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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-Oxo-N-(phenylmethyl)-1-oxaspiro(4.5)decane-4-carboxamide 136547-38-1 C17H21NO3
    2-Oxo-N-(phenylmethyl)-1-oxaspiro(4.5)decane-4-carboxamide
    —— 2-Oxo-1-oxaspiro(4.5)decane-4-carboxamide 136547-37-0 C10H15NO3
    2-Oxo-1-oxaspiro(4.5)decane-4-carboxamide
    —— 3-<(E)-butylidene>-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 111572-50-0 C9H14O2
    3-<(E)-butylidene>-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 2-methylene-5-oxaspiro<4.3>octan-6-one 131515-56-5 C8H10O2
    2-methylene-5-oxaspiro<4.3>octan-6-one
    —— (3S,4S,5R)-3-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-5-[2'-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-1'-ethyl]-4-hydroxy-δ-lactone 410091-39-3 C39H48O5Si2
    (3S,4S,5R)-3-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-5-[2'-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-1'-ethyl]-4-hydroxy-δ-lactone
    —— (5S,1'S)-5-<1'-<N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)benzylamino>-3'-methylbutyl>dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 172329-58-7 C21H31NO4
    (5S,1'S)-5-<1'-<N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)benzylamino>-3'-methylbutyl>dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3R,5S,1'S)-5-<1'-<N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)benzylamino>-3'-methylbutyl>-3-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 172329-59-8 C25H37NO4
    (3R,5S,1'S)-5-<1'-<N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)benzylamino>-3'-methylbutyl>-3-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5-Hydroxy-undecen-(8t)-saeure-(1)-lacton 259210-34-9 C11H18O2
    5-Hydroxy-undecen-(8t)-saeure-(1)-lacton
    —— 3R,5S-3-Benzyl-5-mesyloxymethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon 150323-17-4 C13H16O5S
    3R,5S-3-Benzyl-5-mesyloxymethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon
    —— 3-methoxyglutaric anhydride 132868-33-8 C6H8O4
    3-methoxyglutaric anhydride
    —— (Z)-3-(1-chloropentylidene)-1-oxaspiro[3.5]nonan-2-one 849705-14-2 C13H19ClO2
    (Z)-3-(1-chloropentylidene)-1-oxaspiro[3.5]nonan-2-one
    —— (3,3-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-acetic acid 42203-11-2 C8H12O4
    (3,3-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-acetic acid
    —— (S)-α-(5-nonylidene)-β-ethyl-β-lactone 1415755-22-4 C14H24O2
    (S)-α-(5-nonylidene)-β-ethyl-β-lactone
    —— α-(5-nonylidene)-β-ethyl-β-lactone 1415755-21-3 C14H24O2
    α-(5-nonylidene)-β-ethyl-β-lactone
    —— (+/-)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C11H9ClO2
    (+/-)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 247102-85-8 C11H9ClO2
    (1S,5R)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (+)-dihydroprotolichesterinic acid 19464-87-0 C19H34O4
    (+)-dihydroprotolichesterinic acid
    —— 4-(4-chlorophenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 5666-78-4 C11H11ClO2
    4-(4-chlorophenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (3aR,5R,6aS)-methyl 5,6,6,6a-tetrachloro-1-oxohexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-5-carboxylate 1414878-50-4 C9H8Cl4O4
    (3aR,5R,6aS)-methyl 5,6,6,6a-tetrachloro-1-oxohexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-5-carboxylate
    —— (4R,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,4E,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylidene-4-propyloxolan-2-one 917805-11-9 C22H33BrO2
    (4R,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,4E,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylidene-4-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,4E,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylidene-4-propyloxolan-2-one 917805-43-7 C22H33BrO2
    (4S,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,4E,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylidene-4-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,5S,7S)-5-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-4,8-dioxa-bicyclo[5.1.0]octan-3-one 915298-49-6 C23H28O4Si
    (1R,5S,7S)-5-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-4,8-dioxa-bicyclo[5.1.0]octan-3-one
    —— (4R,5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,4E,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylidene-4-propyloxolan-2-one 917805-45-9 C22H33BrO2
    (4R,5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,4E,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylidene-4-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,5S,7R)-5-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-4,8-dioxa-bicyclo[5.1.0]octan-3-one 915298-48-5 C23H28O4Si
    (1S,5S,7R)-5-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-4,8-dioxa-bicyclo[5.1.0]octan-3-one
    —— (1S,5R,6S)-6-Phenyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 141041-89-6 C11H10O2
    (1S,5R,6S)-6-Phenyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-5-but-3-enyl-4-[(1S)-1-hydroxypent-4-enyl]oxolan-2-one 918544-84-0 C13H20O3
    (4S,5S)-5-but-3-enyl-4-[(1S)-1-hydroxypent-4-enyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— hexahydro-cyclopenta[<i>c</i>]pyran-3-one 5732-77-4 C8H12O2
    hexahydro-cyclopenta[<i>c</i>]pyran-3-one
    —— cis-ϖ-Camphansaeure 465-48-5 C10H14O4
    cis-ϖ-Camphansaeure
    —— (3aS,6aR)-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one 121960-86-9 C7H10O2
    (3aS,6aR)-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one
    —— (3-bromo-l-camphoric acid )-anhydride 10333-96-7 C10H13BrO3
    (3-bromo-l-camphoric acid )-anhydride
    —— (1S)-(-)-camphanic acid 465-48-5 C10H14O4
    (1S)-(-)-camphanic acid
    —— (+)-(5S,6R)-tetrahydro-5,6-dimethyl-2H-pyran-2-one 82467-25-2 C7H12O2
    (+)-(5S,6R)-tetrahydro-5,6-dimethyl-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 2(3H)-furanone, dihydro-5-(2-octenyl)-, (Z)- 18679-18-0 C12H20O2
    2(3H)-furanone, dihydro-5-(2-octenyl)-, (Z)-
    —— (+)-asteriscanolide 97649-15-5 C15H22O3
    (+)-asteriscanolide
    —— (6S)-6-hexyltetrahydropyran-2-one 108861-13-8 C11H20O2
    (6S)-6-hexyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (+)-(1S,5R)-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-2-one 88269-13-0 C7H10O2
    (+)-(1S,5R)-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one 188682-06-6 C7H12O5
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-(1-Chloroethylidene)-4-ethenyloxolan-2-one 1189748-24-0 C8H9ClO2
    3-(1-Chloroethylidene)-4-ethenyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3,3,5,5-tetramethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 4237-83-6 C8H14O2
    3,3,5,5-tetramethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-Sulfo-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran 40336-82-1 C4H6O5S
    3-Sulfo-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran
    —— 2-octyladipic anhydride 360559-42-8 C14H24O3
    2-octyladipic anhydride
    —— 1-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-2-one —— C7H10O2
    1-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-2-one
    —— 6-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2,4-diketotetrahydropyran 935758-14-8 C14H16O3
    6-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2,4-diketotetrahydropyran
    —— 3,3-diethyl-4,5-dihydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2(3H)-furanone 67020-01-3 C9H16O3
    3,3-diethyl-4,5-dihydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 5-(azidomethyl)-3,3-diethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 185907-49-7 C9H15N3O2
    5-(azidomethyl)-3,3-diethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (1R,6R)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-1-carboxylic acid 865375-31-1 C7H8O4
    (1R,6R)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-1-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,7S)-1,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[5.4.0]undecan-3-one 217467-50-0 C13H22O2
    (1S,7S)-1,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[5.4.0]undecan-3-one
    —— tert-butyl ((S)-2-methyl-1-((R)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)propyl)carbamate 153025-77-5 C13H23NO4
    tert-butyl ((S)-2-methyl-1-((R)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)propyl)carbamate
    —— (+)-12-epiaplysistatin 85761-19-9 C15H21BrO3
    (+)-12-epiaplysistatin
    —— α-ethylglutaric anhydride 31468-34-5 C7H10O3
    α-ethylglutaric anhydride