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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (R)-5-allyl-3-methylenetetrahydropyran-2-one 1072956-37-6 C9H12O2
    (R)-5-allyl-3-methylenetetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— Teuscorolide 41759-79-9 C19H18O5
    Teuscorolide
    —— (5S)-5-allyl-3-diethoxyphosphoryl-2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran 1072956-18-3 C12H21O5P
    (5S)-5-allyl-3-diethoxyphosphoryl-2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran
    —— (S)-5-allyl-3-methylenetetrahydropyran-2-one 1072956-39-8 C9H12O2
    (S)-5-allyl-3-methylenetetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (4S,5S,6S)-4-allyl-6-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1439376-58-5 C11H18O3
    (4S,5S,6S)-4-allyl-6-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— α-benzylthio-γ-butyrolactone 58835-25-9 C11H12O2S
    α-benzylthio-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 4'-camphanol 890589-02-3 C10H16O3
    4'-camphanol
    —— 5-propoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one 59681-02-6 C7H12O3
    5-propoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (4R,6R)-4-(dimethylphenylsilyl)-6-[(R)-2-hydroxypent-4-en-1-yl]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1643685-76-0 C18H26O3Si
    (4R,6R)-4-(dimethylphenylsilyl)-6-[(R)-2-hydroxypent-4-en-1-yl]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 3α,5α-and 3α,5β-dihydro-3-cyano-5-methyl-5-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone 22173-38-2 C12H11NO2
    3α,5α-and 3α,5β-dihydro-3-cyano-5-methyl-5-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— γ-methyl-α-methylene-γ-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone 29043-98-9 C12H12O2
    γ-methyl-α-methylene-γ-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 3-[(3-aminopropyl)thio]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1333401-13-0 C7H13NO2S
    3-[(3-aminopropyl)thio]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 1-hydroxymethylbutan-4-olide 130185-03-4 C5H8O3
    1-hydroxymethylbutan-4-olide
    —— 3-(Tributyl-lambda5-phosphanylidene)oxolan-2-one 184824-73-5 C16H31O2P
    3-(Tributyl-lambda5-phosphanylidene)oxolan-2-one
    —— D-Ribono-1,5-lactone 6866-49-5 C5H8O5
    D-Ribono-1,5-lactone
    —— galactonolactone 2426-46-2 C6H10O6
    galactonolactone
    —— trans-4-methyl-2-oxo-5-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)tetrahydrofuran 136311-35-8 C7H9Cl3O2
    trans-4-methyl-2-oxo-5-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)tetrahydrofuran
    —— (S)-5-dichloromethyl-5-hydroxymethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuran-2-one 755015-92-0 C6H8Cl2O3
    (S)-5-dichloromethyl-5-hydroxymethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (R)-(+)-paraconic acid 5352-72-7 C5H6O4
    (R)-(+)-paraconic acid
    —— (-)-(S)-5-oxotetrahydro-3-furancarboxylic acid 4694-66-0 C5H6O4
    (-)-(S)-5-oxotetrahydro-3-furancarboxylic acid
    —— cis-5-(2,2-dichloroethyl)-4-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran 136311-29-0 C7H10Cl2O2
    cis-5-(2,2-dichloroethyl)-4-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran
    —— 5-(2,2-dichloroethyl)-4-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran 136311-29-0 C7H10Cl2O2
    5-(2,2-dichloroethyl)-4-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran
    —— cis-4-methyl-2-oxo-5-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)tetrahydrofuran 136311-35-8 C7H9Cl3O2
    cis-4-methyl-2-oxo-5-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)tetrahydrofuran
    —— trans-5-(2,2-dichloroethyl)-4-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran 136311-29-0 C7H10Cl2O2
    trans-5-(2,2-dichloroethyl)-4-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran
    —— (6S)-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyprop-2-enyl]oxan-2-one 1042910-03-1 C8H12O3
    (6S)-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyprop-2-enyl]oxan-2-one
    —— dihydro-5-(tert-butyldiphenylsiloxymethyl)-4-methyl-2(3H)-furanone 103233-14-3 C22H28O3Si
    dihydro-5-(tert-butyldiphenylsiloxymethyl)-4-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 2-(1-thiosemicarbazidocarbonyl)-4-pentanolide 479546-54-8 C8H13N3O3S
    2-(1-thiosemicarbazidocarbonyl)-4-pentanolide
    —— 6-chloromethyltetrahydropyran-2,4-dione 136801-84-8 C6H7ClO3
    6-chloromethyltetrahydropyran-2,4-dione
    —— 2-Desoxy-D-galactono-γ-lacton 95103-67-6 C6H10O5
    2-Desoxy-D-galactono-γ-lacton
    —— (S)-6-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl>tetrahydropyran-2-one 145799-32-2 C12H24O3Si
    (S)-6-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl>tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (S)-6-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl>-5,6-dihydropyran-2(3H),4-dione 145799-30-0 C12H22O4Si
    (S)-6-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl>-5,6-dihydropyran-2(3H),4-dione
    —— (5S,1'R)-4,5-dihydro-5-(1'-mesyloxy)ethyl-2-(3H)-furanone 221356-89-4 C7H12O5S
    (5S,1'R)-4,5-dihydro-5-(1'-mesyloxy)ethyl-2-(3H)-furanone
    —— 2-deoxy-D-lyxo-hexono-1,4-lactone 61653-41-6 C6H10O5
    2-deoxy-D-lyxo-hexono-1,4-lactone
    —— (5S,1'S)-5-(2'-bromo-1'-hydroxy)ethyl-4,5-dihydro-2-(3H)-furanone 107855-21-0 C6H9BrO3
    (5S,1'S)-5-(2'-bromo-1'-hydroxy)ethyl-4,5-dihydro-2-(3H)-furanone
    —— (5S,1'S)-5-(1'-azido)ethyl-4,5-dihydro-2-(3H)-furanone 221356-90-7 C6H9N3O2
    (5S,1'S)-5-(1'-azido)ethyl-4,5-dihydro-2-(3H)-furanone
    —— 2,6-dideoxy-D-arabino-hexono-1,4-lactone 71698-58-3 C6H10O4
    2,6-dideoxy-D-arabino-hexono-1,4-lactone
    —— (R)-(-)-phoracantholide I 61448-27-9 C10H18O2
    (R)-(-)-phoracantholide I
    —— octahydro-3-methylenecycloocta(b)furan-2(3H)-one 127981-16-2 C11H16O2
    octahydro-3-methylenecycloocta(b)furan-2(3H)-one
    —— octahydro-3-cyanocycloocta(b)furan-2(3H)-one 97191-15-6 C11H15NO2
    octahydro-3-cyanocycloocta(b)furan-2(3H)-one
    —— octahydro-3-((N,N-dimethylamino)methyl)cycloocta(b)furan-2(3H)-one 97191-33-8 C13H23NO2
    octahydro-3-((N,N-dimethylamino)methyl)cycloocta(b)furan-2(3H)-one
    —— Pyrethrosin 28272-18-6 C17H22O5
    Pyrethrosin
    —— pyrethrosin 28272-18-6 C17H22O5
    pyrethrosin
    —— (4aS,5S,7R,7aS)-5,7-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3-one 159697-96-8 C20H40O4Si2
    (4aS,5S,7R,7aS)-5,7-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3-one
    —— 5-Methyloxolane-2,3,4-trione 5692-54-6 C5H4O4
    5-Methyloxolane-2,3,4-trione
    —— (2R,3R,4S)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-pentyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid 185246-78-0 C11H18O4
    (2R,3R,4S)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-pentyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— methyl (2R,3R,4S)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-pentyloxolane-3-carboxylate 185246-79-1 C12H20O4
    methyl (2R,3R,4S)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-pentyloxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (4S,6R)-6-formyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-dimethyl-t-butylsilyloxy-2H-pyran-2-one 118117-20-7 C12H22O4Si
    (4S,6R)-6-formyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-dimethyl-t-butylsilyloxy-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (3R,4S)-4-(dec-9-enyl)-3-methyloxetan-2-one 652150-82-8 C14H24O2
    (3R,4S)-4-(dec-9-enyl)-3-methyloxetan-2-one
    —— trans-2R,4S-2-Methyl-4-phenyl butyrolactone 130856-90-5 C11H12O2
    trans-2R,4S-2-Methyl-4-phenyl butyrolactone
    —— (-)-allo-protolichesterinic acid 22800-27-7 C19H32O4
    (-)-allo-protolichesterinic acid