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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (4R,6R)-6-{2-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-1,2,6,7,8.8a-Hexahydro-6-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-8-(2,2-dimethyl-4-pentenoyloxy)-2-methyl-1-naphthyl]ethyl}tetrahydro-4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2H-pyran-2-one 159224-72-3 C37H64O6Si2
    (4R,6R)-6-{2-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-1,2,6,7,8.8a-Hexahydro-6-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-8-(2,2-dimethyl-4-pentenoyloxy)-2-methyl-1-naphthyl]ethyl}tetrahydro-4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 5-(bis(benzyloxy)phosphoryl)oxy-2,2-dimethyl-4-pentanolactone 1228321-61-6 C21H25O6P
    5-(bis(benzyloxy)phosphoryl)oxy-2,2-dimethyl-4-pentanolactone
    —— 2,2-dimethyl-4-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoroheptyl)-γ-butyrolactone 1814-98-8 C13H11F13O2
    2,2-dimethyl-4-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoroheptyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-acetoxymethyl-2(3H)-furanone 132279-96-0 C9H14O4
    dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-acetoxymethyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 6-methyl-3-methylene-6-phenyltetrahydropyran-2-one 727665-34-1 C13H14O2
    6-methyl-3-methylene-6-phenyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 2-Isopropyl-4-methylbutyrolacton 19639-01-1 C8H14O2
    2-Isopropyl-4-methylbutyrolacton
    —— 4-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]oxetan-2-one —— C6H8O2
    4-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]oxetan-2-one
    —— (2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl acetate 1380424-79-2 C8H12O4
    (2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl acetate
    —— Furo[3,4-d]-1,3-dioxol-4(3aH)-one, dihydro-3a,6a-dimethyl-, (3aS-cis)- 146070-67-9 C7H10O4
    Furo[3,4-d]-1,3-dioxol-4(3aH)-one, dihydro-3a,6a-dimethyl-, (3aS-cis)-
    —— Azuleno(4,5-b)furan-2,9-dione, 3,3,7-tribromodecahydro- 67810-46-2 C12H13Br3O3
    Azuleno(4,5-b)furan-2,9-dione, 3,3,7-tribromodecahydro-
    —— 3-(2-chlorophenyl)glutaric anhydride 4759-61-9 C11H9ClO3
    3-(2-chlorophenyl)glutaric anhydride
    —— 4-isopropyl-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 108420-00-4 C8H14O2
    4-isopropyl-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (4Z)-4-heptadecylidene-3-hexadecyloxetan-2-one 10126-68-8 C36H68O2
    (4Z)-4-heptadecylidene-3-hexadecyloxetan-2-one
    —— 5β(H)-austricin 780759-53-7 C15H18O4
    5β(H)-austricin
    —— 5-benzyl-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 60646-32-4 C12H14O2
    5-benzyl-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— dihydro-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxymethyl-4-methyl-2(3H)-furanone 170697-73-1 C22H28O3Si
    dihydro-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxymethyl-4-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (5S)-(-)-dihydro-5-methyl-3-methylene-2(5H)-furanone 82190-18-9 C6H8O2
    (5S)-(-)-dihydro-5-methyl-3-methylene-2(5H)-furanone
    —— 2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.7]dodecane-3-carboxaldehyde 1322113-60-9 C12H18O3
    2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.7]dodecane-3-carboxaldehyde
    —— 5-[1-Tri(propan-2-yl)silylpyrrol-3-yl]oxolan-2-one 1026802-86-7 C17H29NO2Si
    5-[1-Tri(propan-2-yl)silylpyrrol-3-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (R)-alpha-hydroxybutyrolactone 713519-28-9 C4H6O3
    (R)-alpha-hydroxybutyrolactone
    —— cis-2-Trifluoromethyl-4-methyl-γ-lactone 156942-97-1 C6H7F3O2
    cis-2-Trifluoromethyl-4-methyl-γ-lactone
    —— (4aS,7aS)-3,3-Dimethyl-7a-((E)-propenyl)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one 1217457-68-5 C13H20O2
    (4aS,7aS)-3,3-Dimethyl-7a-((E)-propenyl)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one
    —— (5S,6R)-5-Dimethylamino-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 22882-12-8 C8H15NO2
    (5S,6R)-5-Dimethylamino-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (R)-4-fluoromethyldihydro-3H-furan-2-one 916069-81-3 C5H7FO2
    (R)-4-fluoromethyldihydro-3H-furan-2-one
    —— methyl (3R,4S)-4-(chloromethyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate 1333379-12-6 C7H9ClO4
    methyl (3R,4S)-4-(chloromethyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— 4-fluoromethyl-4-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one 916069-74-4 C5H7FO3
    4-fluoromethyl-4-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— methyl (1R,5S)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylate —— C7H8O4
    methyl (1R,5S)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylate
    —— (2R,3R)-5-oxo-2-pentyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid 191217-77-3 C10H16O4
    (2R,3R)-5-oxo-2-pentyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid
    —— rel-(1S,5S)-1-(2-cyanoethyl)-5-methyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>oct-2-en-7-one 99310-23-3 C11H13NO2
    rel-(1S,5S)-1-(2-cyanoethyl)-5-methyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>oct-2-en-7-one
    —— (+/-)-4,4a,5,6,-tetrahydro-7-methylcyclopenta<c>pyran-3(1H)-one 188472-06-2 C9H12O2
    (+/-)-4,4a,5,6,-tetrahydro-7-methylcyclopenta<c>pyran-3(1H)-one
    —— methyl (3aS,3bR,6aR,7aS)-5,5-dimethyl-1-oxo-3a,4,6,6a,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-pentaleno[1,2-c]furan-3b-carboxylate 203188-71-0 C14H20O4
    methyl (3aS,3bR,6aR,7aS)-5,5-dimethyl-1-oxo-3a,4,6,6a,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-pentaleno[1,2-c]furan-3b-carboxylate
    —— 3-(2-thienyl)glutaric anhydride 154227-47-1 C9H8O3S
    3-(2-thienyl)glutaric anhydride
    —— (1S,2S,3R,5S,6R,8R,10R,11S,13R,17S)-3,6-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-1,8,11,17-tetramethyl-15-oxo-14-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.02,11.05,10]heptadecane-17-carbaldehyde 1144161-30-7 C33H60O5Si2
    (1S,2S,3R,5S,6R,8R,10R,11S,13R,17S)-3,6-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-1,8,11,17-tetramethyl-15-oxo-14-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.02,11.05,10]heptadecane-17-carbaldehyde
    —— 3-oxabicyclo<4.3.1>nonane-4,8-dione 54839-03-1 C9H12O3
    3-oxabicyclo<4.3.1>nonane-4,8-dione
    —— (E)-ethylidene-5-pentanolide 61203-10-9 C7H10O2
    (E)-ethylidene-5-pentanolide
    —— (4S)-4-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid 96540-43-1 C6H8O4
    (4S)-4-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 4(S),6(S)-4-hydroxy-6-(2-phenylethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one 119239-93-9 C13H16O3
    4(S),6(S)-4-hydroxy-6-(2-phenylethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (R)-2-methyl-2-(2-E-nitrovinyl)-5-pentanolide 134453-99-9 C8H11NO4
    (R)-2-methyl-2-(2-E-nitrovinyl)-5-pentanolide
    —— 4,4-Dihydroxy-2-methyl-buttersaeure-lacton 3494-93-7 C5H8O3
    4,4-Dihydroxy-2-methyl-buttersaeure-lacton
    —— 3-(diphenylsulfuranylidene)furan-2,4(3H,5H)-dione 1260119-50-3 C16H12O3S
    3-(diphenylsulfuranylidene)furan-2,4(3H,5H)-dione
    —— 4,4-Dimethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo<3.1.0>hexanon-(2) 15143-62-1 C7H10O2
    4,4-Dimethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo<3.1.0>hexanon-(2)
    —— 4,5-dihydro-5-propan-2-yl-3-propan-2-ylidenefuran-2(3H)-one 62687-41-6 C10H16O2
    4,5-dihydro-5-propan-2-yl-3-propan-2-ylidenefuran-2(3H)-one
    —— α-hydroxyethyl-α-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone 88426-91-9 C12H14O3
    α-hydroxyethyl-α-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 4-methylene-5-oxo-2-phenyltetrahydrofuran-2-carbonitrile 1529773-03-2 C12H9NO2
    4-methylene-5-oxo-2-phenyltetrahydrofuran-2-carbonitrile
    —— (2R,3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethy-5-pentanolide 97747-38-1 C7H12O3
    (2R,3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethy-5-pentanolide
    —— cyclohex-4-ene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride 4717-62-8 C8H8O3
    cyclohex-4-ene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride
    —— 2H-Pyran-4-acetamide, 2-((1S,3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl)tetrahydro-6-oxo-, (2R,4S)- 201215-10-3 C15H23NO4
    2H-Pyran-4-acetamide, 2-((1S,3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl)tetrahydro-6-oxo-, (2R,4S)-
    —— (4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-octyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one 202813-86-3 C12H22O3
    (4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-octyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one
    —— (2S,4R,5R)-2-(2-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5-azido-7-methyloctanoic acid, γ-lactone 144490-44-8 C12H21N3O2
    (2S,4R,5R)-2-(2-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5-azido-7-methyloctanoic acid, γ-lactone
    —— (4R,5S)-dihydro-5-hydroxymethyl-4-methyl-(3H)-furan-2-one 85428-29-1 C6H10O3
    (4R,5S)-dihydro-5-hydroxymethyl-4-methyl-(3H)-furan-2-one