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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)furan-2(3H)-one —— C10H16O3
    dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)furan-2(3H)-one
    —— (1R,4R,5S)-(+)-4-hydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-one 73611-02-6 C7H10O3
    (1R,4R,5S)-(+)-4-hydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-one
    —— α-methoxy-γ-butyrolactone 25600-25-3 C5H8O3
    α-methoxy-γ-butyrolactone
    —— D-Glucuronsaeurelacton 7330-12-3 C6H8O6
    D-Glucuronsaeurelacton
    —— L-mannuronic acid-3-lactone 7330-12-3 C6H8O6
    L-mannuronic acid-3-lactone
    —— L-glucurono-3,6-lactone 32449-80-2 C6H8O6
    L-glucurono-3,6-lactone
    —— 2-acetyl-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-hexanoic acid δ-lactone 34241-51-5 C8H10O4
    2-acetyl-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-hexanoic acid δ-lactone
    —— methyl D-glucarate 1,4-lactone 22140-16-5 C7H10O7
    methyl D-glucarate 1,4-lactone
    —— 3R-(-)-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-3-<(methoxymethyl)oxy>-2(3H)-furanone 165450-30-6 C8H14O4
    3R-(-)-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-3-<(methoxymethyl)oxy>-2(3H)-furanone
    —— oxocan-2-one 539-87-7 C7H12O2
    oxocan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R)-3-[2-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxyethyl]-4-ethenyloxolan-2-one 339046-88-7 C24H30O3Si
    (3R,4R)-3-[2-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxyethyl]-4-ethenyloxolan-2-one
    —— 4-chloro-4-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)-oxetan-2-one 81189-95-9 C5H4Cl4O2
    4-chloro-4-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)-oxetan-2-one
    —— α-methyl-δ-valerolactone 80698-15-3 C6H10O2
    α-methyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— 5-(1-Cyclohexenyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one 96232-74-5 C11H16O2
    5-(1-Cyclohexenyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 4-(1'-Cyclohexenyl)-4-butanolide 96232-73-4 C10H14O2
    4-(1'-Cyclohexenyl)-4-butanolide
    —— 5-(4-Methylcyclohexen-1-yl)oxolan-2-one 1351663-03-0 C11H16O2
    5-(4-Methylcyclohexen-1-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (S)-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 61898-56-4 C6H10O2
    (S)-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— β-azidomethyl γ-butyrolactone 192214-02-1 C5H7N3O2
    β-azidomethyl γ-butyrolactone
    —— (R)-4-(hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 85701-08-2 C5H8O3
    (R)-4-(hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (4S)-ethyl tetrahydro-4-isobutyl-2-oxofuran-3-carboxylate 951792-49-7 C11H18O4
    (4S)-ethyl tetrahydro-4-isobutyl-2-oxofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— (S)-4-(2-methyl-1-propyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 172796-26-8 C8H14O2
    (S)-4-(2-methyl-1-propyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 5,5'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one) 58936-17-7 C10H14O4
    5,5'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one)
    —— 1-Methyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one 59498-98-5 C8H12O2
    1-Methyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one
    —— (R)-5-{[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]methyl}dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 128075-94-5 C21H26O3Si
    (R)-5-{[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]methyl}dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5-bis<<(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy>methyl>tetrahydro-2-furanone 172843-14-0 C38H46O4Si2
    5-bis<<(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy>methyl>tetrahydro-2-furanone
    —— (3R,5R)-5-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-phenylselanyloxolan-2-one 190078-48-9 C27H30O3SeSi
    (3R,5R)-5-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-phenylselanyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-3-deoxy-2-Se-phenyl-2-seleno-L-erythro-pentonic acid-γ-lactone 189818-62-0 C27H30O3SeSi
    5-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-3-deoxy-2-Se-phenyl-2-seleno-L-erythro-pentonic acid-γ-lactone
    —— 4-hydroxy,5E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid γ-lactone 825632-99-3 C22H30O2
    4-hydroxy,5E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid γ-lactone
    —— norbisabolide 660842-77-3 C12H18O2
    norbisabolide
    —— [(1R)-1-[(2S,5R)-2-ethyl-5-[(2S)-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]oxolan-2-yl]ethyl] methanesulfonate 1027220-49-0 C14H24O6S
    [(1R)-1-[(2S,5R)-2-ethyl-5-[(2S)-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]oxolan-2-yl]ethyl] methanesulfonate
    —— 5-((3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-1-iodooctadeca-3,6,9,12,15-pentaenyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 78144-19-1 C22H31IO2
    5-((3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-1-iodooctadeca-3,6,9,12,15-pentaenyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (5S)-5-[(2R,5S)-5-ethyl-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]oxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one 157796-23-1 C13H22O4
    (5S)-5-[(2R,5S)-5-ethyl-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]oxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-[(2R,5S)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-5-ethyloxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one 200929-29-9 C13H22O5
    (5S)-5-[(2R,5S)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-5-ethyloxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S,6S)-6-[(2S)-1-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxybutan-2-yl]-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one 200929-42-6 C17H34O3Si
    (3R,5S,6S)-6-[(2S)-1-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxybutan-2-yl]-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (2R,4S)-2,4-dimethylbutyrolactone 105087-15-8 C6H10O2
    (2R,4S)-2,4-dimethylbutyrolactone
    —— (4R,5S)-5-methyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one 111831-55-1 C10H16O3
    (4R,5S)-5-methyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 2,4-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethylpentanoic acid γ-lactone 1195-55-7 C7H12O3
    2,4-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethylpentanoic acid γ-lactone
    —— 2-methyl-4-nonanolide 33349-00-7 C10H18O2
    2-methyl-4-nonanolide
    —— (R)-dihydro-3-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)diphenylsilyl]oxy]-2(3H)-furanone 220352-11-4 C20H24O3Si
    (R)-dihydro-3-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)diphenylsilyl]oxy]-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 7-t-butyl-dimethylsililoxy-6-<(1E)-3-t-butyldimethylsililoxy-1-octenyl>-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-2-one 61628-05-5 C27H52O4Si2
    7-t-butyl-dimethylsililoxy-6-<(1E)-3-t-butyldimethylsililoxy-1-octenyl>-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-2-one
    —— 2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester 127915-15-5 C6H8O4
    2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— (S)-3-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 220351-82-6 C20H24O3Si
    (S)-3-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 6-deoxy-D-mannono-1,4-lactone 106293-98-5 C6H10O5
    6-deoxy-D-mannono-1,4-lactone
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 248256-29-3 C5H8O4
    (3R,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-3,5-di-O-(triisopropylsilyl)-γ-D-ribonolactone 1173700-25-8 C23H46F2O4Si2
    2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-3,5-di-O-(triisopropylsilyl)-γ-D-ribonolactone
    —— (3S,4R,5R)-3-fluoro-4-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1173700-23-6 C23H47FO4Si2
    (3S,4R,5R)-3-fluoro-4-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3S,4S,5R)-5-benzyl-3-[(Z,4R,5S)-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(methoxymethoxy)-2-methylnon-6-enoyl]-3,4-bis(triethylsilyloxy)oxolan-2-one 499121-02-7 C37H64O10Si2
    (3S,4S,5R)-5-benzyl-3-[(Z,4R,5S)-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(methoxymethoxy)-2-methylnon-6-enoyl]-3,4-bis(triethylsilyloxy)oxolan-2-one
    —— (2S,3S,4R)-4-benzyl-2-propanoyl-2,3-bis(triethylsiloxy)-4-butanolide 499120-90-0 C26H44O5Si2
    (2S,3S,4R)-4-benzyl-2-propanoyl-2,3-bis(triethylsiloxy)-4-butanolide
    —— (2R,3S,4R)-4-benzyl-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxypropyl]-2,3-bis(triethylsiloxy)-4-butanolide 499121-09-4 C26H46O5Si2
    (2R,3S,4R)-4-benzyl-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxypropyl]-2,3-bis(triethylsiloxy)-4-butanolide
    —— (5S,8R,9S)-8-benzyl-2-[(1S,2S,3Z)-1,2-bis(methoxymethoxy)-3-hexenyl]-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-9-triethylsiloxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4,6-dione 499121-04-9 C31H48O10Si
    (5S,8R,9S)-8-benzyl-2-[(1S,2S,3Z)-1,2-bis(methoxymethoxy)-3-hexenyl]-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-9-triethylsiloxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4,6-dione