内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | [2R,3S]-3-((1S)-sec-butyl)-2-methyl-4-oxooxetane-2-carboxylic acid | 1391040-84-8 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | 2',6':8',12'-exo,exo-dispiro<cyclohexane-1,5'-<4,10>dioxatetracyclo<5.5.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>.0<sup>8,12</sup>>tetradec-13'-ene-3',9'-dione-11',1''-cyclohexane> | 82639-71-2 | C22H28O4 |
| —— | (4aR,4bR,8S,8aR,9R,10aR)-8-(3-Furan-3-yl-2-oxo-propyl)-9-hydroxy-1,1,4a,8a-tetramethyl-dodecahydro-phenanthrene-2,7-dione | 125417-27-8 | C25H34O5 |
| —— | trans-3-carboxy-3,4-dimethylbutyrolactone | 102651-55-8 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | (4R,S)-6-O-acetyl-2,3,5-trideoxyhexono-1,4-lactone | 149427-85-0 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | (+/-)-3-Chloro-3-methyl-1-oxaspiro[3.4]octan-2-one | 138589-63-6 | C8H11ClO2 |
| —— | 5-O-acetyl-2,3-O-(R)-benzylidene-D-ribono-1,4-lactone | 104768-01-6 | C14H14O6 |
| —— | 4,4-dimethyl-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-chromen-2-one | 1191118-37-2 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | 1151391-90-0 | C22H42O3Si | |
| —— | 1151391-87-5 | C25H50O5Si | |
| —— | (3R,5R)-3-[(1S,2R)-1-hydroxy-2-methylbutyl]-5-methyl-3-trimethylsilyloxolan-2-one | 97462-57-2 | C13H26O3Si |
| —— | (3S,5R)-5-[(S)-3-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-2-hydroxy-propyl]-3-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 102717-35-1 | C23H30O5Si |
| —— | 72312-68-6 | C14H16O4 | |
| —— | Acetic acid (2R,3R)-2-((1R,2S)-3-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl-1-methyl-2-triisopropylsilanyloxy-propyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester | 161926-50-7 | C23H42O7Si |
| —— | opt.-inakt.-4,5-Dioxo-2-vinyl-tetrahydro-furan-carbonsaeure-(3)-ethylester | 90536-80-4 | C9H10O5 |
| —— | (1S,2R,6R,7S)-9-Oxo-7-trifluoromethyl-4,8-dioxa-tricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undec-10-ene-10-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 101640-81-7 | C12H11F3O5 |
| —— | α-Hexyl-γ-methylcarboxy-butyrolacton | 53826-05-4 | C12H20O4 |
| —— | bicyclo<3.3.0>oct-2-ene-4α,6α-carbolactone | 127268-74-0 | C9H10O2 |
| —— | (1S,5R,7R)-1,5,7-Trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-7-carbonyl chloride | 185394-19-8 | C12H15ClO4 |
| —— | (3R,5R)-5-[(S)-3-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-2-hydroxy-propyl]-3-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 102717-34-0 | C23H30O5Si |
| —— | 2',6'-exo-spiro<cyclohexane-1,5'-<4>oxatricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>>dec-8'-en-3'-one> | 82660-68-2 | C14H18O2 |
| —— | 7-(prop-2-ynyl)oxepan-2-one | 1261353-25-6 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | 5-Methyl-5-triphenylsilyl-1-pyrazolin-3,4-dicarbonsaeureanhydrid | 33167-96-3 | C24H20N2O3Si |
| —— | (3S,4S)-3,4-Dimethyl-4-propyl-oxetan-2-one | 126485-96-9 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | 3-Cyclopentyl-5-(2-oxo-cyclopentylmethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 6262-65-3 | C15H22O3 |
| —— | (6R)-6-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxan-2-one | 162285-70-3 | C7H12O4 |
| —— | (1R,3R,4R,5S,7S,8R,9S,12R,13R,18R,21S,22R,24R,25R,26S,28S,29R,30S,33R,34R,39R,42S,43R,45R,46R,47S,49S,50R,51S,54R,55R,60R,63S)-3,7,24,28,45,49-hexahydroxy-8,13,21,29,34,42,50,55,63-nonamethyl-17,38,59-trioxatridecacyclo[58.3.1.118,22.139,43.04,9.05,63.08,12.021,26.025,30.029,33.042,47.046,51.050,54]hexahexacontane-16,37,58-trione | 141927-53-9 | C72H114O12 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,7aS)-4-Methyl-4-(1-trimethylsilanyl-vinyl)-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 95682-36-3 | C14H24O2Si |
| —— | Acetic acid (4S,6S)-2-oxo-6-pentadecyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl ester | 126794-75-0 | C22H40O4 |
| —— | 1β,5β,7α,8β-7-hydroxy-8-iodo-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one | 56460-52-7 | C7H9IO3 |
| —— | (3aS,6S,6aR)-6-methyl-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]furan-2,4-dione | 1197132-93-6 | C7H8O4 |
| —— | (3R,4R,5S)-4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-5-((4E,6E)-3-oxo-octa-4,6-dienyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 87116-31-2 | C14H20O4 |
| —— | (R)-6-((S)-2,2-Dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-yl)-6-triisopropylsilanyloxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 851370-23-5 | C20H38O5Si |
| —— | methyl (2S)-2-[(2S,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl]propanoate | 69736-39-6 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | 9-<(2-methoxyethoxy)methoxy>-6-methoxy-3aα,4,5,6α,6aα,7,8,9α,9aα,9bβ-decahydroazuleno<4,5-b>furan-2(3H)-one | 93111-91-2 | C17H28O6 |
| —— | methyl (4R)-4-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate | 13353-18-9 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | 3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-(propan-2-ylidene)-dihydro-3H-pyran-2,4-dione | 10319-92-3 | C12H18O3 |
| —— | (3R,4R,9R,10R,Z)-4,9-bis(methoxymethoxy)-3-methyl-10-pentyl-3,4,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-2H-oxecin-2-one | 1585969-13-6 | C19H34O6 |
| —— | 3-(tert-Butylsulfenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2-furanone | 391605-59-7 | C8H14O2S |
| —— | (1R,2R,4S,4'S,5'R)-4'-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5'-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1-hydroxy-7-methyl-4',5'-dihydro-2'H-5-oxaspiro[bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3'-furan]-7-ene-2',6-dione | 1449574-97-3 | C24H42O7Si2 |
| —— | (1R,2R,6S,7S)-2-Isobutyryl-4-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dec-8-en-3-one | 82166-38-9 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | 4-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 16589-94-9 | C12H18O6 |
| —— | 6-exo-bromo-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>oct-7-en-3-one | 72957-79-0 | C7H7BrO2 |
| —— | dibutyl-5,5 dioxa-4,10 exo-tricyclo[5.2.1.02.6]decene-8 one-3 | 72081-04-0 | C16H24O3 |
| —— | (1S,5S)-4,8-dimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-7-en-3-one | 552289-35-7 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 3-[2-acetoxy-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-3-benzyltetrahydrofuran-2,4-dione | 1338062-45-5 | C27H22Cl2O5 |
| —— | Acetic acid (R)-2-acetoxy-1-((S)-2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-ethyl ester | 90934-77-3 | C11H16O6 |
| —— | <5R,6S(S)>-6-<3-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)propyl>-5-methyltetrahydro-2-pyranone | 142592-71-0 | C25H34O3Si |
| —— | 5-(1-Chloro-2-methyl-propenyl)-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 100066-94-2 | C9H13ClO2 |
| —— | (1R,2R,5R,7R,10S,11S,14S,16S,19R,20R,23R,25R,28S,29S,32S,34S)-2,11,20,29-tetramethyl-5,14,23,32-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)-4,13,22,31,37,38,39,40-octaoxapentacyclo[32.2.1.17,10.116,19.125,28]tetracontane-3,12,21,30-tetrone | 1095268-48-6 | C52H88O12 |
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