内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 5-exo-bromo-3-exo-nitrobicyclo<2.2.1.>heptane-2,6-carbolactone | 76954-20-6 | C8H8BrNO4 |
| —— | 2-Oxo-3-formyl-3-(γ-oxo-butyl)-5-ethoxycarbonyl-tetrahydrofuran | 100258-26-2 | C12H16O6 |
| —— | 3-benzyl-3-hydroxy-5-phenethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 111033-52-4 | C19H20O3 |
| —— | trimethyl-(5-oxo-tetrahydro-furfuryl)-ammonium; iodide | 112990-58-6 | C8H16NO2*I |
| —— | (3S,6S,7aR)-3-(3-Furyl)-6-hydroxy-perhydro-3a,7a-methanoisobenzofuran-1,7-dion | 88819-39-0 | C13H12O5 |
| —— | (5R)-5-(azido(furan-3-yl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1449291-83-1 | C9H9N3O3 |
| —— | 7-hydroxy-10β-hydroxymethyl-1β,8β-dimethylgibbane-1α,4aα-carbolactone | 77912-32-4 | C19H28O4 |
| —— | (5S,6R)-6-((R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yloxy)-5-(1-methyl-1-nitro-ethyl)-dihydro-pyran-3-one | 138842-64-5 | C14H21NO7 |
| —— | (R)-6-Furan-3-yl-3-methyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione | 255870-29-2 | C10H10O4 |
| —— | (S)-2-Methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 132958-44-2 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | 1-(4-butyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one | 59647-53-9 | C13H21NO3 |
| —— | (2E,5S,6E,9R)-12-((2S,4S)-4-methyl-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-5,9-bis((triethylsilyl)oxy)dodeca-2,6-dienal | 1458062-39-9 | C30H56O5Si2 |
| —— | 3-ethyl-1-oxaspiro[3.6]decan-2-one | 125382-74-3 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | 3-Hydroxy-2,8-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one | 1379764-39-2 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | 3-Brom-5,8-dihydroxy-4-methyl-cis-3,4,5,8,9,10-hexahydro-naphthalin-carbonsaeure-1,8-lacton | 91843-57-1 | C12H13BrO3 |
| —— | 3R,5S-3-Benzyl-5-(N-tert-butoxycarbonyl)aminomethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon | 155720-19-7 | C17H23NO4 |
| —— | 6-Heptyl-3-methylene-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 86001-42-5 | C13H22O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-8<i>syn</i>,9<i>anti</i>-dihydroxy-bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane-6<i>exo</i>,7<i>exo</i>-dicarboxylic acid-6=>9-lactone-7-methyl ester | 108482-01-5 | C12H16O5 |
| —— | (1R,3aR,5aS,8aS)-5a-Chloro-1-hydroxy-1,2,3,3a,5a,6-hexahydro-dicyclopenta[b,c]furan-5-one | 137538-02-4 | C10H11ClO3 |
| —— | 5-methylsulfanyl-3-oxaspiro[5.5]undec-10-en-4-one | 114251-09-1 | C11H16O2S |
| —— | (3aS,7aR)-4,7a-dimethyl-5-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-3a,6,7,7a-tetrahydroisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one | 1579293-64-3 | C19H34O3Si |
| —— | 3β-bromo-2-oxobicyclo<3.3.0>octane-4α,6α-carbolactone | 127268-79-5 | C9H9BrO3 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-5-[(S)-2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-methyl-ethyl]-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 123485-42-7 | C14H28O3Si |
| —— | (1'S,3R,3'S,5'R,8'R)-3'-tert-butylspiro[2H-furan-3,2'-6-oxatricyclo[6.3.0.01,5]undec-10-ene]-7'-one | 112532-72-6 | C17H22O3 |
| —— | (3S,6R,9S,10R)-9-(methoxymethoxy)-3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-10-pentyloxecan-6-yl acetate | 1609652-13-2 | C19H32O7 |
| —— | (5R,7S,13R)-13-cyclohexyl-3,10-dioxa-12-azadispiro[4.1.47.25]tridecane-4,11-dione | 1464809-39-9 | C16H23NO4 |
| —— | 4,4-Dimethyl-3β,5-epoxy-A-homo-5β-androstan-4a,17-dione | 88662-46-8 | C22H32O3 |
| —— | 3-(Cyclohexylidenemethyl)oxetan-2-one | 77192-35-9 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | (3S,4S)-3-Isopropenyl-4-phenyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 107365-11-7 | C14H16O2 |
| —— | tert-butyl (S)-((5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)carbamate | 714972-42-6 | C10H17NO4 |
| —— | 6-(chloromethyl)-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1392140-33-8 | C12H13ClO2 |
| —— | 5-bromo-2-tert-butyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione | 916057-04-0 | C9H13BrO4 |
| —— | senkyunolide P | 117005-27-3 | C24H30O4 |
| —— | (3aS,7aS)-3a-hydroxy-7a-methyl-tetrahydro-isobenzofuran-1,5-dione | 1236161-75-3 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | Sodium; 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylate | 74002-75-8 | C7H9O4*Na |
| —— | (4R,5R)-5-Ethyl-4-pentyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 92490-29-4 | C11H20O2 |
| —— | S-Iodoethyl-γ-butyrolactone | 108380-31-0 | C6H9IO2 |
| —— | 3-(1-methyl-1-heptenyl)butanolide | 78344-49-7 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | (2S)-(3R)-(4S)-5-deoxyxylono-1,4-lactone | 116560-94-2 | C5H8O4 |
| —— | (3S,5R)-5-Isopropyl-3-((S)-1-methyl-allyl)-[1,4]oxathian-2-one | 126574-89-8 | C11H18O2S |
| —— | 1508320-00-0 | C19H22O3Si | |
| —— | 5-methyl-3-(((trimethylsilyl)oxy)methylene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 297165-91-4 | C9H16O3Si |
| —— | 5-Mesyl-2.4-benzyliden-D-glucuron-diethylmercaptal | 7057-12-7 | C18H24O7S3 |
| —— | 5-(2-methyl-1-phenylprop-1-enyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1260160-54-0 | C14H16O2 |
| —— | (6S,7S)-9-Oxo-8-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.2.0<sup>1,6</sup>]undecane-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 79315-83-6 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | 5,5-dimethyl-4-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylmethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 1315510-58-7 | C10H15N3O2 |
| —— | lovastatin | 237073-61-9 | C24H36O5 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-5-Hydroxy-4-oct-1-ynyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 129180-39-8 | C15H22O3 |
| —— | β-Acetyl-γ-phenethyl-γ-butyrolacton | 53000-07-0 | C14H16O3 |
| —— | 4-isohexyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 130936-14-0 | C13H22O2 |
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