内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (5S,6R)-5-t-butyldimethylsiloxy-6-methyl-3-phenylselenotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 132351-76-9 | C18H28O3SeSi |
| —— | 5-(1,4,7,10,13,16-Hexaoxa-cyclooctadec-2-yl)-5-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 70946-29-1 | C22H32O8 |
| —— | 12-carbomethoxy-9,9-dimethyl-3-oxatetracyclo<10,1,0,01,5,07,11>tridec-6-en-2-one | 77645-60-4 | C16H20O4 |
| —— | (3S,4S,5R)-3-Allyl-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 142329-72-4 | C20H40O4Si2 |
| —— | 4-Methyl-2-trifluormethyl-2-(1-trifluoracetyl-1,4-dihydro-pyrid-4-yl)-pseudooxazolon-5 | 22260-88-4 | C12H8F6N2O3 |
| —— | (4-isopropyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-[3]furyl)-acetic acid ethyl ester | 858255-51-3 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | α-Chlormethyl-γ-butyrolacton | 40541-11-5 | C5H7ClO2 |
| —— | Tetrahydrofraxinellon | 16191-52-9 | C14H20O3 |
| —— | 1203458-82-5 | C26H36N2O5Si | |
| —— | dithiocarbonic acid S-[1-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino-methyl)-2-(2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-ethyl] ester O-ethyl ester | 910298-26-9 | C16H27NO5S2 |
| —— | 2-(2,3-dihydroxy)propyl-4-propoxymethylbutanolide | 945738-27-2 | C11H20O5 |
| —— | S-((3-ethyl-2-oxooxetan-3-yl)methyl) ethanethioate | 1393588-40-3 | C8H12O3S |
| —— | 3-acetyl-4,5,5-trimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 83524-79-2 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | (3R,5R)-dihydro-3-hydroxy-5-(furan-2-yl)furan-2-(3H)-one | 1383977-37-4 | C8H8O4 |
| —— | 214484-06-7 | C16H22O6 | |
| —— | (4aR,5S)-5-tert-butoxyhexahydro-4a-methyl-8a-vinylhydrocoumarin | 144656-91-7 | C16H26O3 |
| —— | 3-(2-hydroxy-propyl)-3-isopropyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 65668-70-4 | C11H20O3 |
| —— | (Z)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydro(2-13C)furan-3-ylideneacetic acid | 135102-86-2 | C8H10O4 |
| —— | 3-Pent-4-enoyloxolan-2-one | 1370263-97-0 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | (3R<sup>*</sup>,4S<sup>*</sup>)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-phenyl-1-oxacycloheptan-2-one | 135974-42-4 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | (1R,5S)-1-Bromo-5-ethylsulfanylmethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione | 97962-09-9 | C8H9BrO3S |
| —— | 135680-68-1 | C10H15N2O8Ru | |
| —— | (S)-5-(2-Methyl-allyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 211757-96-9 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | 3-(2-Methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-propionitrile | 104222-96-0 | C8H11NO2 |
| —— | 6-(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S),6,6-trimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a(S),5,6,7,8,8a(S)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 124963-36-6 | C26H44O5 |
| —— | 4-oxatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undeca-3,8-dione | 146680-91-3 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | 3-[1-Hydroxy-7a-methyl-5-(2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-octahydro-inden-4-yl]-propionic acid | 95169-09-8 | C18H28O5 |
| —— | 12-carboxy-9,9-dimethyl-3-oxatetracyclo<10,1,0,01,5,07,11>tridec-6-en-2-one | 77645-62-6 | C15H18O4 |
| —— | (1S,2S,6S)-2-hydroxy-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl-7-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>non-3-en-8-one | 138127-66-9 | C15H26O4Si |
| —— | rac-(3aR,5aS,8aS,8bS)-7,7-dimethyl-1-oxo-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H,3H,6H-3a,8b-methanoindeno[4,5-c]furan-4-carbaldehyde | 77645-55-7 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | 5,5-Dimethyl-3-pentyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 66094-82-4 | C11H20O2 |
| —— | 3-Methylene-6-oxiranyl-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 65461-11-2 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | 5-deoxy-3-O-methyl-L-arabinono-1,4-lactone | 1131825-65-4 | C6H10O4 |
| —— | [3aR,4R(1E,3S),5R,6aS]-4-(3-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxy-1-propenyl)-5-hydroxyhexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 58611-93-1 | C16H24O4 |
| —— | methyl (-)-(S)-5-oxotetrahydro-3-furancarboxylate | 4694-67-1 | C6H8O4 |
| —— | (3R,4S,5R)-4-ethenyl-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one | 926318-75-4 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | (4R,6S)-6-((1S,3S)-1,3-Dihydroxy-butyl)-4,6-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 80765-00-0 | C11H20O4 |
| —— | exo-1-bromo-4,4-dimethyl-3,5,8-trioxatricyclo[5.2.2.0]undec-10-en-9-one | 134593-84-3 | C10H11BrO4 |
| —— | 4-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-1-oxacyclohexan-2-one | 135974-06-0 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | (1<i>S</i>)-6<i>exo</i>,7<i>syn</i>-dihydroxy-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one | 4350-99-6 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | (4S,6S)-6-((1S,3R)-3-Hydroxy-1-iodo-butyl)-4,6-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 80764-98-3 | C11H19IO3 |
| —— | 2-acetyl-2-chloro-4-ethyl butyrolactone | 118586-91-7 | C8H11ClO3 |
| —— | (+-)-2,2-dimethyl-(3ar,8ac)-tetrahydro-4c,7c-methano-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c]oxepin-6-one | 4420-12-6 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | (3R,3aR,6aS)-3-Methyl-1-((S)-1-phenyl-ethyl)-tetrahydro-furo[3,2-c]isoxazol-5-one | 102341-87-7 | C14H17NO3 |
| —— | (4R<sup>*</sup>,6R<sup>*</sup>)-4,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-6-phenyl-1-oxacyclohexan-2-one | 135974-04-8 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | 3,4-difluoro-5-(3-iodopropyl)furan-2(5H)-one | 1610602-29-3 | C7H7F2IO2 |
| —— | (3R,4S,5S)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 143653-86-5 | C12H24O3Si |
| —— | (1R)-endo-6-methyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octane-2,4-dione | 118139-27-8 | C8H10O3 |
| —— | (R)-5-benzyl-3-methylenetetrahydropyran-2-one | 1072956-34-3 | C13H14O2 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-5-[(S)-2-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-1-hydroxy-ethyl]-4-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 141277-21-6 | C22H28O5Si |
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