内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 3-Bromoacetyl-4,5,5-trimethylbutyrolactone | 83524-78-1 | C9H13BrO3 |
| —— | cis-8,8a-dihydro-4,7-dimethyl-2,8a-diphenyl-7H-cyclohepta<b>furan-5,6-dicarboxylic anhydride | 141262-13-7 | C25H20O4 |
| —— | (S)-5-(1-Ethoxy-ethoxymethyl)-4-[(E)-(S)-3-(1-ethoxy-ethoxy)-oct-1-enyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 69008-99-7 | C21H38O6 |
| —— | (2S,3R,4S)-2-hydroxy-3-bromo-4-(2'-thienyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 140479-73-8 | C8H7BrO3S |
| —— | (3aR,5R,7aS)-5-Isopropyl-7a-methyl-tetrahydro-benzofuran-2,7-dione | 72596-15-7 | C12H18O3 |
| —— | teumarin | 90851-19-7 | C22H28O8 |
| —— | 3-benzyl-3-(difluoromethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1417443-11-8 | C13H14F2O2 |
| —— | (1S,2S,4R,5R)-2-<(methoxycarbonyl)amino>-4-iodo-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octane | 124375-94-6 | C9H12INO4 |
| —— | (8aR,8bS)-5-Methyl-2a,3,4,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one | 121919-33-3 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | 2-Oxo-5-heptyl-3-<3,7-dimethyl-octyl>-tetrahydrofuran | 40541-39-7 | C21H40O2 |
| —— | 7,8,11,12-Tetramethyl-10-oxo-9-oxatricyclo<5.3.2.0<sup>1,6</sup>>dodeca-2,4,11-trien-6-carbonsaeure | 80673-65-0 | C16H18O4 |
| —— | 2,11-bis(phenylmethyl)-4,13,19,20-tetraoxatricyclo[14.2.1.1(7,10)]icosa-1(18),7,9,16-tetraene-3,12-dione | 1185763-07-8 | C30H28O6 |
| —— | 1400592-58-6 | C25H33NO3Si | |
| —— | 2-methyl-3-phenyl-5-pentanolide | 114199-68-7 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | (1R,2S,5R,8S)-5-((R)-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-1-(2-methylphenyl)-2-aminoethyl)-1,11,11-trimethyl-3-oxa-6-azatricyclo[6.2.1.0(2,7)]undec-6-en-4-one | 1100257-16-6 | C26H36N2O4 |
| —— | (3S,5R)-3-Isopropenyl-3,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 145105-29-9 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-cycloheptan-carbonsaeurelacton | 120790-34-3 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | (3aR,4aR,6R,7aR,9aR)-3a,4a-Dimethyl-6-phenylselanyl-octahydro-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,4,5-trione | 139697-13-5 | C20H22O4Se |
| —— | (+/-)-2α-Methansulfinyl-3β,5β-epoxy-8β-hydroxy-1,2,3,4,5,8,9α,10α-octahydro-naphthoesaeure-(1β)-lacton | 93692-38-7 | C12H14O4S |
| —— | 3-Hydroxymethyl-5-octyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 138451-69-1 | C13H24O3 |
| —— | (3R,6S)-6-[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl]-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1448544-42-0 | C9H16O3 |
| —— | 6-ethylsulfanyl-2-trichloromethyl-5,6-dihydro-[1,3]oxazin-4-one | 51008-15-2 | C7H8Cl3NO2S |
| —— | 3,3-bis(3-bromopropyl)oxan-2-one | 74636-63-8 | C11H18Br2O2 |
| —— | (5S,6S)-6-((E)-(S)-1,5-Dimethyl-hex-2-enyl)-3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 104526-12-7 | C15H26O2 |
| —— | dl-rel-(1R,5S,6S)-6-methyl-10-oxo-11-oxatricyclo<4.3.2.0<sup>1,5</sup>>undec-8-en-4-ylidenehydrazine | 99310-25-5 | C22H24N2O4 |
| —— | (5R)-3-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-ethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1072956-04-7 | C11H21O5P |
| —— | (<i>R</i>)-4-decyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 63095-52-3 | C14H26O2 |
| —— | (3S,5R)-5-allyl-3-azidodihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1383977-40-9 | C7H9N3O2 |
| —— | 6-methyl-2-oxo-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylic acid | 103855-20-5 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | 5,5-Dibutyl-1,9,10,11,12,12-hexachloro-4,6-dioxa-5-stanna-tricyclo[7.2.1.0<sup>2,8</sup>]dodec-10-ene-3,7-dione | 24878-19-1 | C17H20Cl6O4Sn |
| —— | 5-Methyl-2-{2-[4-(3-methyl-butyl)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl]-ethyl}-hexanoic acid | 35331-17-0 | C18H32O4 |
| —— | 6-isopropylidene-4,4-dimethyl-oxepan-2-one | 63704-16-5 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | 3-butyl-5-ethyl-3-(2-hydroxy-butyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 65668-75-9 | C14H26O3 |
| —— | cis-4a-Formyl-3-oxadecal-3-on | 57951-78-7 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | 2-Ethyl-2-cyclohexyl-propiolacton-(1,3) | 103907-80-8 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | manganese(II)-(L)-aspartate trihydrate | 112243-77-3 | C4H9MnNO6*H2O |
| —— | 3-Butyl-5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 66094-81-3 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | (1'R,2S,3R)-2-(2'-methylenecyclopentyl)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carbaldehyde | 517867-43-5 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | rehmaglutin C | 103744-81-6 | C9H12O5 |
| —— | (+/-)-1-(thiophen-3-yl)-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 942493-41-6 | C9H8O2S |
| —— | (1'R<sup>*</sup>,3S<sup>*</sup>,5S<sup>*</sup>)-4,5-Dihydro-5-methyl-3-<2'-methyl-1'-(hydroxypropyl)>-3-(trimethylsilyl)-2(3H)furanone | 97462-59-4 | C12H24O3Si |
| —— | (R)-6-(1R,2R)-2-((hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one | 1035931-00-0 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | (1S,8S,11S)-2-Oxo-3-oxa-bicyclo[6.3.1]dodecane-11-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 74785-51-6 | C13H20O4 |
| —— | 4-Benzyl-3,3-dipropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 127501-10-4 | C17H24O2 |
| —— | (3R,5R)-5-[3-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-propyl]-3-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 112031-58-0 | C23H30O4Si |
| —— | 5-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 128807-40-9 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | α-Brom-isotenulin | 60662-20-6 | C15H17BrO6 |
| —— | (1S,5R)-2-oxo-1-(3-methylphenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane | 528587-73-7 | C12H12O2 |
| —— | 2-methyl-2-propenyl-4-amyloxymethylbutanolide | 945738-26-1 | C14H24O3 |
| —— | 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1342897-22-6 | C12H13ClO2 |
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