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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5β-Hydroxy-4α-methoxy-perhydrocyclopenta<b>furan-2-on 72974-72-2 C8H12O4
    5β-Hydroxy-4α-methoxy-perhydrocyclopenta<b>furan-2-on
    —— 5-Methyl-5-((E)-1-vinyl-but-2-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 105273-57-2 C11H16O2
    5-Methyl-5-((E)-1-vinyl-but-2-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (S)-3-[(S)-Isopropoxy-((R)-2-methyl-oxiranyl)-methoxy]-3-methyl-oxetan-2-one 67872-64-4 C11H18O5
    (S)-3-[(S)-Isopropoxy-((R)-2-methyl-oxiranyl)-methoxy]-3-methyl-oxetan-2-one
    —— (R)-6-Undec-1-ynyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 69765-55-5 C16H26O2
    (R)-6-Undec-1-ynyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (S,2E,4E)-6-methoxy-5-methyl-7-((2S,5R)-5-methyl-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)hepta-2,4-dienal 1156545-80-0 C15H22O4
    (S,2E,4E)-6-methoxy-5-methyl-7-((2S,5R)-5-methyl-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)hepta-2,4-dienal
    —— (1R,5R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 127604-95-9 C13H24O3Si
    (1R,5R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— 1α-hydroxy-2,3,3aβ,4,5,7aβ-hexahydroindene-4α-carboxylic acid δ-lactone 80595-47-7 C10H12O2
    1α-hydroxy-2,3,3aβ,4,5,7aβ-hexahydroindene-4α-carboxylic acid δ-lactone
    —— (4aR,7S,7aR)-1-hydroxy-7-methyl-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3-one 134906-61-9 C9H14O3
    (4aR,7S,7aR)-1-hydroxy-7-methyl-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3-one
    —— 5-acetamido-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro<3β,3aα,5α,6β,6aα>-3,6-methano-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-one 135225-28-4 C9H11NO4
    5-acetamido-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro<3β,3aα,5α,6β,6aα>-3,6-methano-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-one
    —— t-butyl 9,9-dimethyl-3-oxatetracyclo<10,1,0,01,5,07,11>tridec-6-en-2-one-12-carboxylate 61013-77-2 C19H26O4
    t-butyl 9,9-dimethyl-3-oxatetracyclo<10,1,0,01,5,07,11>tridec-6-en-2-one-12-carboxylate
    —— 1092695-36-7 C16H24O4
    —— (1'R,3S,4'R,5'R,9'R,9a'R)-5'-hydroxy-5',9'-dimethyl-2,2'-dioxo-1',2',4',5',8',9'-hexahydrospiro[oxetane-3,6'-[4,9a]methanocyclopenta[d]oxocin]-1'-yl acetate 431071-00-0 C17H20O7
    (1'R,3S,4'R,5'R,9'R,9a'R)-5'-hydroxy-5',9'-dimethyl-2,2'-dioxo-1',2',4',5',8',9'-hexahydrospiro[oxetane-3,6'-[4,9a]methanocyclopenta[d]oxocin]-1'-yl acetate
    —— (4S,5S,6S)-4,5-Dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 71687-07-5 C7H12O4
    (4S,5S,6S)-4,5-Dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— 134028-79-8 C49H68O6PSi*Cl
    —— 5-(tert-butyl-hydroxy-isopropyl-silanyloxy)-4-iodomethyl-octahydrocyclopropa[cd]inden-2-one 361456-18-0 C16H26FIO4Si
    5-(tert-butyl-hydroxy-isopropyl-silanyloxy)-4-iodomethyl-octahydrocyclopropa[cd]inden-2-one
    —— (3R,4S)-4-Isopropyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 81415-49-8 C11H18O4
    (3R,4S)-4-Isopropyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— 4-chloro-4-trichloromethylthiomethyloxetan-2-one 108636-35-7 C5H4Cl4O2S
    4-chloro-4-trichloromethylthiomethyloxetan-2-one
    —— ethyl 2-methyl-2-(5-oxooxolan-2-yl)propanoate 141700-58-5 C10H16O4
    ethyl 2-methyl-2-(5-oxooxolan-2-yl)propanoate
    —— (4R,5S)-5<<(1,1-Dimethylethoxy)carbonyl>amino>-4-(2'-propenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 135505-36-1 C13H21NO4
    (4R,5S)-5<<(1,1-Dimethylethoxy)carbonyl>amino>-4-(2'-propenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (1S,2S,7S,8S,9R)-9-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1-methyl-4,12-dioxa-tricyclo[6.3.1.0(2,7)]dodecan-3-one 1352577-36-6 C17H30O4Si
    (1S,2S,7S,8S,9R)-9-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1-methyl-4,12-dioxa-tricyclo[6.3.1.0(2,7)]dodecan-3-one
    —— (7S,9R)-9,14,14-Trimethyl-11-oxa-14-sila-tricyclo[7.5.1.0<sup>2,7</sup>]pentadec-1-en-10-one 135908-71-3 C16H26O2Si
    (7S,9R)-9,14,14-Trimethyl-11-oxa-14-sila-tricyclo[7.5.1.0<sup>2,7</sup>]pentadec-1-en-10-one
    —— ((3aR,4R,6aR)-3,5-Dioxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester 72034-75-4 C10H12O5
    ((3aR,4R,6aR)-3,5-Dioxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester
    —— (4S,4aR,5S,8aR)-4,5-Dimethyl-3-oxoperhydroisochroman 142560-66-5 C11H18O2
    (4S,4aR,5S,8aR)-4,5-Dimethyl-3-oxoperhydroisochroman
    —— acetic acid 6-tert-butoxy-8-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.1]non-9-yl ester 952717-71-4 C16H26O6
    acetic acid 6-tert-butoxy-8-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.1]non-9-yl ester
    —— 114581-81-6 C17H28N2O4
    —— cis-5-ethyl-3-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1233131-72-0 C6H10O3
    cis-5-ethyl-3-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3S,4R,5R,6S)-4-hydroxy-6-((S)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1096707-37-7 C10H18O4
    (3S,4R,5R,6S)-4-hydroxy-6-((S)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6-Methyl-oxocane-2,4-dione 129199-62-8 C8H12O3
    6-Methyl-oxocane-2,4-dione
    —— rac-2,4-dimethyl-5-hydroxy-3-nitrocyclooctanecarboxylic acid lactone 130060-34-3 C11H17NO4
    rac-2,4-dimethyl-5-hydroxy-3-nitrocyclooctanecarboxylic acid lactone
    —— (S,S,αS)-NN-bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-L-valine δ-lactone 95657-28-6 C11H21NO3
    (S,S,αS)-NN-bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-L-valine δ-lactone
    —— 1β(R),10β(S)-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)-3β(S)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-11β(R)-phenylseleno-4-guaien-6α(S),12-olide 1202792-03-7 C33H56O5SeSi3
    1β(R),10β(S)-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)-3β(S)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-11β(R)-phenylseleno-4-guaien-6α(S),12-olide
    —— (R)-4-(3-oxobutyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1612797-39-3 C9H14O3
    (R)-4-(3-oxobutyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 69429-73-8 C25H32O5
    —— (3aR,4S,5S,6S,6aR)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-6-fluoro-5-hydroxy-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 69927-96-4 C14H25FO4Si
    (3aR,4S,5S,6S,6aR)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-6-fluoro-5-hydroxy-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (S)-1-Acetyl-5-oxa-spiro[2.4]heptan-4-one 40587-44-8 C8H10O3
    (S)-1-Acetyl-5-oxa-spiro[2.4]heptan-4-one
    —— 4-ethylthiomethyloxetan-2-one 72749-31-6 C6H10O2S
    4-ethylthiomethyloxetan-2-one
    —— (5R,5aR,7R,8bR)-5,7-Dimethyl-octahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2,6-dione 70485-92-6 C13H18O3
    (5R,5aR,7R,8bR)-5,7-Dimethyl-octahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2,6-dione
    —— 9β-Hydroxy-8-desoxy-vernolepin 69225-52-1 C15H16O5
    9β-Hydroxy-8-desoxy-vernolepin
    —— methyl (1SR,2SR,9RS)-11,11-dimethyl-4-oxo-5-oxatricyclo<7.3.0.0<sup>3,7</sup>>dodec-3-ene-2-carboxylate 79898-60-5 C15H20O4
    methyl (1SR,2SR,9RS)-11,11-dimethyl-4-oxo-5-oxatricyclo<7.3.0.0<sup>3,7</sup>>dodec-3-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— [1,6]Dioxecane-2,7-dione 141622-35-7 C8H12O4
    [1,6]Dioxecane-2,7-dione
    —— (1R,3S,7R,8S)-5-Oxa-tricyclo[5.3.1.0<sup>3,8</sup>]undec-9-en-4-one 134870-09-0 C10H12O2
    (1R,3S,7R,8S)-5-Oxa-tricyclo[5.3.1.0<sup>3,8</sup>]undec-9-en-4-one
    —— (+/-)-epi-δ-Quinide 135558-80-4 C7H10O5
    (+/-)-epi-δ-Quinide
    —— rac-(2aR,2a1R,5aS,6S,7R,8aR)-2a,5a,7-trimethyloctahydrospiro[naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-6,2'-oxiran]-2(2aH)-one 83929-02-6 C15H22O3
    rac-(2aR,2a1R,5aS,6S,7R,8aR)-2a,5a,7-trimethyloctahydrospiro[naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-6,2'-oxiran]-2(2aH)-one
    —— propyl (3S,6aR,8aS,9R,12aR,12bS)-3-hydroxy-9,12a-dimethyl-4-methylene-5-oxotetradecahydro-3,6a-methanonaphtho[2,1-b]oxocine-9-carboxylate 1363692-73-2 C23H34O5
    propyl (3S,6aR,8aS,9R,12aR,12bS)-3-hydroxy-9,12a-dimethyl-4-methylene-5-oxotetradecahydro-3,6a-methanonaphtho[2,1-b]oxocine-9-carboxylate
    —— (5-decyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester 2169-76-8 C17H30O4
    (5-decyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester
    —— t-butyldimethylsilyl verrucarinolactone 85737-75-3 C12H24O3Si
    t-butyldimethylsilyl verrucarinolactone
    —— 4-chloro-2-methyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-7-one 79743-53-6 C8H11ClO2
    4-chloro-2-methyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-7-one
    —— dihydro-3-((N,N-dimethylamino)methyl)-5-methyl-5-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone 97191-29-2 C14H19NO2
    dihydro-3-((N,N-dimethylamino)methyl)-5-methyl-5-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-Dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S)-methyl-6(S)-aminocarbonyl-1,2,3,4,4a(S),5,6,7,8,8a(S)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 114801-81-9 C31H55NO6Si
    6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-Dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S)-methyl-6(S)-aminocarbonyl-1,2,3,4,4a(S),5,6,7,8,8a(S)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 3,5-di-O-acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-L-arabino-hexono-1,4-lactone 78138-35-9 C10H14O6
    3,5-di-O-acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-L-arabino-hexono-1,4-lactone