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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3,3,6-Trimethyl-10-methylidene-3a,4,5,8,9,10a-hexahydrocyclonona[b]furan-2-one —— C15H22O2
    3,3,6-Trimethyl-10-methylidene-3a,4,5,8,9,10a-hexahydrocyclonona[b]furan-2-one
    —— methyl 2-[4-[1-(4,4,7a-trimethyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl)ethenyl]-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C21H32O4
    methyl 2-[4-[1-(4,4,7a-trimethyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl)ethenyl]-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate
    —— 10-Iodomethyl-1,4,9-trioxa-dispiro[4.0.5.4]pentadec-13-en-8-one 412274-28-3 C13H17IO4
    10-Iodomethyl-1,4,9-trioxa-dispiro[4.0.5.4]pentadec-13-en-8-one
    —— 5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid amide 89463-89-8 C5H7NO3
    5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid amide
    —— 3,9-dimethyl-5-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)-3a,6,7,9a-tetrahydro-3H-cycloocta[b]furan-2-one —— C20H32O2
    3,9-dimethyl-5-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)-3a,6,7,9a-tetrahydro-3H-cycloocta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 4,4,8-Trimethyl-10-oxo-9-oxatricyclo[6.4.0.03,5]dodecane-2-carboxylic acid —— C15H22O4
    4,4,8-Trimethyl-10-oxo-9-oxatricyclo[6.4.0.03,5]dodecane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— 2-(2,3,6-Trimethyl-9-oxo-10,11-dioxatricyclo[6.2.1.02,6]undecan-8-yl)acetaldehyde —— C14H20O4
    2-(2,3,6-Trimethyl-9-oxo-10,11-dioxatricyclo[6.2.1.02,6]undecan-8-yl)acetaldehyde
    —— (11-Hydroxy-13-methoxy-13-methyl-5,9-dimethylidene-4-oxo-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.02,6]tetradecan-7-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C20H26O7
    (11-Hydroxy-13-methoxy-13-methyl-5,9-dimethylidene-4-oxo-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.02,6]tetradecan-7-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 5a,8-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-4,5,6,7,8a,8b-hexahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[g][1]benzofuran-8-carbaldehyde —— C15H20O3
    5a,8-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-4,5,6,7,8a,8b-hexahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[g][1]benzofuran-8-carbaldehyde
    —— 9-Hydroxy-6,14,15,21,21-pentamethyl-10-methylidene-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosan-25-one —— C29H42O4
    9-Hydroxy-6,14,15,21,21-pentamethyl-10-methylidene-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosan-25-one
    —— 3-Heptadeca-5,11-dienyl-4-hydroxy-5-nonadecyloxolan-2-one —— C40H74O3
    3-Heptadeca-5,11-dienyl-4-hydroxy-5-nonadecyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Hydroxy-5-icosanolide —— C20H38O3
    3-Hydroxy-5-icosanolide
    —— 2-[7-[6-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-oxooxan-3-ylidene]-4-methylhept-3-enyl]-2,6-dimethylchromene-5,8-dione —— C27H34O6
    2-[7-[6-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-oxooxan-3-ylidene]-4-methylhept-3-enyl]-2,6-dimethylchromene-5,8-dione
    —— 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-10-methylidene-12-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,5]trideca-2,5-diene-4,11-dione —— C15H16O4
    2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-10-methylidene-12-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,5]trideca-2,5-diene-4,11-dione
    —— 7,8-Dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4,4a,6a,7-tetrahydropentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylic acid —— C15H16O5
    7,8-Dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4,4a,6a,7-tetrahydropentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylic acid
    —— 6-Icosyl-4-methyloxan-2-one —— C26H50O2
    6-Icosyl-4-methyloxan-2-one
    —— 3,6,9-Trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,9,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,8-dione —— C15H20O3
    3,6,9-Trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,9,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,8-dione
    —— 5-hex-3-enyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 93257-19-3 C11H18O2
    5-hex-3-enyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-5,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C8H14O3
    4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-5,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-Methoxy-10-methyloxecane-2,7-dione —— C11H18O4
    5-Methoxy-10-methyloxecane-2,7-dione
    —— 2,5,10,13-Tetrahydroxy-2,6,13-trimethyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.4.3.01,5]tridecane-9,12-dione —— C15H22O7
    2,5,10,13-Tetrahydroxy-2,6,13-trimethyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.4.3.01,5]tridecane-9,12-dione
    —— 4,5,8,11,11,14-Hexamethyl-22-methylidene-24-oxahexacyclo[17.3.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosane-21,23-dione —— C30H44O3
    4,5,8,11,11,14-Hexamethyl-22-methylidene-24-oxahexacyclo[17.3.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracosane-21,23-dione
    —— 2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-6-oxooxan-4-yl)ethyl octadecanoate —— C26H47IO4
    2-(4-Iodo-2-methyl-6-oxooxan-4-yl)ethyl octadecanoate
    —— 4-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H16O4
    4-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— 1,10,11-Trihydroxy-2,5,5,12-tetramethyl-8-oxatetracyclo[5.5.0.02,10.03,6]dodecan-9-one —— C15H22O5
    1,10,11-Trihydroxy-2,5,5,12-tetramethyl-8-oxatetracyclo[5.5.0.02,10.03,6]dodecan-9-one
    —— 1-(3-methyl-1-butanoyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C10H14O3
    1-(3-methyl-1-butanoyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 5-[3,3-Dimethyl-2-(3-oxobutyl)cyclobutyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C15H24O3
    5-[3,3-Dimethyl-2-(3-oxobutyl)cyclobutyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-6-(triphenylsilyloxymethyl)oxan-2-one —— C25H26O4Si
    4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-6-(triphenylsilyloxymethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— 6-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H18O3
    6-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— Methyl 5-[5-(furan-3-yl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-6-methyl-6-(3-oxobut-1-enyl)cyclohexene-1-carboxylate —— C21H24O6
    Methyl 5-[5-(furan-3-yl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-6-methyl-6-(3-oxobut-1-enyl)cyclohexene-1-carboxylate
    —— 4,9-Dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H20O4
    4,9-Dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 8-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7,11-dimethylidene-5,6,8,9,10,11a-hexahydro-4aH-cyclonona[c]pyran-1-one —— C20H28O4
    8-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7,11-dimethylidene-5,6,8,9,10,11a-hexahydro-4aH-cyclonona[c]pyran-1-one
    —— 10-Hydroxy-1,10,16-trimethyl-9,14-dioxatetracyclo[10.4.1.02,7.08,15]heptadecane-11,13,17-trione —— C18H24O6
    10-Hydroxy-1,10,16-trimethyl-9,14-dioxatetracyclo[10.4.1.02,7.08,15]heptadecane-11,13,17-trione
    —— 3-Hexadec-9-en-7-ynyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C21H34O3
    3-Hexadec-9-en-7-ynyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 1,2,8,8,15,20,20-Heptamethyl-18-oxo-19-oxapentacyclo[12.9.0.02,11.05,10.015,21]tricos-11-ene-5-carboxylic acid —— C30H46O4
    1,2,8,8,15,20,20-Heptamethyl-18-oxo-19-oxapentacyclo[12.9.0.02,11.05,10.015,21]tricos-11-ene-5-carboxylic acid
    —— 4,5,9,9,13-Pentamethyl-20-oxahexacyclo[17.2.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tricosane-10,21-dione —— C27H40O3
    4,5,9,9,13-Pentamethyl-20-oxahexacyclo[17.2.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tricosane-10,21-dione
    —— 11-Hydroxy-9-methyl-3-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undec-9-en-2-one —— C11H14O3
    11-Hydroxy-9-methyl-3-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undec-9-en-2-one
    —— Nudaphantin 96627-10-0 C21H26O7
    Nudaphantin
    —— 8-Methyl-3-methylidene-5,14-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.02,6]pentadeca-7,11-diene-4,13-dione —— C15H16O4
    8-Methyl-3-methylidene-5,14-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.02,6]pentadeca-7,11-diene-4,13-dione
    —— 16-Hydroxy-2,6,6,11,14,17-hexamethyl-20-methylidene-7,18-dioxapentacyclo[12.5.1.01,16.02,12.05,11]icos-9-ene-8,15,19-trione —— C25H32O6
    16-Hydroxy-2,6,6,11,14,17-hexamethyl-20-methylidene-7,18-dioxapentacyclo[12.5.1.01,16.02,12.05,11]icos-9-ene-8,15,19-trione
    —— 3-hydroxy-2-tetradeca-1,3,5-trienyl-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-oxonin-9-one —— C22H34O3
    3-hydroxy-2-tetradeca-1,3,5-trienyl-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-oxonin-9-one
    —— 5'-(Furan-3-yl)-3-hydroxy-3,6,7-trimethylspiro[9-oxatricyclo[5.2.2.01,6]undecane-2,3'-oxolane]-2',8-dione —— C20H24O6
    5'-(Furan-3-yl)-3-hydroxy-3,6,7-trimethylspiro[9-oxatricyclo[5.2.2.01,6]undecane-2,3'-oxolane]-2',8-dione
    —— 4-Methyl-9-methylidene-14-pent-2-enylidene-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-13-one —— C19H26O3
    4-Methyl-9-methylidene-14-pent-2-enylidene-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-13-one
    —— 5,8-Dihydroxy-10-propyloxecane-2,7-dione —— C12H20O5
    5,8-Dihydroxy-10-propyloxecane-2,7-dione
    —— Methyl 2-[5-(furan-3-yl)-6,10,12,12-tetramethyl-16-methylidene-3,13-dioxo-4-oxatetracyclo[7.6.1.110,14.01,6]heptadecan-11-yl]acetate —— C28H36O6
    Methyl 2-[5-(furan-3-yl)-6,10,12,12-tetramethyl-16-methylidene-3,13-dioxo-4-oxatetracyclo[7.6.1.110,14.01,6]heptadecan-11-yl]acetate
    —— 3-[2-(5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C20H30O2
    3-[2-(5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(5-methylhexyl)oxolan-2-one —— C12H22O3
    4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(5-methylhexyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-3,3a,4,5,6,8,9,10,11,11a-decahydrofuro[2,3-e]azecine-2,7-dione —— C12H19NO4
    4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-3,3a,4,5,6,8,9,10,11,11a-decahydrofuro[2,3-e]azecine-2,7-dione
    —— (3,6,6-trimethyl-13-oxo-12-oxatetracyclo[8.3.0.01,3.04,8]tridec-9-en-7-yl) N-(2,2,2-trichloroacetyl)carbamate —— C18H20Cl3NO5
    (3,6,6-trimethyl-13-oxo-12-oxatetracyclo[8.3.0.01,3.04,8]tridec-9-en-7-yl) N-(2,2,2-trichloroacetyl)carbamate
    —— Salinilactone F —— C9H12O3
    Salinilactone F