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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— ent-13-methoxymethoxy-3-oxo-3,4-seco-20-norgibberella-4(18),16-dien-7-oic acid 7-mehyl ester 19,10-lactone 1029302-43-9 C22H28O7
    ent-13-methoxymethoxy-3-oxo-3,4-seco-20-norgibberella-4(18),16-dien-7-oic acid 7-mehyl ester 19,10-lactone
    —— 2-Ethyl-3-propyliden-β-lacton 5659-15-4 C8H12O2
    2-Ethyl-3-propyliden-β-lacton
    —— 4-Amino-3,3-dipropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 802045-79-0 C10H19NO2
    4-Amino-3,3-dipropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (cyano-2 ethyl)-5 dihydro-3,4-5H-furannone-2 99344-64-6 C7H9NO2
    (cyano-2 ethyl)-5 dihydro-3,4-5H-furannone-2
    —— 5-(4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)benzyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1401468-38-9 C14H16O4
    5-(4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)benzyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 7-oxooxepan-4-yl acetate 149427-83-8 C8H12O4
    7-oxooxepan-4-yl acetate
    —— 4-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-5-chloropentyl)-γ-butyrolactone 462655-91-0 C9H7ClF8O2
    4-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-5-chloropentyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1046864-65-6 C6H7F3O2
    5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— γ-Fluoromethyl-γ-butyrolactone 765-95-7 C5H7FO2
    γ-Fluoromethyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 4-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-3-chloropropyl)-γ-butyrolactone 462655-90-9 C7H7ClF4O2
    4-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-3-chloropropyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 5-(3-(triisopropylsilyl)prop-2-ynyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1203447-51-1 C16H28O2Si
    5-(3-(triisopropylsilyl)prop-2-ynyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 6-[(E)-hex-1-enyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 121225-00-1 C11H18O2
    6-[(E)-hex-1-enyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— S-(+)-γ-bromomethylene-γ-butyrolactone 99393-05-2 C5H7BrO2
    S-(+)-γ-bromomethylene-γ-butyrolactone
    —— R-(-)-γ-bromomethylene-γ-butyrolactone 99393-06-3 C5H7BrO2
    R-(-)-γ-bromomethylene-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 5-(bis(benzyloxy)phosphoryl)oxy-4-pentanolactone 1228321-59-2 C19H21O6P
    5-(bis(benzyloxy)phosphoryl)oxy-4-pentanolactone
    —— 8-oxaspiro<4.5>dec-2-ene-7,9-dione 131779-49-2 C9H10O3
    8-oxaspiro<4.5>dec-2-ene-7,9-dione
    —— 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-6 (R)-hydroxymethyl-2(S)-methyl-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a(R)-octahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 114801-52-4 C25H40O6
    6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-6 (R)-hydroxymethyl-2(S)-methyl-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a(R)-octahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (2aα,2bα,5aα,5bα)-hexahydrocyclopropa<cd>benzofuran-2(2aH)-one 123826-92-6 C8H10O2
    (2aα,2bα,5aα,5bα)-hexahydrocyclopropa<cd>benzofuran-2(2aH)-one
    —— (3aR,4S,5S,6aS)-5-diphenylphosphanyl-4-[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 1063693-45-7 C32H30O2P2
    (3aR,4S,5S,6aS)-5-diphenylphosphanyl-4-[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (Z)-α-(1'-Bromoethylidene)-β-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone 134078-84-5 C8H9BrO2
    (Z)-α-(1'-Bromoethylidene)-β-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 3-Oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-2,7-dione 86853-74-9 C7H8O3
    3-Oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-2,7-dione
    —— tetrahydro-5-(trimethylsilyl)-2H-pyran-2-one 918422-55-6 C8H16O2Si
    tetrahydro-5-(trimethylsilyl)-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 2,2,3-trimethyl-4-butanolide 70250-63-4 C7H12O2
    2,2,3-trimethyl-4-butanolide
    —— (R)-4-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one 72902-81-9 C6H10O3
    (R)-4-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one
    —— 3-acetyl-5-n-hexyl-5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone 127236-72-0 C13H22O3
    3-acetyl-5-n-hexyl-5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (+)-(4R,5R)-4,5-dimethyl-2-(methoxycarbonyl)-3-vinylpentanolide 206762-54-1 C11H16O4
    (+)-(4R,5R)-4,5-dimethyl-2-(methoxycarbonyl)-3-vinylpentanolide
    —— (2RS,3RS)-<2,3-Dichlor-4-(3-ethyl-3,4-dihydro-5-oxo-2(2H)-furyl)phenoxy>essigsaeure 139520-02-8 C14H14Cl2O5
    (2RS,3RS)-<2,3-Dichlor-4-(3-ethyl-3,4-dihydro-5-oxo-2(2H)-furyl)phenoxy>essigsaeure
    —— trans-dihydro-3,4-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone —— C6H10O2
    trans-dihydro-3,4-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— TBBL 902525-29-5 C8H14O2S
    TBBL
    —— 2-(2'-oxoethyl)-γ-butyrolactone 195062-71-6 C6H8O3
    2-(2'-oxoethyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3R,5S)-3-hexyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1160281-37-7 C16H22O2
    (3R,5S)-3-hexyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (4S,2'R)-4-(1'-methylpyrrolidin-2'-yl)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 228711-48-6 C9H15NO2
    (4S,2'R)-4-(1'-methylpyrrolidin-2'-yl)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 6-phenethyl-6-propyldihydro-pyran-2,4-dione 174484-83-4 C16H20O3
    6-phenethyl-6-propyldihydro-pyran-2,4-dione
    —— trans-3-butanoyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrofuran-2-one 119502-25-9 C9H14O4
    trans-3-butanoyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (1R,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 116498-92-1 C7H10O3
    (1R,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— (1S,4S,5S)-4-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 1292817-12-9 C12H18O4
    (1S,4S,5S)-4-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— (+/-)-4-exo-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-7-en-3-one —— C7H8O3
    (+/-)-4-exo-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-7-en-3-one
    —— 2-hydroxy-3,3-di-n-propyl-γ-butyrolactone 1426303-04-9 C10H18O3
    2-hydroxy-3,3-di-n-propyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 3,5-Bis-methoxymethyl-dihydro-pyran-2,6-dione 134923-75-4 C9H14O5
    3,5-Bis-methoxymethyl-dihydro-pyran-2,6-dione
    —— 4,4-diethyl-4,5-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2(3H)-furanone 222609-29-2 C8H14O3
    4,4-diethyl-4,5-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (S)-5-hydroxy-7-oxaspiro[3.4]octan-6-one 1426302-80-8 C7H10O3
    (S)-5-hydroxy-7-oxaspiro[3.4]octan-6-one
    —— S-3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2-(3H)-furanone 497157-66-1 C6H10O3
    S-3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2-(3H)-furanone
    —— (2S,3R)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-γ-butyrolactone 1426302-86-4 C5H8O3
    (2S,3R)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 5-hydroxy-7-oxaspiro[3.4]octan-6-one 1268522-26-4 C7H10O3
    5-hydroxy-7-oxaspiro[3.4]octan-6-one
    —— 4-Methyl-4-propyl-dihydro-furan-2,3-dione 98558-63-5 C8H12O3
    4-Methyl-4-propyl-dihydro-furan-2,3-dione
    —— 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-γ-butyrolactone —— C5H8O3
    2-hydroxy-3-methyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (-)-invictolide 103619-04-1 C12H22O2
    (-)-invictolide
    —— (+/-)-3-epi-invictolide —— C12H22O2
    (+/-)-3-epi-invictolide
    —— (+/-)-invictolide —— C12H22O2
    (+/-)-invictolide
    —— γ-methyl-γ-propyl-δ-valerolactone 67624-46-8 C9H16O2
    γ-methyl-γ-propyl-δ-valerolactone