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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (4R,5R)-4-amino-5-butoxyoxolan-2-one —— C8H15NO3
    (4R,5R)-4-amino-5-butoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-4-amino-5-cyclopentyloxyoxolan-2-one —— C9H15NO3
    (4S,5S)-4-amino-5-cyclopentyloxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-4-amino-5-butoxyoxolan-2-one —— C8H15NO3
    (4S,5S)-4-amino-5-butoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (2R,3aS,6aR)-2-(aminomethyl)-3a-methoxy-2,3,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-furo[2,3-d]imidazol-5-one —— C7H13N3O3
    (2R,3aS,6aR)-2-(aminomethyl)-3a-methoxy-2,3,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-furo[2,3-d]imidazol-5-one
    —— (2R,3aS,6aS)-2-(aminomethyl)-3a-methoxy-2,3,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-furo[2,3-d]imidazol-5-one —— C7H13N3O3
    (2R,3aS,6aS)-2-(aminomethyl)-3a-methoxy-2,3,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-furo[2,3-d]imidazol-5-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4-amino-5-cyclopentyloxyoxolan-2-one —— C9H15NO3
    (4R,5S)-4-amino-5-cyclopentyloxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-4-amino-5-(2-methylpropoxy)oxolan-2-one —— C8H15NO3
    (4S,5S)-4-amino-5-(2-methylpropoxy)oxolan-2-one
    —— (4S)-4-ethyl-3,3-difluorooxolan-2-one —— C6H8F2O2
    (4S)-4-ethyl-3,3-difluorooxolan-2-one
    —— (4R)-4-ethyl-3,3-difluorooxolan-2-one —— C6H8F2O2
    (4R)-4-ethyl-3,3-difluorooxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-3-fluoro-3,5-dimethyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C6H7FO3
    (3S,5S)-3-fluoro-3,5-dimethyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (3R,5R)-3-fluoro-3,5-dimethyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C6H7FO3
    (3R,5R)-3-fluoro-3,5-dimethyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (3R,5S)-3-fluoro-3,5-dimethyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C6H7FO3
    (3R,5S)-3-fluoro-3,5-dimethyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (7R)-7-acetyl-7-methyloxepan-2-one —— C9H14O3
    (7R)-7-acetyl-7-methyloxepan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-3-acetyl-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one —— C7H10O4
    (3S,4S)-3-acetyl-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-3-acetyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H10O4
    (3S,4R)-3-acetyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-acetyl-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C8H12O3
    (3R)-3-acetyl-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S)-3-acetyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H10O4
    (3R,4S)-3-acetyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-3-acetyl-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one —— C7H10O4
    (3S,4R)-3-acetyl-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— (6R)-6-acetyloxan-2-one —— C7H10O3
    (6R)-6-acetyloxan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-acetyl-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C6H8O4
    (3R)-3-acetyl-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-acetyl-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C6H8O4
    (3S)-3-acetyl-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3R)-5,6-dioxooxane-3-carboxylic acid —— C6H6O5
    (3R)-5,6-dioxooxane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3S)-N-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide —— C6H9NO3
    (3S)-N-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— (1R,5S)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxamide —— C6H7NO3
    (1R,5S)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxamide
    —— (3R,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C6H8O5
    (3R,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3S,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C6H8O5
    (3S,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— aminomethyl (2S)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C6H9NO4
    aminomethyl (2S)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— aminomethyl (2R)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C6H9NO4
    aminomethyl (2R)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3R)-N-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide —— C6H9NO3
    (3R)-N-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— (3S,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C6H8O5
    (3S,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C7H10O4
    (3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3S)-5,6-dioxooxane-3-carboxylic acid —— C6H6O5
    (3S)-5,6-dioxooxane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3S)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C7H10O4
    (3S)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,5R)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxamide —— C6H7NO3
    (1S,5R)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxamide
    —— (2S)-4,4-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carbaldehyde —— C8H12O3
    (2S)-4,4-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carbaldehyde
    —— (3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-3-carbaldehyde —— C8H12O3
    (3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (2R,4R)-4-methyl-6-oxooxane-2-carbaldehyde —— C7H10O3
    (2R,4R)-4-methyl-6-oxooxane-2-carbaldehyde
    —— (3R,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-3-carbaldehyde —— C8H12O3
    (3R,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (+/-)-4<i>t</i>-ethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3<i>r</i>-carbaldehyde —— C7H10O3
    (+/-)-4<i>t</i>-ethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3<i>r</i>-carbaldehyde
    —— (3S,4R)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carbaldehyde —— C7H10O3
    (3S,4R)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (2S,4R)-4-methyl-6-oxooxane-2-carbaldehyde —— C7H10O3
    (2S,4R)-4-methyl-6-oxooxane-2-carbaldehyde
    —— (2R,5S)-5-methyl-6-oxooxane-2-carbaldehyde —— C7H10O3
    (2R,5S)-5-methyl-6-oxooxane-2-carbaldehyde
    —— (3R,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-3-carbaldehyde —— C8H12O3
    (3R,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (3S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carbaldehyde —— C6H8O4
    (3S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (2S,4S)-4-methyl-6-oxooxane-2-carbaldehyde —— C7H10O3
    (2S,4S)-4-methyl-6-oxooxane-2-carbaldehyde
    —— (2S,3R)-4-oxo-5-oxaspiro[2.4]heptane-2-carbaldehyde —— C7H8O3
    (2S,3R)-4-oxo-5-oxaspiro[2.4]heptane-2-carbaldehyde
    —— (3R,4R)-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H12O4
    (3R,4R)-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (+/-)-4<i>c</i>-ethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3<i>r</i>-carbaldehyde —— C7H10O3
    (+/-)-4<i>c</i>-ethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3<i>r</i>-carbaldehyde
    —— (2R,3S)-4-oxo-5-oxaspiro[2.4]heptane-2-carbaldehyde —— C7H8O3
    (2R,3S)-4-oxo-5-oxaspiro[2.4]heptane-2-carbaldehyde
    —— (1R,5S,6R)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-6-carbaldehyde —— C7H8O3
    (1R,5S,6R)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-6-carbaldehyde