内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | α-Cyclohexyl-δ-methyl-δ-hydroxy-γ-caprolacton | 91976-00-0 | C13H22O3 |
| —— | (+)-(4R,5R)-5-((1'R)-hydroxypropyl)-4-(phenyldimethylsilyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one | 142730-73-2 | C15H22O3Si |
| —— | 3-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-phenaethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran | 97024-66-3 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | (+/-)(2Ξ,3Ξ,4'aΞ)-5-oxo-(4'a<i>r</i>,8'a<i>c</i>)-decahydro-spiro[furan-2,2'-naphthalene]-3-carboxylic acid | 5690-08-4 | C14H20O4 |
| —— | 5-(4-chlorophenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1041431-40-6 | C11H11ClO2 |
| —— | 6-cyclohexyl-5-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)oxane-2,4-dione | 109277-47-6 | C15H22O3 |
| —— | 5-<i>tert</i>-butyl-2,4-dioxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 99862-14-3 | C11H16O5 |
| —— | 5-ethyl-4-iodo-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 98431-46-0 | C7H11IO2 |
| —— | 5-Hydroxy-4-iod-3.3-dimethyl-5-phenyl-pentansaeure-lacton | 93307-88-1 | C13H15IO2 |
| —— | (R)-5-cyclohexyl-3-methylenedihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1384155-97-8 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | Acetic acid (S)-2-acetoxy-1-((R)-2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-ethyl ester | 86989-38-0 | C11H16O6 |
| —— | (4R,5R,6R)-4-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-6-isopropyl-5-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 116511-89-8 | C25H34O3Si |
| —— | (6S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyloxan-2-one | 122248-44-6 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-5-But-2-ynyl-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 144334-56-5 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | (1S,2S,6S,7S,9R,11R,15R,19S,20S)-9-ethenyl-7,9,13,13,18,18,19-heptamethyl-3,5,8,12,14-pentaoxapentacyclo[9.7.2.02,6.07,20.015,19]icosan-4-one | 1033362-15-0 | C24H36O6 |
| —— | 3-(1,1-ethylenedioxyethyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-methylenefuran-2(3H)-one | 69063-19-0 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | (Z)-4-hexyl-5-phenylmethylidene-γ-butyrolactone | 1188310-60-2 | C17H22O2 |
| —— | (1R,2S,5R,6R,8R,11R)-5-Hydroxy-11-isopropenyl-6-methyl-2-methylsulfanylmethoxy-9-oxa-tricyclo[6.2.1.02,6]undecan-10-one | 88558-58-1 | C16H24O4S |
| —— | 4-propoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 102539-90-2 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | (E)-3-(5-cyclohexyloxy-1-triazolinomethylene)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 95457-91-3 | C13H19N3O3 |
| —— | (1R,2S,6S,9S,10S)-9-(dimethoxy)methyl-13-hydroxy-2-(methoxymethoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-12-oxatricyclo[8.3.0.0<sup>1,6</sup>]tridec-7-en-11-one | 374570-64-6 | C19H30O7 |
| —— | 3-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-((Z)-propenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 86749-59-9 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | <2,2,6-2H3>-gibberellin A<sub>4</sub> methyl ester 3-ketone | 90830-86-7 | C20H24O5 |
| —— | 3-Methyl-5-benzyl-tetronsaeure | 91963-38-1 | C12H12O3 |
| —— | 1-oxa-spiro[4.4]nonane-2,6-dione-6-semicarbazone | 98961-21-8 | C9H13N3O3 |
| —— | (1R,5R,7S)-4-Phenyl-3-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.2.0<sup>1,5</sup>]undec-8-en-2-one | 105831-92-3 | C16H16O2 |
| —— | (1S,2R)-5-Hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-2-(4-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-ylmethyl)-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid | 94092-83-8 | C15H24O5 |
| —— | 2-Oxo-3-(3-methyl-butyliden)-5-heptyl-tetrahydrofuran | 40541-32-0 | C16H28O2 |
| —— | (1S,5S,7R,9S)-9-Methyl-4-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.01,5]decan-3-one | 87494-98-2 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 2-ethylidene-3-methyl-glutaric acid-anhydride | 90953-90-5 | C8H10O3 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-5-<<2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethoxy>carbonyl>-4,5-dimethyl-2(E)-ethylidene-5-pentanolide | 105927-23-9 | C15H26O4Si |
| —— | (12Ξ)-12-chloro-6β,9-dihydroxy-14,15,16-trinor-8β<i>H</i>-labdane-13,19-dioic acid-13=>9;19=>6-dilactone | 107418-85-9 | C17H23ClO4 |
| —— | 2-Oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid | 5617-72-1 | C6H6O4 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,6aS)-3a,4-dihydro-4-(iodomethyl)-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2(6aH)-one | 915375-59-6 | C8H9IO2 |
| —— | (3aS,4R,5R,6aS)-ethyl-4-(furan-2-yl)-6a-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-3-oxohexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-5-carboxylate | 1111644-79-1 | C16H20O6 |
| —— | 4-Methyl-2-hydroxy-tricyclo<4.2.1.0<sup>3.7</sup>>nonan-4-carbonsaeurelacton | 941-62-8 | C11H14O2 |
| —— | endo-5-(Ethoxycarbonylamino)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.2>oct-7-en-exo-6-carbonsaeure-ethylester | 82313-13-1 | C13H17NO6 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-5-hydroxymethyl-4-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 136265-80-0 | C8H14O4 |
| —— | (1S,4aS,8aS)-1-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydroisochromen-3-one | 96422-85-4 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | (6R,1'S)-6-[(1'-t-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl]-2,4-dioxotetrahydropyran 4-oxime | 119963-05-2 | C12H20N2O5 |
| —— | 135041-17-7 | C14H18O3 | |
| —— | (1R,5R,6R,7S,8R)-7-Azido-6,8-dihydroxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one | 261631-07-6 | C7H9N3O4 |
| —— | 5,6,6-trimethyl-1,4-oxathian-2-one | 1425058-06-5 | C7H12O2S |
| —— | (3S,4S)-3-Hexadecyl-4-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 78986-55-7 | C20H38O3 |
| —— | <i>O</i><sup>2</sup>-methyl-D-threonic acid-4-lactone | 909277-38-9 | C5H8O4 |
| —— | (3R,4S)-3,4-Di-tert-butyl-oxetan-2-one | 70982-93-3 | C11H20O2 |
| —— | 8-Hydroxy-2,7,7,9-tetramethyl-5-oxa-tricyclo[6.3.1.0<sup>1,6</sup>]dodecan-4-one | 94092-40-7 | C15H24O3 |
| —— | α-Isopropyl-δ-methyl-δ-acetoxy-caprolacton | 91882-63-2 | C12H20O4 |
| —— | (+/-)-7ξ-ethoxy-(3a<i>r</i>,7a<i>c</i>)-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 99181-56-3 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | 1402921-95-2 | C12H16O2 |
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