内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 5-Methyl-2-pentyl-1,3-dioxa-spiro[5.5]undecan-4-one | 74942-38-4 | C15H26O3 |
| —— | N-carbamoyl-3,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide | 116744-65-1 | C8H12N2O4 |
| —— | 2,3-Dimethylcyclopentan-1-essigsaeureanhydrid | 30436-43-2 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | 2-Hydroxy-2-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclobutanessigsaeurelacton | 68197-02-4 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | (1S,5S,6S)-5-bromo-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-8-one | 55886-50-5 | C7H7BrO2 |
| —— | 4,4-dimethyl-8-hydroxymethyl-11-oxatetracyclo<7,3,1,0,02,6>tridec-6-en-12-one | 77645-56-8 | C15H20O3 |
| —— | 7-(3,7-Dihydroxy-heptyl)-7-methyl-oxepan-2-one | 64767-67-5 | C14H26O4 |
| —— | 3-Fluoro-4-(1-iodo-1-methyl-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 129352-61-0 | C7H10FIO2 |
| —— | N-acetyldesalanylactinobolin | 98066-38-7 | C12H17NO6 |
| —— | (5R,6S)-6-[(S)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-methyl-butyl]-5-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 94742-99-1 | C17H34O3Si |
| —— | 143833-70-9 | C10H13BrO4 | |
| —— | (3aS,7aS)-7a-Methyl-4-[2-methylsulfanylmethoxy-eth-(Z)-ylidene]-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 87031-68-3 | C13H20O3S |
| —— | diethyl 7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octane-r-1,c-4-dicarboxylate | 134951-38-5 | C13H18O6 |
| —— | 4-bromo-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 103024-07-3 | C5H7BrO2 |
| —— | 6-Methoxycarbonyl-1,3,3,4',4'-pentamethyl-5,5'-dioxobicyclo<4.2.1>nonane-7-spiro-2'-(tetrahydrofuran) | 128064-27-7 | C19H28O5 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,6S,7S,7aR)-6-Allyloxy-7-bromo-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-tetrahydro-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2-one | 137334-51-1 | C17H29BrO5Si |
| —— | (R)-5-((R)-3-(benzyloxy)-1-((triethylsilyl)oxy)propyl)-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1355616-32-8 | C21H34O4Si |
| —— | (5S,6R)-6-[2-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxyethyl]-5-methyloxan-2-one | 1011482-16-8 | C24H32O3Si |
| —— | (1R,4R,5R,6R,7R)-4-Amino-5,6,7-trihydroxy-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one | 160814-13-1 | C7H11NO5 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-6-[(E,1R)-3-iodo-1-tri(propan-2-yl)silyloxybut-2-enyl]-4-methoxyoxan-2-one | 380909-72-8 | C19H35IO4Si |
| —— | tetrahydroecuadorin | 144614-53-9 | C29H38O10 |
| —— | (1R,5R)-9-Bromo-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one | 56764-26-2 | C8H11BrO2 |
| —— | (1R, 2R, 4S, 5R)-2-allyl-1,4-di(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-oxocyclohexan-1,5-carbolactone | 1206715-87-8 | C22H40O5Si2 |
| —— | (1S,7S)-1-Methyl-7-propanoyloxy-4-oxabicyclo<5.3.0>decane-5,10-dione | 114611-48-2 | C13H18O5 |
| —— | 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-Dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S)-methyl-6(S)-isopropoxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4,4a(S),-5,6,7,8,8a(S)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 114801-84-2 | C28H46O7 |
| —— | {(S)-2-Cyclohexyl-1-[(2R,4R)-4-(2-methyl-allyl)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl]-ethyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 708211-24-9 | C21H35NO4 |
| —— | (3R,7S)-1,3-Dimethyl-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.3.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>]dec-8-ene-2,5-dione | 71998-56-6 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 13α-(1-Acetoxy-vinyl)-13β-hydroxy-podocarpan-8-carbonsaeure-lacton | 107631-72-1 | C22H32O4 |
| —— | 64158-53-8 | C16H22O5 | |
| —— | 4-(tert-butylsulfanylmethyl)oxetan-2-one | 108636-34-6 | C8H14O2S |
| —— | (3R,5S,6R)-3,5-dimethyl-6-((S)-pent-4-en-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1381962-59-9 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | (2R,3R)-3-Methoxy-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carbaldehyde | 82540-84-9 | C6H8O4 |
| —— | 3-Hexyl-5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 66094-83-5 | C12H22O2 |
| —— | 3,5-diethyl-3-(2-hydroxy-butyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 65668-73-7 | C12H22O3 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-3-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-5-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 114877-77-9 | C37H44O4Si2 |
| —— | 1,4-lactone of 3-deoxy-2-C-hydroxymethyl-D-erythro-pentaric acid | 110383-85-2 | C6H8O6 |
| —— | 1138300-82-9 | C20H34O5Si | |
| —— | (3aS,9aS)-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2-one | 56695-36-4 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | 3,3-dichloro-4,8,8-trimethyl-5-oxatricyclo<5.1.0.0<sup>2,4</sup>>-octan-6-one | 130632-89-2 | C10H12Cl2O2 |
| —— | 6-Oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one, 1-ethenyl- | 65656-93-1 | C8H10O2 |
| —— | 1393483-35-6 | C12H12N2O2 | |
| —— | methyl 3,3-dimethyl-1-oxo-2-oxaspiro<5.4>decane-4-carboxylate | 114326-59-9 | C13H20O4 |
| —— | (R,R,αS)-NN-bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-L-valine δ-lactone | 95657-27-5 | C11H21NO3 |
| —— | 7-Hydroxy-10-(4-hydroxy-butyl)-7-methyl-oxecan-2-one | 64767-68-6 | C14H26O4 |
| —— | Paraconsaeure-amid | 89463-91-2 | C5H7NO3 |
| —— | acetic acid 4-[2-(8-hydroxy-11-methyl-3-oxo-9-vinyl-2,6-dioxa-tricyclo[5.2.2.01,5]undec-4-en-4-yl)-[1,3]dithiolan-2-yl]-2-methyl-pentyl ester | 926290-20-2 | C23H32O6S2 |
| —— | (2r,7r,8as,20as)-4,5-dimethyleneicosahydro-2,8a:7,20a-dimethanocyclodeca[14]annulene | 125762-95-0 | C22H34O4 |
| —— | (2R,3R,4R)-2,3-dihydro-4-isopropyl-2-methyltetronic acid | 112923-82-7 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | 6(R)-<2-<1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a(R)-Octahydro-2(R),6(R)-dimethyl-8(S)-<<2(S)-methylbutyryl>oxy>-3(R)-acetoxy-1(S)-naphthyl>ethyl>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-2H-pyran-2-one | 85614-10-4 | C32H54O7Si |
| —— | (E)-3-(3-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)propylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1240239-82-0 | C23H28O3Si |
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