内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (1S,2R,8R)-1-iodo-2-iodomethyl-11,11-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[6.2.1]undecane-4,6-dione | 372955-46-9 | C13H18I2O3 |
| —— | 5-(2-azidoethyl)-3,3-diethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 914483-50-4 | C10H17N3O2 |
| —— | (3R,5S,6S)-6-[(1S,3S)-3-((R)-2,2-Dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-yl)-1-iodo-butyl]-3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 73992-06-0 | C16H27IO4 |
| —— | (1S,2S,5R)-2-But-3-enyl-1-methyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-4,7-dione | 73240-79-6 | C12H16O3 |
| —— | 5-Methyl-4-oxatricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>>dec-8-en-3-on-5-ol | 56232-15-6 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | 68062-29-3 | C23H30O7 | |
| —— | 2-<(2R,3R,4S)-4-(Benzenesulfonyl)-2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl>ethyl methanesulfonate | 168257-94-1 | C14H18O7S2 |
| —— | (1R<sup>*</sup>,4R<sup>*</sup>,5S<sup>*</sup>)-4-(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-3-one | 111917-76-1 | C13H24O3Si |
| —— | (2R)-(3R)-(4S)-2-C-methyl-5-deoxylyxono-1,4-lactone | 116491-26-0 | C6H10O4 |
| —— | (3aS,4S,6aR)-4-hydroxy-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 1383844-13-0 | C7H8O3 |
| —— | 5-exo-bromo-3-exo-nitro-7-anti-trimethylsilylbicyclo<2.2.1>heptane-2,6-carbolactone | 93490-64-3 | C11H16BrNO4Si |
| —— | (E)-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxo-4-(12-oxododecylidene)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate | 1219016-42-8 | C23H38O6 |
| —— | (E)-16-(5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-5-(pivaloyloxymethyl)dihydrofuran-3(2H)-ylidene)hexadecyl pivalate | 1219016-50-8 | C32H56O7 |
| —— | (4R,5S)-5-(2-chloroallyl)-4-(dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1436857-05-4 | C15H19ClO2Si |
| —— | 6-Oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one, 4-bromo-2-methyl-, (2-exo,4-endo)- | 130606-65-4 | C8H11BrO2 |
| —— | 2H-Furo[3a(2),2a(2):7,8]cycloocta[1,2-b]pyran-2-one, 6-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]dodecahydro-10-methoxy-7a-methyl-, (3aS,7aR,10R,11aS,11bS)- | 1309463-40-8 | C21H38O5Si |
| —— | (3R,4S,5R)-5-hexyl-4-iodo-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1242025-11-1 | C11H19IO2 |
| —— | (5E)-5-(3-Bromodihydro-2(3H)-furanylidene)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 887402-44-0 | C8H9BrO3 |
| —— | (3aS,6S,6aR)-6-(trimethylsilyl)-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 1383844-11-8 | C10H16O2Si |
| —— | 6-Oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one, 8-bromo-1-methyl-, syn- | 68654-33-1 | C8H9BrO2 |
| —— | β-Ethyliden-γ-butyrolacton | 137669-49-9 | C6H8O2 |
| —— | [(1S,7R,9S,10S,11S,12S,16S)-7-ethenyl-11-hydroxy-7,9,13,13,16-pentamethyl-3-oxo-2,4,8-trioxatetracyclo[7.6.2.05,17.012,16]heptadec-5(17)-en-10-yl] acetate | 1186489-29-1 | C23H32O7 |
| —— | Acetic acid 3-((4S,4aR,8aR)-3-oxo-octahydro-isochromen-4-yl)-propyl ester | 99469-58-6 | C14H22O4 |
| —— | 6-but-3-ynyl-6-cyclopentyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione | 612062-58-5 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | (3S,4S)-4-((R)-2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tridecyl)-3-methyloxetan-2-one | 1151392-02-7 | C23H46O3Si |
| —— | (4R,5S)-4-allyl-5-[(2S)-3-oxo-2-methylpropyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1417803-58-7 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | 5-Ethyldihydro-3-(1-oxopropyl)-2(3H)-furanone | 1174458-15-1 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | 1065491-38-4 | C13H18O5 | |
| —— | 5-(3Z)-3-Dodecen-1-yldihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 774608-94-5 | C16H28O2 |
| —— | methyl 4-(4'-methylbenzenesulfenyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.2>oct-7-ene-5-exo-methyl-5-endo-carboxylate | 141510-36-3 | C17H18O4S |
| —— | 2-Oxepanone, 4-(phenylmethyl)-6-(trimethylsilyl)-, cis- | 118527-83-6 | C16H24O2Si |
| —— | rel-(1S,3aS,7R,7aR)-1,1-dimethylethyl 1,2,3,4,7,7a-hexahydro-7-methyl-8-oxo-3a,7-(epoxymethano)-3aH-indene-1-acetate | 114837-88-6 | C17H24O4 |
| —— | (R,Z)-3-methyl-3-(1-trimethylsilyloct-1-enyl)cyclopentanone | 1261490-31-6 | C17H32OSi |
| —— | N-Octyl-3-oxo-2,8,9-trioxa-5-aza-1-silabicyclo[3.3.3]undecane-1-butanethioamide | 1175531-44-8 | C18H34N2O4SSi |
| —— | 1α,6α-dimethyl-3α-(hydroxymethyl)-1α-(iodomethyl)cyclohexane-2α-carboxylic acid γ-lactone | 77044-54-3 | C11H17IO2 |
| —— | (5S,6R)-6-{3-[(tert-butyldiphenyl)oxy]propyl}-5-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1340479-62-0 | C25H34O3Si |
| —— | 3-Chloro-3-methyl-3a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3H-benzofuran-2-one | 65277-11-4 | C9H11ClO2 |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-1-oxa-spiro[4.4]nona-3,6-dien-2-one | 74026-70-3 | C8H8O3 |
| —— | 1152590-02-7 | C16H20O4 | |
| —— | d7-(+/-)-γ-octalactone | 1104979-28-3 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | Dihydro-5-hydroxy-3,3,5-trimethyl-2(3H)-furanone | 57965-25-0 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | [(1S,2R,3S,8S,10S)-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-12-oxo-7,11-dioxa-6-azatricyclo[6.4.0.02,6]dodecan-10-yl]methyl acetate | 442911-36-6 | C16H25NO6 |
| —— | 4,4-dimethyl-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 20215-60-5 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | I+/-,I(2)-Didehydrolovastatin | 1590413-50-5 | C24H34O5 |
| —— | 2-(4-Oxocyclohexyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolin | 51849-89-9 | C11H17NO2 |
| —— | Methyl 5-Hydroxy-1,3,3,4',4'-pentamethyl-5'-oxobicyclo<4.2.1>nonane-7-spiro-2'-(tetrahydrofuran)-6-carboxylate | 128064-29-9 | C19H30O5 |
| —— | rel-(1R,6R)-2,2-Dimethyl-3-oxa-7-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-4,8-dione | 86191-07-3 | C8H11NO3 |
| —— | 3-((3R,4R)-3-Methyl-2-oxo-4-propyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-propionic acid | 64149-90-2 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | 5,5-dimethyl-(4S)-(3-oxobutyl)dihydrofuran-2-one | 105608-35-3 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | (-)-(S)-4,5-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-3-phenylfuran-2(3H)-one | 128706-85-4 | C14H18O3 |
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