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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Dihydromevinolin 77517-29-4 C24H38O5
    Dihydromevinolin
    —— cis-4,7,7-Trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo<4.1.1>octan-3-one 141243-66-5 C10H16O2
    cis-4,7,7-Trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo<4.1.1>octan-3-one
    —— α-(diethoxyphosphinyl)camphorlactone 122593-68-4 C14H25O5P
    α-(diethoxyphosphinyl)camphorlactone
    —— cis-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.1.1>octan-2-one 141316-22-5 C10H16O2
    cis-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.1.1>octan-2-one
    —— α-(trifluoroacetyl)-γ-butyrolactone hydrate 121749-65-3 C6H7F3O4
    α-(trifluoroacetyl)-γ-butyrolactone hydrate
    —— trans-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.1.1>octan-2-one 141243-67-6 C10H16O2
    trans-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.1.1>octan-2-one
    —— 4-isopropyl-7-methyl-oxepan-2-one 141538-90-1 C10H18O2
    4-isopropyl-7-methyl-oxepan-2-one
    —— (4S,7S)-(+)-7-methyl-4-iso-propenyl-2-oxo-oxepanone 141538-90-1 C10H18O2
    (4S,7S)-(+)-7-methyl-4-iso-propenyl-2-oxo-oxepanone
    —— (+/-)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexane 131304-85-3 C10H14O4
    (+/-)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexane
    —— (1S,5R)-methyl 2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylate 127181-21-9 C7H8O4
    (1S,5R)-methyl 2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylate
    —— 3,3-dimethyl-5-propyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 62453-14-9 C9H16O2
    3,3-dimethyl-5-propyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— γ-Chlor-γ,β,β-trimethylbutyrolacton 35167-47-6 C7H11ClO2
    γ-Chlor-γ,β,β-trimethylbutyrolacton
    —— 5-{(4E,6E)-8-[(2-methoxyethoxy)methoxy]-3,3-dimethyl-4,6-octadienyl}-3-methylenedihydro-2(3H)-furanone 428438-82-8 C19H30O5
    5-{(4E,6E)-8-[(2-methoxyethoxy)methoxy]-3,3-dimethyl-4,6-octadienyl}-3-methylenedihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (5S)-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-(4R)-(4'-phenylbutyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one 271245-93-3 C20H29NO4
    (5S)-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-(4R)-(4'-phenylbutyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (5S)-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-(4S)-(4'-phenylbutyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one 271246-02-7 C20H29NO4
    (5S)-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-(4S)-(4'-phenylbutyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,5R)-4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-5-trimethylsilanyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 156757-22-1 C8H16O3Si
    (3R,4R,5R)-4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-5-trimethylsilanyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3aR,3bS,4aR,5aR,6R,8aR,8bR)-3b,6-Dimethyl-1-methylene-6-phenylselanyl-decahydro-4,8-dioxa-cyclopenta[e]cyclopropa[g]azulen-7-one 219825-01-1 C21H24O3Se
    (3aR,3bS,4aR,5aR,6R,8aR,8bR)-3b,6-Dimethyl-1-methylene-6-phenylselanyl-decahydro-4,8-dioxa-cyclopenta[e]cyclopropa[g]azulen-7-one
    —— (3aS,9aS,9bS)-6-Methyl-3,9-dimethylene-3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one 90807-57-1 C15H18O2
    (3aS,9aS,9bS)-6-Methyl-3,9-dimethylene-3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— eremanthin 9,10-α-epoxide 38963-61-0 C15H18O3
    eremanthin 9,10-α-epoxide
    —— 2-(β-dimethylaminomethylene)-γ-valerolactone 62527-57-5 C8H13NO2
    2-(β-dimethylaminomethylene)-γ-valerolactone
    —— 3-methyl-1-oxaspiro<4.11>hexadecan-2-one 72252-09-6 C16H28O2
    3-methyl-1-oxaspiro<4.11>hexadecan-2-one
    —— gulono-γ-lactone —— C6H10O6
    gulono-γ-lactone
    —— 2',6':8',12'-exo,exo-dispiro<cyclopentane-1,5'-<4,10>dioxatetracyclo<5.5.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>.0<sup>8,12</sup>>tetradec-13'-ene-3',9'-dione-11',1''-cyclopentane> 82639-69-8 C20H24O4
    2',6':8',12'-exo,exo-dispiro<cyclopentane-1,5'-<4,10>dioxatetracyclo<5.5.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>.0<sup>8,12</sup>>tetradec-13'-ene-3',9'-dione-11',1''-cyclopentane>
    —— (2R,3'RS,4'RS,5'S)-4-(4'-acetoxy-5'-methyl-2'-oxotetrahydrofuran-3'-yl)-2-methoxymethoxybutanal 244168-08-9 C13H20O7
    (2R,3'RS,4'RS,5'S)-4-(4'-acetoxy-5'-methyl-2'-oxotetrahydrofuran-3'-yl)-2-methoxymethoxybutanal
    —— (-)-3-deoxycardiobutanolide 1234573-49-9 C13H16O5
    (-)-3-deoxycardiobutanolide
    —— (1R,5S,6R)-(-)-6-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 208344-94-9 C6H8O2
    (1R,5S,6R)-(-)-6-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (3aS,4R,5S,6aR)-hexahydro-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy-4-vinylcyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 879880-48-5 C15H26O3Si
    (3aS,4R,5S,6aR)-hexahydro-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy-4-vinylcyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (Z)-(+/-)-9-dodecyl-4,5,8,9-tetrahydro-3H-oxonin-2-one 1370732-60-7 C20H36O2
    (Z)-(+/-)-9-dodecyl-4,5,8,9-tetrahydro-3H-oxonin-2-one
    —— Cyclodesdihydroxy-4,5-didehydroxanthocidin 80927-80-6 C11H14O3
    Cyclodesdihydroxy-4,5-didehydroxanthocidin
    —— 4-methyl-3-phenyl-4-hexanolide 344334-96-9 C13H16O2
    4-methyl-3-phenyl-4-hexanolide
    —— (S)-3-((R)-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-3-(methylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1378531-96-4 C15H20O3S
    (S)-3-((R)-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-3-(methylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 5-hydroxy-4-methyl-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one 135386-90-2 C11H12O3
    5-hydroxy-4-methyl-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one
    —— (1R,5S)-5-[(S)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-hydroxy-butyl]-8,8-dimethyl-2-methylene-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 197845-75-3 C20H36O4Si
    (1R,5S)-5-[(S)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-hydroxy-butyl]-8,8-dimethyl-2-methylene-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— 4-i-butyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 181289-09-8 C8H14O2
    4-i-butyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 4-exo-methoxy-3-methyl-3a,6a-dihydrofuro<3,4-d>isoxazol-6(4H)-one N-oxide 114497-79-9 C7H9NO5
    4-exo-methoxy-3-methyl-3a,6a-dihydrofuro<3,4-d>isoxazol-6(4H)-one N-oxide
    —— 9-methyl-9-vinyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[4,4]nonane-4,6-dione —— C10H12O4
    9-methyl-9-vinyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[4,4]nonane-4,6-dione
    —— 9-methyl-9-vinyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[4,4]nonane-4,6-dione —— C10H12O4
    9-methyl-9-vinyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[4,4]nonane-4,6-dione
    —— 4-(1-pyrrolidino-)-5-n-butyl-butyrolactone 127560-94-5 C12H21NO2
    4-(1-pyrrolidino-)-5-n-butyl-butyrolactone
    —— apetalactone 19865-77-1 C30H50O3
    apetalactone
    —— apetalactone acetate 19865-78-2 C32H52O4
    apetalactone acetate
    —— 3-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 606489-77-4 C6H7F3O2
    3-Methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 4-(α,β,β-trichlorovinyl)-5,5-dimethyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one 70373-09-0 C8H9Cl3O2
    4-(α,β,β-trichlorovinyl)-5,5-dimethyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (+)-marasmic acid 2212-99-9 C15H18O4
    (+)-marasmic acid
    —— 3-Acetyl-3,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 35319-46-1 C8H12O3
    3-Acetyl-3,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 4,5-Dihydro-5-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-2(3H)-furanon 84989-88-8 C12H14O3
    4,5-Dihydro-5-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-2(3H)-furanon
    —— (+/-)-4,4,5,7,7-pentamethyl-3,6-dioxa-bicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-2-one 52866-72-5 C12H20O3
    (+/-)-4,4,5,7,7-pentamethyl-3,6-dioxa-bicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-2-one
    —— (S)-6-Hydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-oxepan-2-one 203392-53-4 C8H14O3
    (S)-6-Hydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-oxepan-2-one
    —— 3,3a,6,7-tetrahydro-8-methyl-5-(methoxymethoxy)cyclohepta[c]furan-1-one 1027591-57-6 C12H16O4
    3,3a,6,7-tetrahydro-8-methyl-5-(methoxymethoxy)cyclohepta[c]furan-1-one
    —— 5-Butyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester 115740-67-5 C10H16O4
    5-Butyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— 3-Butyl-4-pent-(Z)-ylidene-oxetan-2-one 5659-17-6 C12H20O2
    3-Butyl-4-pent-(Z)-ylidene-oxetan-2-one