内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-phenyl-2-pyrone | 117642-41-8 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | 4-Oxatricyclo[5.3.1.03,9]undecan-5-one | 96929-66-7 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 1-deoxy-5-thio-D-glucopyrano-2,6-lactone | 1425494-98-9 | C6H8O4S |
| —— | (3S,4S,4aR,7aS)-tert-butyl octahydro-3-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenylcyclopenta[b]pyran-4a-carboxylate | 1617568-30-5 | C20H26O4 |
| —— | tert-butyl (S)-((R)-2-oxo-3-propionyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)(phenyl)methylcarbamate | 1232237-77-2 | C19H25NO5 |
| —— | 5,9-Dimethyl-oxecane-2,7-dione | 94924-51-3 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | {(2S,4S)-2-[(S)-2-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-1-methoxymethoxy-ethyl]-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl}-acetic acid methyl ester | 137207-17-1 | C28H38O7Si |
| —— | (3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-3,5,6-trimethyl-4-(triethylsilyloxy)-2H-pyran-2-one | 342901-10-4 | C14H28O3Si |
| —— | 5-Butyl-3-ethylsulfanyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 69274-49-3 | C10H18O2S |
| —— | 3-{1-Methyl-2-[2-methyl-cyclohex-3-en-(E)-ylidene]-ethyl}-dihydro-furan-2,5-dione | 65475-74-3 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | 3-(3-oxo-cyclohexyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 70359-27-2 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | ((3S,4S,5R)-4-Bromo-4,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetic acid | 32700-57-5 | C8H11BrO4 |
| —— | 1,4,7-Trimethyl-11-oxa-tricyclo<6,3,1,0<sup>4,9</sup>>dodeca-2,6-dien-10-on | 64738-87-0 | C14H18O2 |
| —— | Carbonic acid (3aS,4R,6aS)-1,6-dioxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-ylmethyl ester ethyl ester | 52356-61-3 | C11H14O6 |
| —— | 77698-82-9 | C19H26O6 | |
| —— | α,γ-Dimethyl-γ-aethyl-γ-butyrolacton | 1636-45-9 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | 3-dehydroxy-4-O-acetylcephalosporolide C | 1415213-29-4 | C12H18O5 |
| —— | (1S,5R,6R)-5-bromo-1-(hydroxymethyl)-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-8-one | 62627-41-2 | C8H9BrO3 |
| —— | (R)-2-Imino-5-((1S,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxy-propyl)-dihydro-furan-3-one | 29873-84-5 | C7H11NO5 |
| —— | 2-(trimethylsilylmethyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 75142-66-4 | C8H16O2Si |
| —— | 4-<(ethylthio)methyl>-3-acetyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 139022-71-2 | C9H14O3S |
| —— | methyl 2-[(2S,4S)-4-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]acetate | 119312-04-8 | C24H30O5Si |
| —— | (1α,2β,3α,6α,7β,8α)-5-Oxo-6-phenyl-4-oxatetracyclo<6.2.1.0<sup>2,7</sup>.0<sup>3,6</sup>>undec-9-en-3-carbonsaeure-methylester | 115410-95-2 | C18H16O4 |
| —— | 4-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 91266-90-9 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | (1R,3S,5R,10S,12S,17S,18R)-5,13,17,18-tetramethyl-4,9-dioxapentacyclo[8.7.1.03,5.06,18.012,17]octadeca-6,13-dien-8-one | 129371-38-6 | C20H26O3 |
| —— | <3,4-<sup>13</sup>C>-Mevalonolacton | 57830-70-3 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | β-Decyliden-γ-butyrolacton | 137669-57-9 | C14H24O2 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-Hydroxy-4-((1E,5Z)-3-oxo-octa-1,5-dienyl)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 90481-95-1 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | (R)-5-((R)-chloro(furan-3-yl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1449292-06-1 | C9H9ClO3 |
| —— | (1R,5R)-1,2,5,6,6,7-Hexamethyl-4-oxa-tricyclo[3.2.0.0<sup>2,7</sup>]heptan-3-one | 59873-44-8 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | 4-(5-(3-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)propyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)cyclopent-1-en-1-yl)-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one | 1265215-34-6 | C30H40O5Si |
| —— | (1S,4R)-4-Ethoxy-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one | 70870-98-3 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | (R,S)-5-[(R)-2-propyl-(tert-butanesulfinylamino)methyl]furan-2(4H)-one | 1329451-03-7 | C12H23NO3S |
| —— | trans-1-allyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxaspiro<4.5>decane | 121756-32-9 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | 4-methyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxamide | 55558-09-3 | C11H17NO3 |
| —— | 3ξ-methyl-(3a<i>r</i>,6a<i>c</i>)-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-furo[3,4-<i>c</i>]pyrazol-6-one | 54467-47-9 | C6H8N2O2 |
| —— | 4,4,5,5,9-Pentamethyl-2-oxa-spiro[5.5]undecane-1,3-dione | 66947-30-6 | C15H24O3 |
| —— | 2-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-3-[1'-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]ethenyl]-5-methyldihydrofurane | 269730-49-6 | C13H26O3Si2 |
| —— | 4-Isopropyl-1,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-isochromen-3-one | 64884-50-0 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | (2R,3R)-2,3-Dimethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2R,3R)-2,3-dimethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-ylmethyl ester | 109922-56-7 | C16H24O6 |
| —— | (R)-4-Bromo-1,4,5-trimethyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 68826-32-4 | C10H15BrO2 |
| —— | 4-(1,2-dimethyl-propenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-5-methylene-dihydro-furan-2-one | 59873-45-9 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | (±)-3-(propylthio)carbonyl-4,4-dimethyloxetan-2-one | 1438433-82-9 | C9H14O3S |
| —— | 5-(1-Methoxymethyl-4-methyl-cyclohex-2-enylmethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 67362-83-8 | C14H22O3 |
| —— | ethyl (2S,3R)-(-)-cis-5-oxo-2-(3-pyridyl)-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate | 1084875-04-6 | C12H13NO4 |
| —— | 5-Methylene-2-oxa-spiro[5.5]undecan-1-one | 104747-02-6 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | (+)-(2S,3R)-cis-3-(hydroxymethyl)bicyclo<2.2.2>octane-2-carboxylic acid lactone | 38335-07-8 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | (2R,3R)-5-(1-Methanesulfonyloxy-ethyl)-2,3-dimethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 109922-54-5 | C12H20O7S |
| —— | (5R,6S,8R)-(+)-6-hydroxy-4,4,8-trimethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one | 748142-68-9 | C12H20O3 |
| —— | (1S,10R,11S,12R)-11,12-diphenyl-3,8-dioxabicyclo[8.2.0]dodecane-2,9-dione | 90455-60-0 | C22H22O4 |
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