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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-(1,3-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentyl)-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C12H22O4
    5-(1,3-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentyl)-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— methyl 8,8-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4a,6a,7,9-tetrahydro-4H-pentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylate —— C16H20O5
    methyl 8,8-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4a,6a,7,9-tetrahydro-4H-pentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylate
    —— 3-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 74243-47-3 C5H8O4
    3-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 4-methyl-9-decanolide —— C11H20O2
    4-methyl-9-decanolide
    —— 8,9,12,19-Tetrahydroxy-6,14,15,21,22-pentamethyl-10-methylidene-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosan-25-one —— C29H42O7
    8,9,12,19-Tetrahydroxy-6,14,15,21,22-pentamethyl-10-methylidene-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosan-25-one
    —— 3-(14-hydroxyhexadecoxy)-5-methyl-3-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one —— C23H41O7P
    3-(14-hydroxyhexadecoxy)-5-methyl-3-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one
    —— 5-(4-Hexen-2-ynyl)dihydro-2(5h)-furanone —— C10H12O2
    5-(4-Hexen-2-ynyl)dihydro-2(5h)-furanone
    —— D,L-3-deoxy-2-C-hydroxymethyltetrono-1,4-lactone 19444-86-1 C5H8O4
    D,L-3-deoxy-2-C-hydroxymethyltetrono-1,4-lactone
    —— (14-Methoxy-3-methyl-9-methylidene-8-oxo-4,7,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.03,5.06,10]hexadec-13(16)-en-11-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C20H24O7
    (14-Methoxy-3-methyl-9-methylidene-8-oxo-4,7,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.03,5.06,10]hexadec-13(16)-en-11-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 2-Hydroxy-1,5,12,13-tetramethyl-6,16-dioxatetracyclo[11.3.2.05,7.09,14]octadec-9(14)-ene-8,10,15-trione —— C20H26O6
    2-Hydroxy-1,5,12,13-tetramethyl-6,16-dioxatetracyclo[11.3.2.05,7.09,14]octadec-9(14)-ene-8,10,15-trione
    —— Methyl 2-[13-(furan-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-6,6,8,12-tetramethyl-17-methylidene-15-oxo-2,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.7.1.01,12.03,8]heptadecan-7-yl]acetate —— C27H36O7
    Methyl 2-[13-(furan-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-6,6,8,12-tetramethyl-17-methylidene-15-oxo-2,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.7.1.01,12.03,8]heptadecan-7-yl]acetate
    —— 5-Hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H18O4
    5-Hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— 5,8-Dihydroxy-10-pentyloxecane-2,7-dione —— C14H24O5
    5,8-Dihydroxy-10-pentyloxecane-2,7-dione
    —— harzialactone A —— C11H12O3
    harzialactone A
    —— 9,21-Dihydroxy-5,8,11,14,17,24-hexamethyl-22-oxahexacyclo[19.2.1.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosane-10,23-dione —— C29H44O5
    9,21-Dihydroxy-5,8,11,14,17,24-hexamethyl-22-oxahexacyclo[19.2.1.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosane-10,23-dione
    —— 9-Hydroxy-7-methyl-10-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-1,5,8,9,10,10a-hexahydrocyclonona[c]furan-3-one —— C20H30O3
    9-Hydroxy-7-methyl-10-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-1,5,8,9,10,10a-hexahydrocyclonona[c]furan-3-one
    —— 4-(1-Hydroxy-3-oxobutyl)-3-methylidene-5-(2-methyl-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)oxolan-2-one —— C15H18O5
    4-(1-Hydroxy-3-oxobutyl)-3-methylidene-5-(2-methyl-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-Tritriacontyldihydrofuran-2(3h)-one —— C37H72O2
    5-Tritriacontyldihydrofuran-2(3h)-one
    —— (3,6,9-Trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2,2-dichloropropanoate —— C18H20Cl2O5
    (3,6,9-Trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2,2-dichloropropanoate
    —— Sceleratinsaeure 6882-50-4 C10H13ClO4
    Sceleratinsaeure
    —— 4-[(4-Acetyl-3-methyloxolan-2-yl)oxymethyl]-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C14H22O5
    4-[(4-Acetyl-3-methyloxolan-2-yl)oxymethyl]-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Hexacos-17-enyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C31H58O3
    3-Hexacos-17-enyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 2-[2-(7-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-oxoocta-3,5-dienyl)-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetamide —— C17H25NO5
    2-[2-(7-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-oxoocta-3,5-dienyl)-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetamide
    —— (3,6,9-Trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2-chloropropanoate —— C18H21ClO5
    (3,6,9-Trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2-chloropropanoate
    —— 4,8-Dimethyl-12-methylidene-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]tridecan-3-one —— C15H22O2
    4,8-Dimethyl-12-methylidene-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]tridecan-3-one
    —— 9-Hydroxy-6,6,9-trimethyl-1,2,4a,5,6a,7,8,10-octahydroindeno[1,7a-b]pyran-3-one —— C15H24O3
    9-Hydroxy-6,6,9-trimethyl-1,2,4a,5,6a,7,8,10-octahydroindeno[1,7a-b]pyran-3-one
    —— 7-[8-(3-Hydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-2,6-dihydropyran-2-yl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraenyl]-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3,5-dione —— C25H32O5
    7-[8-(3-Hydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-2,6-dihydropyran-2-yl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraenyl]-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3,5-dione
    —— 3-Ethylidene-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxan-2-one —— C9H14O3
    3-Ethylidene-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— 5-Ethylidene-2,3-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylic acid —— C10H14O4
    5-Ethylidene-2,3-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (8,12-Dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,11-dioxo-4,7,15-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.01,5.06,8]pentadecan-14-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H22O7
    (8,12-Dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,11-dioxo-4,7,15-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.01,5.06,8]pentadecan-14-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— Methyl 15-hydroxy-8-methoxy-4,5,7,10,14,14-hexamethyl-6,18-dioxo-19-oxapentacyclo[10.5.2.01,13.02,10.05,9]nonadeca-3,7-diene-9-carboxylate —— C27H36O7
    Methyl 15-hydroxy-8-methoxy-4,5,7,10,14,14-hexamethyl-6,18-dioxo-19-oxapentacyclo[10.5.2.01,13.02,10.05,9]nonadeca-3,7-diene-9-carboxylate
    —— (10-Hydroxy-3-methyl-12-methylidene-13-oxo-4,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.03,5]tetradec-8-en-8-yl)methyl acetate —— C17H22O6
    (10-Hydroxy-3-methyl-12-methylidene-13-oxo-4,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.03,5]tetradec-8-en-8-yl)methyl acetate
    —— 3-(2-Chloro-3-hydroxybutylidene)-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C9H13ClO4
    3-(2-Chloro-3-hydroxybutylidene)-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 1'-(Hydroxymethyl)-1',3'-dimethyl-3-methylidenespiro[3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-5,2'-cyclopentane]-2-one —— C15H22O3
    1'-(Hydroxymethyl)-1',3'-dimethyl-3-methylidenespiro[3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-5,2'-cyclopentane]-2-one
    —— 7-hydroxy-3-methoxy-6,8,8-trimethyl-3a,4,6,6a,7,9-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-c]furan-1,5-dione —— C16H22O5
    7-hydroxy-3-methoxy-6,8,8-trimethyl-3a,4,6,6a,7,9-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-c]furan-1,5-dione
    —— 1-Furan-2-yl-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxa-spiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione —— C16H20O4
    1-Furan-2-yl-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxa-spiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione
    —— 3-Dodec-1-en-11-ynyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C17H26O3
    3-Dodec-1-en-11-ynyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— Methyl 2-[8-(furan-3-yl)-1,3-dihydroxy-7,16,18-trimethyl-10,15-dioxo-9,13-dioxahexacyclo[14.2.1.02,14.03,12.04,18.07,12]nonadecan-17-yl]acetate —— C27H32O9
    Methyl 2-[8-(furan-3-yl)-1,3-dihydroxy-7,16,18-trimethyl-10,15-dioxo-9,13-dioxahexacyclo[14.2.1.02,14.03,12.04,18.07,12]nonadecan-17-yl]acetate
    —— 5-(Furan-3-yl)-11-hydroxy-4,10-dimethyl-15-oxatetracyclo[6.5.2.01,9.02,6]pentadec-2(6)-ene-3,14-dione —— C20H22O5
    5-(Furan-3-yl)-11-hydroxy-4,10-dimethyl-15-oxatetracyclo[6.5.2.01,9.02,6]pentadec-2(6)-ene-3,14-dione
    —— 4,12-Dimethyl-5-propan-2-yl-13-oxapentacyclo[10.2.2.01,9.04,8.09,11]hexadecan-14-one —— C20H30O2
    4,12-Dimethyl-5-propan-2-yl-13-oxapentacyclo[10.2.2.01,9.04,8.09,11]hexadecan-14-one
    —— [13-[2-(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)ethenyl]-4-methyl-9-methylidene-11-oxo-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.3.0.04,6]tridecan-13-yl]methyl acetate —— C22H30O6
    [13-[2-(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)ethenyl]-4-methyl-9-methylidene-11-oxo-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.3.0.04,6]tridecan-13-yl]methyl acetate
    —— (2-oxo-5-pentyl-tetrahydro-[3]furyl)-acetic acid —— C11H18O4
    (2-oxo-5-pentyl-tetrahydro-[3]furyl)-acetic acid
    —— 4-(1,3-Dithiolan-2-yl)-5,6-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C10H16O2S2
    4-(1,3-Dithiolan-2-yl)-5,6-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— [6-Methyl-11-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-10-oxo-9-oxabicyclo[6.2.1]undeca-3,5-dien-2-ylidene]methyl acetate —— C22H30O4
    [6-Methyl-11-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-10-oxo-9-oxabicyclo[6.2.1]undeca-3,5-dien-2-ylidene]methyl acetate
    —— 10-methyldodecan-4-olide 93567-60-3 C13H24O2
    10-methyldodecan-4-olide
    —— 11-Ethoxy-8-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methylidene-5,14-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.02,6]pentadeca-7,12(15)-diene-4,13-dione —— C17H20O6
    11-Ethoxy-8-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methylidene-5,14-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.02,6]pentadeca-7,12(15)-diene-4,13-dione
    —— [1,5-Dimethyl-8-[2-(6-methylidene-2-oxo-1-bicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl)ethyl]-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl] acetate —— C22H30O5
    [1,5-Dimethyl-8-[2-(6-methylidene-2-oxo-1-bicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl)ethyl]-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl] acetate
    —— 4,4-Dimethyl-5-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one —— C10H16O3
    4,4-Dimethyl-5-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— Vibralactone S —— C12H14O4
    Vibralactone S
    —— [3-(4,4,7a-trimethyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl)-2-(4-hydroxy-5-oxooxolan-3-yl)but-3-enyl] acetate —— C22H34O5
    [3-(4,4,7a-trimethyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl)-2-(4-hydroxy-5-oxooxolan-3-yl)but-3-enyl] acetate