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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Methyl 4-[3-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypropyl]-4-ethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate 217435-81-9 C27H36O5Si
    Methyl 4-[3-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypropyl]-4-ethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3R,5R)-(-)-3-Methyl-5-ethyl-5-hydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran-2-one 223564-54-3 C8H14O3
    (3R,5R)-(-)-3-Methyl-5-ethyl-5-hydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 6-Ethyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione 214960-35-7 C7H10O3
    6-Ethyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione
    —— 4-Methylene-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one 93423-70-2 C10H14O2
    4-Methylene-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-propyltetrahydropyran 156089-61-1 C8H14O3
    4-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-propyltetrahydropyran
    —— 4-ethyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxotetrahydropyran 83191-80-4 C7H12O3
    4-ethyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxotetrahydropyran
    —— γ-lactone of 1R cis-2,2-dimethyl-3-(1-hydroxy-2,2,2-tribromoethyl)cyclopropane carboxylic acid 263723-33-7 C8H9Br3O2
    γ-lactone of 1R cis-2,2-dimethyl-3-(1-hydroxy-2,2,2-tribromoethyl)cyclopropane carboxylic acid
    —— (1SR,6RS)-2-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>non-7-en-3-one 114647-07-3 C8H10O2
    (1SR,6RS)-2-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>non-7-en-3-one
    —— E-3-<(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene>-2,4(3H,5H)-furandione 87289-77-8 C10H9NO3
    E-3-<(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene>-2,4(3H,5H)-furandione
    —— Z-3-<(3-methyl-2-thienyl)methylene>-2,4(3H,5H)-furandione 87289-79-0 C10H8O3S
    Z-3-<(3-methyl-2-thienyl)methylene>-2,4(3H,5H)-furandione
    —— E-3-<(3-methyl-2-thienyl)methylene>-2,4(3H,5H)-furandione 87289-75-6 C10H8O3S
    E-3-<(3-methyl-2-thienyl)methylene>-2,4(3H,5H)-furandione
    —— Z-3-<(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene>-2,4(3H,5H)-furandione 87289-81-4 C10H9NO3
    Z-3-<(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene>-2,4(3H,5H)-furandione
    —— (3aR,4S,6aS)-4,6a-Dimethyl-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 143468-67-1 C9H12O2
    (3aR,4S,6aS)-4,6a-Dimethyl-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3aS,4S,6aS)-4,6a-Dimethyl-3-methylene-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 143468-63-7 C10H12O2
    (3aS,4S,6aS)-4,6a-Dimethyl-3-methylene-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3R,3aS,4S,6aS)-4,6a-Dimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-3-carboxylic acid 143468-59-1 C10H12O4
    (3R,3aS,4S,6aS)-4,6a-Dimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3R,3aS,4S,6aS)-4,6a-Dimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester 143468-55-7 C11H14O4
    (3R,3aS,4S,6aS)-4,6a-Dimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— (4R,5S)-4-(methoxymethoxy)-3-(E-tetradecylidene)-tetrahydro-2-furanone 305817-90-7 C21H38O4
    (4R,5S)-4-(methoxymethoxy)-3-(E-tetradecylidene)-tetrahydro-2-furanone
    —— (1R,3S,6S,7S,9R,12S)-6-but-3-enyl-12-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-7,11,14,14-tetramethyl-9-triethylsilyloxy-5-oxatricyclo[8.3.1.03,7]tetradec-10-ene-2,4-dione 153145-17-6 C33H58O5Si2
    (1R,3S,6S,7S,9R,12S)-6-but-3-enyl-12-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-7,11,14,14-tetramethyl-9-triethylsilyloxy-5-oxatricyclo[8.3.1.03,7]tetradec-10-ene-2,4-dione
    —— (4R,5S)-4-methoxymethoxy-5-methyl-3-((E)-2-tetradecynylidene)tetrahydro-2-furanone 305817-95-2 C21H34O4
    (4R,5S)-4-methoxymethoxy-5-methyl-3-((E)-2-tetradecynylidene)tetrahydro-2-furanone
    —— (4R,5S)-3-[(E)-2-hexynylidene-4-(methoxymethoxy)-5-methyltetrahydro-2-furanone] 305817-92-9 C13H18O4
    (4R,5S)-3-[(E)-2-hexynylidene-4-(methoxymethoxy)-5-methyltetrahydro-2-furanone]
    —— (4R,5S)-3-[(E)-2-butynylidene-4-(methoxymethoxy)-5-methyltetrahydro-2-furanone] 305817-91-8 C11H14O4
    (4R,5S)-3-[(E)-2-butynylidene-4-(methoxymethoxy)-5-methyltetrahydro-2-furanone]
    —— (4R,5S)-3-((E)-2-hexadecynylidene)tetrahydro-2-furanone 305817-96-3 C23H38O4
    (4R,5S)-3-((E)-2-hexadecynylidene)tetrahydro-2-furanone
    —— (+)-terpenylic acid 116-51-8 C8H12O4
    (+)-terpenylic acid
    —— (-)-terpenylic acid 116-51-8 C8H12O4
    (-)-terpenylic acid
    —— 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1159919-02-4 C11H19BO4
    4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— coronarin D 119188-37-3 C20H30O3
    coronarin D
    —— (3E)-3-{2-[(1S,4aS,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-decahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene}oxolan-2-one 189239-51-8 C20H30O2
    (3E)-3-{2-[(1S,4aS,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-decahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene}oxolan-2-one
    —— coronarin-D ethyl ether 138965-89-6 C22H34O3
    coronarin-D ethyl ether
    —— (2S,3S,4R)-4-benzyl-2-hydroxy-2-[(4E,6E)-3-hydroxy-2-methylnona-4,6-dienoyl]-3-triethylsiloxy-4-butanolide 660842-24-0 C27H40O6Si
    (2S,3S,4R)-4-benzyl-2-hydroxy-2-[(4E,6E)-3-hydroxy-2-methylnona-4,6-dienoyl]-3-triethylsiloxy-4-butanolide
    —— (5S,8R,9S)-8-benzyl-2-[(1E,3E)-hexa-1,3-dienyl]-3-methyl-9-triethylsiloxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,6-dione 660842-25-1 C27H36O5Si
    (5S,8R,9S)-8-benzyl-2-[(1E,3E)-hexa-1,3-dienyl]-3-methyl-9-triethylsiloxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,6-dione
    —— 1,1-Bis-carboxymethyl-cycloheptan-anhydrid 4432-19-3 C11H16O3
    1,1-Bis-carboxymethyl-cycloheptan-anhydrid
    —— (3S,4S,5R)-5-benzyl-3-[(4E,6E)-3-hydroxy-2-methylnona-4,6-dienoyl]-3,4-bis(triethylsilyloxy)oxolan-2-one 660842-23-9 C33H54O6Si2
    (3S,4S,5R)-5-benzyl-3-[(4E,6E)-3-hydroxy-2-methylnona-4,6-dienoyl]-3,4-bis(triethylsilyloxy)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5S,8R,9S)-8-benzyl-2-[(1E,3E)-hexa-1,3-dienyl]-9-methoxymethoxy-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,6-dione 660842-27-3 C23H26O6
    (5S,8R,9S)-8-benzyl-2-[(1E,3E)-hexa-1,3-dienyl]-9-methoxymethoxy-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,6-dione
    —— (4S,5S)-5-[10-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)decyl]-4,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2(3H)-furanone 332095-60-0 C30H44O4Si
    (4S,5S)-5-[10-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)decyl]-4,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 3-Methyl-cyclopentan-1,1-diessigsaeureanhydrid 4759-18-6 C10H14O3
    3-Methyl-cyclopentan-1,1-diessigsaeureanhydrid
    —— 5-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methyldihydrofuran-2-one 21151-49-5 C13H16O2
    5-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-methyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 6-methoxy-5,5,7,7-tetramethyloctahydropyrano[3,2-c]pyridin-2-one 1264746-44-2 C13H23NO3
    6-methoxy-5,5,7,7-tetramethyloctahydropyrano[3,2-c]pyridin-2-one
    —— α-n-butylglutaric anhydride 93273-34-8 C9H14O3
    α-n-butylglutaric anhydride
    —— α-n-propylglutaric anhydride 93273-33-7 C8H12O3
    α-n-propylglutaric anhydride
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-4-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-methyl-5-tridecyloxolan-2-one 851981-61-8 C35H54O3Si
    (3R,4S,5R)-4-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-methyl-5-tridecyloxolan-2-one
    —— (+)-nephromopsinic acid 133695-45-1 C19H34O4
    (+)-nephromopsinic acid
    —— methyl (1R,5R,8S)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-8-yl carbonate 341512-30-9 C9H10O5
    methyl (1R,5R,8S)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-8-yl carbonate
    —— 5-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)oxepan-2-one 1374751-12-8 C9H14O2
    5-(prop-1-ene-2-yl)oxepan-2-one
    —— (1R,5R,8S)-8-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-3-one 341512-28-5 C7H8O3
    (1R,5R,8S)-8-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-3-one
    —— (1R,5R,8R)-8-(tert-Butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-3-one 261631-00-9 C23H26O3Si
    (1R,5R,8R)-8-(tert-Butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-3-one
    —— methyl (1R,5R,6R)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-8-yl carbonate 341512-25-2 C9H10O5
    methyl (1R,5R,6R)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-8-yl carbonate
    —— 5-methyl-5-prop-1-en-2-yloxolan-2-one 111581-76-1 C8H12O2
    5-methyl-5-prop-1-en-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— 2-Cyclopentylglutarsaeureanhydrid 38848-94-1 C9H12O3
    2-Cyclopentylglutarsaeureanhydrid
    —— 2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.11]hexadecane-3-carboxaldehyde 1322113-61-0 C16H26O3
    2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.11]hexadecane-3-carboxaldehyde
    —— β-n-Amyl-β-methyl-glutarsaeureanhydrid 61871-53-2 C11H18O3
    β-n-Amyl-β-methyl-glutarsaeureanhydrid