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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (S)-2-[(4S,5S)-4-((1R,5S)-8,8-Dimethyl-2-methylene-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-5-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-6-methylene-[1,3]dioxepan-5-yl]-propionic acid methyl ester 202527-72-8 C22H32O6
    (S)-2-[(4S,5S)-4-((1R,5S)-8,8-Dimethyl-2-methylene-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-5-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-6-methylene-[1,3]dioxepan-5-yl]-propionic acid methyl ester
    —— Propionic acid (S)-7-((1R,5S)-8,8-dimethyl-2-methylene-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-5-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-4,7-dihydro-[1,3]dioxepin-5-ylmethyl ester 202527-71-7 C21H30O6
    Propionic acid (S)-7-((1R,5S)-8,8-dimethyl-2-methylene-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-5-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-4,7-dihydro-[1,3]dioxepin-5-ylmethyl ester
    —— (1R,4R,6S)-1,6-dibromo-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one 73582-51-1 C10H14Br2O2
    (1R,4R,6S)-1,6-dibromo-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one
    —— 5-methyl-7-phenyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-2-one 1186534-59-7 C13H12O2
    5-methyl-7-phenyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-2-one
    —— (2S,2'S,4S,4'S)-3,4,3',4'-tetrahydro-4,4'-bis(1-methylethenyl)-[2,2'-bifuran]-5,5'(2H,2’H)-dione 1413429-38-5 C14H18O4
    (2S,2'S,4S,4'S)-3,4,3',4'-tetrahydro-4,4'-bis(1-methylethenyl)-[2,2'-bifuran]-5,5'(2H,2’H)-dione
    —— 3-[3-Triisopropylsilanyloxy-prop-(E)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one 869477-70-3 C16H30O3Si
    3-[3-Triisopropylsilanyloxy-prop-(E)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3-allyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 951396-54-6 C8H12O3
    3-allyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3R,4R,5S)-3-allyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1041860-93-8 C8H12O3
    (3R,4R,5S)-3-allyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 4,4-diethyl-3-methyl-2-oxetanone 126485-97-0 C8H14O2
    4,4-diethyl-3-methyl-2-oxetanone
    —— 6-Phenyl-3a,4-dihydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1,5-dione 143121-35-1 C13H10O3
    6-Phenyl-3a,4-dihydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1,5-dione
    —— cyclotagitinin C 75197-71-6 C19H24O6
    cyclotagitinin C
    —— 8α-acetoxy-11β,13-dihydroparishin A 70855-20-8 C17H22O6
    8α-acetoxy-11β,13-dihydroparishin A
    —— 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-Nitrosyloxy-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a(S),5,6,7,8,8a(S)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 114801-57-9 C25H45NO5Si
    6(R)-[2-[8(S)-Nitrosyloxy-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a(S),5,6,7,8,8a(S)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-3-[1-Chloro-1-trimethylsilanyl-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-5-pentyl-4-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 180982-33-6 C15H25ClO2Si
    (4R,5R)-3-[1-Chloro-1-trimethylsilanyl-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-5-pentyl-4-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3-Butyloxetan-2-one 102547-96-6 C7H12O2
    3-Butyloxetan-2-one
    —— (S)-2-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-δ-valerolactone 140944-16-7 C7H12O3
    (S)-2-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— (3S)-3-ethyl-3-methyl-4-butanolide 80348-89-6 C7H12O2
    (3S)-3-ethyl-3-methyl-4-butanolide
    —— (4S,5S)-5-(azidomethyl)-4-deuteriooxolan-2-one 612070-52-7 C5H7N3O2
    (4S,5S)-5-(azidomethyl)-4-deuteriooxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (1S,2R,4S)-2-cyano-1,5-dimethyl-7-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl ester 161441-92-5 C19H23NO5
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (1S,2R,4S)-2-cyano-1,5-dimethyl-7-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl ester
    —— oxacyclonon-6-en-2-one 871477-30-4 C8H12O2
    oxacyclonon-6-en-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4-ethenyl-5-[(2S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-2-trimethylsilyloxyoct-7-enyl]oxolan-2-one 1224633-05-9 C19H34O4Si
    (4S,5R)-4-ethenyl-5-[(2S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-2-trimethylsilyloxyoct-7-enyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-carbethoxy-4-methylene-2-oxa-1-phenylbicyclo<3.3.0>-3-octanone 143037-87-0 C17H18O4
    5-carbethoxy-4-methylene-2-oxa-1-phenylbicyclo<3.3.0>-3-octanone
    —— 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-7-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-heptanolide 69172-30-1 C14H18O4
    3-hydroxy-3-methyl-7-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-heptanolide
    —— 8β-hydroxy-14,15,16-trinorlabdane-13,17-carbolactone 72009-93-9 C17H28O3
    8β-hydroxy-14,15,16-trinorlabdane-13,17-carbolactone
    —— (3R,4R,5R,6S)-5-Bromo-6-((R)-2,2-diethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-yl)-3-methoxy-4-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 207302-95-2 C14H23BrO5
    (3R,4R,5R,6S)-5-Bromo-6-((R)-2,2-diethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-yl)-3-methoxy-4-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-5-methyl-3-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one 135820-06-3 C8H12O2
    (3S,5R)-5-methyl-3-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-Allyl-5-[(S)-1-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-propyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one 871310-91-7 C16H30O3Si
    (3R,5S)-3-Allyl-5-[(S)-1-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-propyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (S)-5-[(S)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-propyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one 871310-92-8 C13H26O3Si
    (S)-5-[(S)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-propyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-Allyl-5-[(S)-1-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-propyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one 865487-02-1 C26H34O3Si
    (3R,5S)-3-Allyl-5-[(S)-1-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-propyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (2S,2'R,5'R,2''S,5''S)-5''-[(S)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-undecyl]-hexahydro-[2,2';5',2'']terfuran-5-one 190380-60-0 C29H54O5Si
    (2S,2'R,5'R,2''S,5''S)-5''-[(S)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-undecyl]-hexahydro-[2,2';5',2'']terfuran-5-one
    —— (2R,2'S,5'S,2''S,5''S)-5''-[(S)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-undecyl]-hexahydro-[2,2';5',2'']terfuran-5-one 190380-61-1 C29H54O5Si
    (2R,2'S,5'S,2''S,5''S)-5''-[(S)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-undecyl]-hexahydro-[2,2';5',2'']terfuran-5-one
    —— (2S,2'S,5'S,2''S,5''S)-5''-[(S)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-undecyl]-hexahydro-[2,2';5',2'']terfuran-5-one 190380-63-3 C29H54O5Si
    (2S,2'S,5'S,2''S,5''S)-5''-[(S)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-undecyl]-hexahydro-[2,2';5',2'']terfuran-5-one
    —— tert-butyl (S)-1-((2S,4R)-tetrahydro-4-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-2-methylpropylcarbamate 869494-38-2 C18H31NO4
    tert-butyl (S)-1-((2S,4R)-tetrahydro-4-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-2-methylpropylcarbamate
    —— (3S,5S)-3-Methyl-5-triisopropylsilanyloxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 439217-25-1 C15H30O3Si
    (3S,5S)-3-Methyl-5-triisopropylsilanyloxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<1,2,4a(S),5,6,7,8,8a(S)-Octahydro-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-8(S)-<<2(S)-methylbutyryl>oxy>-1(S)-naphthyl>ethyl>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4(R)-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one 85699-75-8 C24H38O5
    6(R)-<2-<1,2,4a(S),5,6,7,8,8a(S)-Octahydro-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-8(S)-<<2(S)-methylbutyryl>oxy>-1(S)-naphthyl>ethyl>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4(R)-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 4,4’-bioxepanyl-7,7’-dione 179523-43-4 C12H18O4
    4,4’-bioxepanyl-7,7’-dione
    —— (3R,4R,5S)-3-benzyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 186528-21-2 C12H14O3
    (3R,4R,5S)-3-benzyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 1-oxaspiro[5.5]undeca-7,10-diene-2,9-dione 1234665-32-7 C10H10O3
    1-oxaspiro[5.5]undeca-7,10-diene-2,9-dione
    —— (1S,4S,5R)-1-fluoro-4-hydroxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one 1311267-45-4 C7H9FO3
    (1S,4S,5R)-1-fluoro-4-hydroxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one
    —— (1S,4S,5R)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-1-fluoro-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one 1311267-87-4 C13H23FO3Si
    (1S,4S,5R)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-1-fluoro-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one
    —— (1R,4S,5S)-1-fluoro-4-hydroxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one 1311267-46-5 C7H9FO3
    (1R,4S,5S)-1-fluoro-4-hydroxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one
    —— (S)-5-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1613041-40-9 C11H12O2
    (S)-5-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,4aS,6S,7R,8R,8aS)-4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-4-triethylsiloxy-7-hydroxy-3,4a,6,8-tetramethylpyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2(3H)-one 1039034-59-7 C18H34O5Si
    (3S,4S,4aS,6S,7R,8R,8aS)-4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-4-triethylsiloxy-7-hydroxy-3,4a,6,8-tetramethylpyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2(3H)-one
    —— (+/-)-3-Chloro-3-methyl-1-oxaspiro[3.5]nonan-2-one 56377-55-0 C9H13ClO2
    (+/-)-3-Chloro-3-methyl-1-oxaspiro[3.5]nonan-2-one
    —— (5R,6S)-5-methyl-6-[(2R,4R)-4-[(4S,5R)-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]pentan-2-yl]oxan-2-one 1351657-06-1 C18H32O4
    (5R,6S)-5-methyl-6-[(2R,4R)-4-[(4S,5R)-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]pentan-2-yl]oxan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R,6R)-3,5-dimethyl-6-[(2R,4R)-4-[(4S,5R)-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]pentan-2-yl]oxan-2-one 1351657-07-2 C19H34O4
    (3R,5R,6R)-3,5-dimethyl-6-[(2R,4R)-4-[(4S,5R)-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]pentan-2-yl]oxan-2-one
    —— 11-hydroxyalliacolide 79232-30-7 C15H22O5
    11-hydroxyalliacolide
    —— (1R,2R,4R,5S)-4-iodo-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]-octane-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester 78215-74-4 C9H11IO4
    (1R,2R,4R,5S)-4-iodo-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]-octane-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— (4R,6S)-4-Methoxy-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 860295-65-4 C7H12O3
    (4R,6S)-4-Methoxy-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— cis-4-Methoxy-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-on 69308-38-9 C7H12O3
    cis-4-Methoxy-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-on