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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (5R)-γ-valerolactone γ-carboxylic acid 21461-86-9 C6H8O4
    (5R)-γ-valerolactone γ-carboxylic acid
    —— (3S,4R)-3-<2-(tert-butyloxy)-ethyl>-4-vinyl-5-pentanolide 147589-69-3 C13H22O3
    (3S,4R)-3-<2-(tert-butyloxy)-ethyl>-4-vinyl-5-pentanolide
    —— trans-γ,δ-dimethyl-δ-valerolactone 139164-07-1 C7H12O2
    trans-γ,δ-dimethyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— (S)-(-)-tetrahydro-2-methyl-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylic acid 21461-89-2 C6H8O4
    (S)-(-)-tetrahydro-2-methyl-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylic acid
    —— (R)-4-tert-butyl-oxetan-2-one 138622-93-2 C7H12O2
    (R)-4-tert-butyl-oxetan-2-one
    —— 5-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-2-deoxy-L-ribonolactone 138433-78-0 C21H26O4Si
    5-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-2-deoxy-L-ribonolactone
    —— (S)-4-(2-methylpropyl)-oxetane-2-one 180037-69-8 C7H12O2
    (S)-4-(2-methylpropyl)-oxetane-2-one
    —— (R)-(-)-3-hydroxy-4,4,4-trichlorobutyric β-lactone 16493-63-3 C4H3Cl3O2
    (R)-(-)-3-hydroxy-4,4,4-trichlorobutyric β-lactone
    —— 4-(1-Cyano-2,2-dimethylpropylidine)-2-oxetane-1-one 74987-47-6 C9H11NO2
    4-(1-Cyano-2,2-dimethylpropylidine)-2-oxetane-1-one
    —— (S)-4-isopropyloxetane-2-one 170715-33-0 C6H10O2
    (S)-4-isopropyloxetane-2-one
    —— 3-(4-chloro-phenyl)-3-methyl-pentanedioic acid anhydride 53911-70-9 C12H11ClO3
    3-(4-chloro-phenyl)-3-methyl-pentanedioic acid anhydride
    —— (3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-6-yl)acetic acid 53320-29-9 C9H12O4
    (3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-6-yl)acetic acid
    —— β-isopropenyl-β-propiolactone 43084-06-6 C6H8O2
    β-isopropenyl-β-propiolactone
    —— 4-(4-Bromophenyl)-4-methyloxane-2,6-dione 1158997-05-7 C12H11BrO3
    4-(4-Bromophenyl)-4-methyloxane-2,6-dione
    —— β-vinyl-β-propiolactone 7379-74-0 C5H6O2
    β-vinyl-β-propiolactone
    —— (R)-4-(2-methylpropyl)-oxetane-2-one 180037-68-7 C7H12O2
    (R)-4-(2-methylpropyl)-oxetane-2-one
    —— 3-vinylidenedihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 76175-87-6 C6H6O2
    3-vinylidenedihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-methyl-3-phenylglutaric anhydride 4160-85-4 C12H12O3
    3-methyl-3-phenylglutaric anhydride
    —— 3-(4-bromo)-phenylglutaric acid anhydride 1137-61-7 C11H9BrO3
    3-(4-bromo)-phenylglutaric acid anhydride
    —— γ-hexanolactone 15964-17-7 C6H10O2
    γ-hexanolactone
    —— 4-cyclohexyloxetan-2-one 132835-55-3 C9H14O2
    4-cyclohexyloxetan-2-one
    —— (4S)-4-[3-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxypropyl)]-4-ethyl-3-(methoxycarbonyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 262847-01-8 C27H36O5Si
    (4S)-4-[3-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxypropyl)]-4-ethyl-3-(methoxycarbonyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 3-methyl-3-<i>p</i>-tolyl-pentanedioic acid anhydride 22892-46-2 C13H14O3
    3-methyl-3-<i>p</i>-tolyl-pentanedioic acid anhydride
    —— (4S)-4-[3-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxypropyl)]-4-ethyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone 262847-09-6 C25H34O3Si
    (4S)-4-[3-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxypropyl)]-4-ethyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 4-undecyloxetan-2-one 51758-20-4 C14H26O2
    4-undecyloxetan-2-one
    —— 4-(1,1-dichloroethyl)-2-oxetanone 92695-39-1 C5H6Cl2O2
    4-(1,1-dichloroethyl)-2-oxetanone
    —— (S)-4-cyclohexyloxetan-2-one 214853-88-0 C9H14O2
    (S)-4-cyclohexyloxetan-2-one
    —— β-valerolactone 15890-55-8 C5H8O2
    β-valerolactone
    —— 4-butyloxetan-2-one 23778-41-8 C7H12O2
    4-butyloxetan-2-one
    —— β-methacryloyloxy-β-methyl-γ-butyrolactone 195000-63-6 C9H12O4
    β-methacryloyloxy-β-methyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 4-tert-butyl-β-propiolactone 62694-35-3 C7H12O2
    4-tert-butyl-β-propiolactone
    —— (R)-4-n-hexyloxetan-2-one 243655-80-3 C9H16O2
    (R)-4-n-hexyloxetan-2-one
    —— (S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,4-trichlorobutyric β-lactone 20710-34-3 C4H3Cl3O2
    (S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,4-trichlorobutyric β-lactone
    —— 4-isopropyloxetane-2-one 10359-02-1 C6H10O2
    4-isopropyloxetane-2-one
    —— 4-methyl-4-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)-2-oxetanone 259872-27-0 C10H16O2
    4-methyl-4-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)-2-oxetanone
    —— (3S,5S)-5-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxy)oxolan-2-one 162889-21-6 C25H34O6Si
    (3S,5S)-5-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxy)oxolan-2-one
    —— 2,2-Dimethyl-4-(2-methylpropenyl)-butanolid 51994-06-0 C10H16O2
    2,2-Dimethyl-4-(2-methylpropenyl)-butanolid
    —— 2-deoxy-L-erythro-pentono-1,4-lactone 38996-14-4 C5H8O4
    2-deoxy-L-erythro-pentono-1,4-lactone
    —— α-(t-butyl-dimethylsilyloxy)-γ-butyrolactone 213416-36-5 C10H20O3Si
    α-(t-butyl-dimethylsilyloxy)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 5-bromo-2,5-dideoxy-D-threo-pentono-1,4-lactone 38996-09-7 C5H7BrO3
    5-bromo-2,5-dideoxy-D-threo-pentono-1,4-lactone
    —— (3S,5S)-(+)-3-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one 19473-20-2 C5H8O4
    (3S,5S)-(+)-3-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (2S,4S)-5-(t-butyldiphenylsiloxy)-2-hydroxypentan-4-olide 102717-31-7 C21H26O4Si
    (2S,4S)-5-(t-butyldiphenylsiloxy)-2-hydroxypentan-4-olide
    —— (4S,5R)-4,5-dihydro-5-((1R,2S)-1,2-dihydroxybut-3-enyl)-4-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone 906098-18-8 C14H16O4
    (4S,5R)-4,5-dihydro-5-((1R,2S)-1,2-dihydroxybut-3-enyl)-4-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 2,5-dibromo-2,5-dideoxy-D-lyxono-1,4-lactone 82805-10-5 C5H6Br2O3
    2,5-dibromo-2,5-dideoxy-D-lyxono-1,4-lactone
    —— D-xylono-1,5-lactone 82796-87-0 C5H8O5
    D-xylono-1,5-lactone
    —— methyl (2aR,3S,6aR,6bR)-2-oxo-hexahydro-1,4-dioxa-4a-aza-cyclopenta[cd]pentalene-3-carboxylate 338746-33-1 C9H11NO5
    methyl (2aR,3S,6aR,6bR)-2-oxo-hexahydro-1,4-dioxa-4a-aza-cyclopenta[cd]pentalene-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid 57651-41-9 C6H8O4
    2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,5S)-2-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one 31915-47-6 C8H10O2
    (1S,5S)-2-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one
    —— 4,4-Bis[chloro(difluoro)methyl]-3-(trimethylsilyl)oxetan-2-one 88237-31-4 C8H10Cl2F4O2Si
    4,4-Bis[chloro(difluoro)methyl]-3-(trimethylsilyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— (2S)-tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylic acid ethyl ester —— C7H10O4
    (2S)-tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylic acid ethyl ester