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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (RS)-5-cyclohexyl-3-methylenedihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 101567-04-8 C11H16O2
    (RS)-5-cyclohexyl-3-methylenedihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— trans-(+/-)-4-cyclohexyl-3-methyloxetan-2-one 114049-50-2 C10H16O2
    trans-(+/-)-4-cyclohexyl-3-methyloxetan-2-one
    —— (1R,5S,7R)-7-((S)-3-((4S,6R)-6-heptyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl)-2-hydroxypropyl)-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one 1016901-99-7 C23H40O6
    (1R,5S,7R)-7-((S)-3-((4S,6R)-6-heptyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl)-2-hydroxypropyl)-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one
    —— (S)-3-((R)-1-hydroxy-3-metylbutyl)-3-(methylthio)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1378531-88-4 C10H18O3S
    (S)-3-((R)-1-hydroxy-3-metylbutyl)-3-(methylthio)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (4R,5R)-5-Butyl-4-hydroxy-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 157497-25-1 C8H14O3
    (4R,5R)-5-Butyl-4-hydroxy-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (S)-3-((R)-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-3-(methylthio)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1378531-86-2 C14H18O3S
    (S)-3-((R)-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-3-(methylthio)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3S,4S)-4-tert-Butyl-3-methyl-oxetan-2-one —— C8H14O2
    (3S,4S)-4-tert-Butyl-3-methyl-oxetan-2-one
    —— (5S*,6S*,7R*,11R*)-6,7-epoxy-6,11-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro<4.6>undecan-2,8-dione —— C12H16O4
    (5S*,6S*,7R*,11R*)-6,7-epoxy-6,11-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro<4.6>undecan-2,8-dione
    —— (5R*,6R*,7S*,11R*)-6,7-epoxy-6,11-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro<4.6>undecan-2,8-dione —— C12H16O4
    (5R*,6R*,7S*,11R*)-6,7-epoxy-6,11-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro<4.6>undecan-2,8-dione
    —— (4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetic acid 77613-25-3 C10H16O4
    (4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetic acid
    —— 2-(1-oxooctyl)-4-butanolide 23935-53-7 C12H20O3
    2-(1-oxooctyl)-4-butanolide
    —— (R)-γ-isobutyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone 60856-84-0 C9H14O2
    (R)-γ-isobutyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (S)-γ-isobutyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone 57566-85-5 C9H14O2
    (S)-γ-isobutyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3S,4S)-4-<(tert-Butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-4-methyl-γ-butyrolactone 159685-40-2 C11H22O3Si
    (3S,4S)-4-<(tert-Butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-4-methyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 1,7-Dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-one 95209-77-1 C9H14O3
    1,7-Dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-hydroxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-one 194475-97-3 C13H24O5Si
    (3R,4S,5R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-hydroxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-one
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-hydroxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-one 194475-95-1 C13H24O5Si
    (3R,4S,5S)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-hydroxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-one
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-(methoxymethoxy)-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-one 194476-23-8 C15H28O6Si
    (3R,4S,5R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-(methoxymethoxy)-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-one
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-trimethylsilyloxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-one 194476-14-7 C16H32O5Si2
    (3R,4S,5S)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-trimethylsilyloxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-one
    —— 4,4-dimethyl-5-(2-propylpent-1-enyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1260160-48-2 C14H24O2
    4,4-dimethyl-5-(2-propylpent-1-enyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (1R,5S,7R)-7-(((4S,6R)-6-heptyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl)methyl)-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one 1016902-00-3 C21H36O5
    (1R,5S,7R)-7-(((4S,6R)-6-heptyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl)methyl)-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one
    —— 4-(R)-methyl-5-oxo-2-(S)-undecyloxolane-3-(S)-carboxylic acid 407635-98-7 C17H30O4
    4-(R)-methyl-5-oxo-2-(S)-undecyloxolane-3-(S)-carboxylic acid
    —— 4-(S)-methyl-5-oxo-2-(R)-undecyloxolane-3-(R)-carboxylic acid 405552-35-4 C17H30O4
    4-(S)-methyl-5-oxo-2-(R)-undecyloxolane-3-(R)-carboxylic acid
    —— [4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-oxo-dihydro-furan-(3Z)-ylidene]-acetic acid 72163-32-7 C10H14O4
    [4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-oxo-dihydro-furan-(3Z)-ylidene]-acetic acid
    —— (-)-(1S,6S)-5,5-dimethyl-4-oxabicyclo<4.1.0>heptan-3-one 76273-93-3 C8H12O2
    (-)-(1S,6S)-5,5-dimethyl-4-oxabicyclo<4.1.0>heptan-3-one
    —— 6-(but-3-en-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 32764-97-9 C9H14O2
    6-(but-3-en-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (1S,4S,5R,6R)-6-Chloro-4-methyl-2,8-dioxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one 105400-29-1 C7H9ClO3
    (1S,4S,5R,6R)-6-Chloro-4-methyl-2,8-dioxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one
    —— (1R,2S,5R,6S,9S)-6-chloro-9-hydroxymethyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0(2,5)]non-3-en-7-one 1311267-55-6 C9H9ClO3
    (1R,2S,5R,6S,9S)-6-chloro-9-hydroxymethyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0(2,5)]non-3-en-7-one
    —— (1S,4S,5R)-1-chloro-4-hydroxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-2-one 1311267-51-2 C7H7ClO3
    (1S,4S,5R)-1-chloro-4-hydroxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-2-one
    —— 2-tert-butylcyclohexane-1-spiro-4-butyrolactone 79357-89-4 C13H22O2
    2-tert-butylcyclohexane-1-spiro-4-butyrolactone
    —— (3S,4S)-4-[(2R)-2-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxynonyl]-3-decyloxetan-2-one 185614-99-7 C28H56O3Si
    (3S,4S)-4-[(2R)-2-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxynonyl]-3-decyloxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-3-decyl-4-((R)-2-(methoxymethoxy)nonyl)oxetan-2-one 1579224-90-0 C24H46O4
    (3S,4S)-3-decyl-4-((R)-2-(methoxymethoxy)nonyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— 7-Oxabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-8-one 65656-92-0 C7H8O2
    7-Oxabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-8-one
    —— (1R,6S)-7,7-Dimethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-one 145576-43-8 C8H12O2
    (1R,6S)-7,7-Dimethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-one
    —— (1R,6S,8R)-7,7-dimethyl-3-oxatricyclo[6.4.0.0<sup>1,6</sup>]dodecane-2,9-dione 405266-72-0 C13H18O3
    (1R,6S,8R)-7,7-dimethyl-3-oxatricyclo[6.4.0.0<sup>1,6</sup>]dodecane-2,9-dione
    —— (1R,6R)-1-methyl-9-methylene-3-oxa-4-oxobicyclo<4.3.0>nonane 104113-35-1 C10H14O2
    (1R,6R)-1-methyl-9-methylene-3-oxa-4-oxobicyclo<4.3.0>nonane
    —— 1,3,4,4a,5,6-hexahydrocyclopenta<c>oxin-1-one 102979-49-7 C8H10O2
    1,3,4,4a,5,6-hexahydrocyclopenta<c>oxin-1-one
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5S)-3-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2,4-dimethyl-heptan-5-olide-7-carboxylic acid chloride 1026906-02-4 C15H27ClO4Si
    (2S,3R,4S,5S)-3-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2,4-dimethyl-heptan-5-olide-7-carboxylic acid chloride
    —— (S)-5-[(S)-2,2,3,3,10,10-hexamethyl-9,9-diphenyl-4,8-dioxa-3,9-disilaundecan-5-yl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1431372-84-7 C29H44O4Si2
    (S)-5-[(S)-2,2,3,3,10,10-hexamethyl-9,9-diphenyl-4,8-dioxa-3,9-disilaundecan-5-yl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3R,5S)-5-[(S)-2,2,3,3,10,10-hexamethyl-9,9-diphenyl-4,8-dioxa-3,9-disilaundecan-5-yl]-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1015071-58-5 C30H46O4Si2
    (3R,5S)-5-[(S)-2,2,3,3,10,10-hexamethyl-9,9-diphenyl-4,8-dioxa-3,9-disilaundecan-5-yl]-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (S)-5-[(S)-3-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-1-hydroxypropyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1431372-83-6 C23H30O4Si
    (S)-5-[(S)-3-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-1-hydroxypropyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (1R,5S,6S)-5-bromo-1-(((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-8-one 1410839-82-5 C17H29BrO3Si
    (1R,5S,6S)-5-bromo-1-(((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-8-one
    —— (1S,4S,5R)-1-fluoro-4-hydroxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-2-one 1311267-49-8 C7H7FO3
    (1S,4S,5R)-1-fluoro-4-hydroxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-2-one
    —— (1R,2S,5R,6S,9S)-6-fluoro-9-hydroxymethyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0(2,5)]non-3-en-7-one 1311267-54-5 C9H9FO3
    (1R,2S,5R,6S,9S)-6-fluoro-9-hydroxymethyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0(2,5)]non-3-en-7-one
    —— 4-oxatricyclo[3.2.1.0<sup>2,7</sup>]octan-3-one 5649-99-0 C7H8O2
    4-oxatricyclo[3.2.1.0<sup>2,7</sup>]octan-3-one
    —— 2,4,4-trimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid 19265-04-4 C8H12O4
    2,4,4-trimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid
    —— 10-vinyldecan-10-olide 85289-05-0 C12H20O2
    10-vinyldecan-10-olide
    —— 5-(2-methoxyethyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 93757-82-5 C7H12O3
    5-(2-methoxyethyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 3,3-Dichloro-5-heptyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 79761-89-0 C11H18Cl2O2
    3,3-Dichloro-5-heptyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3(R)-hydroxy-4(R)-ethyl-4-methyldihydrofuran-2-one —— C7H12O3
    3(R)-hydroxy-4(R)-ethyl-4-methyldihydrofuran-2-one