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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (5,5-Dimethyl-3-oxocyclohexen-1-yl) 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C18H24O5
    (5,5-Dimethyl-3-oxocyclohexen-1-yl) 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— N-butyl-N,4,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C15H25NO3
    N-butyl-N,4,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-Methoxy-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C11H17NO4
    N-Methoxy-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C12H15F3O4
    2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— N-(2-methoxyethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C13H21NO4
    N-(2-methoxyethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N'-tert-butyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbohydrazide —— C14H24N2O3
    N'-tert-butyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbohydrazide
    —— N-1-adamantyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C20H29NO3
    N-1-adamantyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[4-[(4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl)amino]butyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C24H36N2O6
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[4-[(4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl)amino]butyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(1-pyridin-3-ylethylideneamino)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H21N3O3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(1-pyridin-3-ylethylideneamino)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 1-[4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-carbonyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C16H26N2O4
    1-[4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-carbonyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[6-[(4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl)amino]hexyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C26H40N2O6
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[6-[(4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl)amino]hexyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(propan-2-ylideneamino)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C13H20N2O3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(propan-2-ylideneamino)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 3-Acetyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C9H14O4
    3-Acetyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— [[2-Amino-1-(5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]amino] 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C16H19N3O5S
    [[2-Amino-1-(5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]amino] 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (3R,5S)-5-(chloromethyl)-3-(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxolan-2-one —— C10H15ClO3
    (3R,5S)-5-(chloromethyl)-3-(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-5-(chloromethyl)-3-(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxolan-2-one —— C10H15ClO3
    (3S,5R)-5-(chloromethyl)-3-(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-5-(chloromethyl)-3-(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxolan-2-one —— C10H15ClO3
    (3R,5R)-5-(chloromethyl)-3-(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(pyridin-1-ium-3-ylmethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H21N2O3+
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(pyridin-1-ium-3-ylmethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 1-(4-Ethylpiperazin-4-ium-1-carbonyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C16H27N2O3+
    1-(4-Ethylpiperazin-4-ium-1-carbonyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— 3a,6a-Dimethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxylic acid —— C10H14O4
    3a,6a-Dimethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxylic acid
    —— (3S,5S)-5-(cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C11H16O2
    (3S,5S)-5-(cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R)-2-oxooxolane-3-carbaldehyde —— C5H6O3
    (3R)-2-oxooxolane-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (3S)-2-oxooxolane-3-carbaldehyde —— C5H6O3
    (3S)-2-oxooxolane-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (3R,5S)-5-(cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C11H16O2
    (3R,5S)-5-(cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-5-(cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C11H16O2
    (3R,5R)-5-(cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (2S,4R,8S)-2-hydroxy-6-oxatricyclo[9.4.0.04,8]pentadeca-1(15),11,13-trien-5-one —— C14H16O3
    (2S,4R,8S)-2-hydroxy-6-oxatricyclo[9.4.0.04,8]pentadeca-1(15),11,13-trien-5-one
    —— (2S,4S,8S)-2-hydroxy-6-oxatricyclo[9.4.0.04,8]pentadeca-1(15),11,13-trien-5-one —— C14H16O3
    (2S,4S,8S)-2-hydroxy-6-oxatricyclo[9.4.0.04,8]pentadeca-1(15),11,13-trien-5-one
    —— (5S)-5-fluoro-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C5H7FO2
    (5S)-5-fluoro-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-fluoro-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C5H7FO2
    (5R)-5-fluoro-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3aR,4R,6aR)-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-4-carbaldehyde —— C8H10O3
    (3aR,4R,6aR)-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-4-carbaldehyde
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-3-hydroxy-5-[(2-methyl-3H-pyrazol-2-ium-4-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H16ClN2O3+
    (3R,4S,5S)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-3-hydroxy-5-[(2-methyl-3H-pyrazol-2-ium-4-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,5S)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-3-hydroxy-5-[(2-methyl-3H-pyrazol-2-ium-4-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H16ClN2O3+
    (3S,4S,5S)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-3-hydroxy-5-[(2-methyl-3H-pyrazol-2-ium-4-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,5S)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-3-hydroxy-5-[(2-methyl-3H-pyrazol-2-ium-4-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H16ClN2O3+
    (3R,4R,5S)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-3-hydroxy-5-[(2-methyl-3H-pyrazol-2-ium-4-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R,5S)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-3-hydroxy-5-[(2-methyl-3H-pyrazol-2-ium-4-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H16ClN2O3+
    (3S,4R,5S)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-3-hydroxy-5-[(2-methyl-3H-pyrazol-2-ium-4-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— N,N-dibenzyl-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C25H27NO4
    N,N-dibenzyl-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— N',N',5,8,8-pentamethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carbohydrazide —— C13H20N2O4
    N',N',5,8,8-pentamethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carbohydrazide
    —— N,N-bis(cyanomethyl)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C15H17N3O4
    N,N-bis(cyanomethyl)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— 5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-N-(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C18H28N2O4
    5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-N-(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C16H19NO5
    N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— 5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-N-prop-2-enyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C14H19NO4
    5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-N-prop-2-enyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— 5,8,8-trimethyl-N-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C18H28N2O5
    5,8,8-trimethyl-N-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— 5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-N-(1-phenylethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C19H23NO4
    5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-N-(1-phenylethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— N,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C12H17NO4
    N,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— N,N-bis(2-methoxyethyl)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C17H27NO6
    N,N-bis(2-methoxyethyl)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— 5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-N,N-dipropyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C17H27NO4
    5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-N,N-dipropyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— 1-(Azepane-1-carbonyl)-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione —— C17H25NO4
    1-(Azepane-1-carbonyl)-5,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— 5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-N-(2-phenylethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C19H23NO4
    5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-N-(2-phenylethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-(3-methoxypropyl)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C15H23NO5
    N-(3-methoxypropyl)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-benzyl-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C18H21NO4
    N-benzyl-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-cyclohexyl-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C17H25NO4
    N-cyclohexyl-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide