2O3
    (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbohydrazide
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C10H13O4-
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (5Z)-5-benzylidene-2-[(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]sulfanyl-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C14H11NO3S2
    (5Z)-5-benzylidene-2-[(3R)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]sulfanyl-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— (3aR,5aR,9aS)-3a,5a-dihydro-1H-indeno[1,7a-b]furan-2-one —— C11H10O2
    (3aR,5aR,9aS)-3a,5a-dihydro-1H-indeno[1,7a-b]furan-2-one